Chii chinonzi antigen? Antibodies uye maantigen

Mumuviri, kuratidzwa masoja norudaviro uye antibody anosangana maantigen. Zvisinei, mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu ekupedzisira anogona kunyengedza ezvinhu kunzi dzakananga irresponsibility - shiviriro. Antibodies uye maantigen zvinobatsira kuti paumbwe immunological ndangariro. Next, funga wechipiri mhando zvinhu. Munyaya ino tinowona chii antigen.

tsananguro

Chii chinonzi antigen? Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, kazhinji dzimwe yeimwe. Izvi zvinosanganisira nucleic acids, polysaccharides, mapuroteni vavo zvivako. Kana kuchinja nemakemikari nadzurudzo dzinongoitika Polymers inogona kugadzirwa "conjugated" pfuma. yeimwe kwakadaro ingangoumbwa pachishandiswa mapuroteni kuti ndezvomunhu zvakananga wacho. Autologous fuma denatured nemakemikari kana utano nzira, kunogonawo vatendeukira ive antigen.

tsananguro

The muviri biopolymers kana chakaita zvokugadzirwa analogues ayo anogona kupindira vanokwanisa aite zvirwere mhinduro. yeimwe ava inonzi maantigen. Ivo pave kukura effector masero thymic hunhu. Kuoneka uri kumashure okurwisa zvirwere antibodies kutanga kutaura chaizvo maantigen kana makemikari ane zvakafanana marongerwo. Kana ivo musanetsa rwokudzivirira mhinduro, dzinonzi haptens. Ivo vanotsamwisa immunological shiviriro. Vachikwanisa kunyengedza rwokudzivirira pavakarangwa chakaita zvokugadzirwa polypeptides kuita sezvo mapuroteni maantigen. Zvisinei, optionally chikuru uye spatial marongerwo anofanira akafanana chero chaiyo mapuroteni akakura. Chinhu chinokosha chokufunga vanoratidza antigenic ehupfumi izvi zvinhu kunoratidzwa paumbwe spatial urongwa rack. Panyaya iyi, Polymers aumba kubva amino asidhi (homopolymers) asina ehupfumi kuti aite zvirwere mhinduro. The antigenic polypeptides anokwanisa kuonekwa, nokuumbwa iyo 2 amino acids zvinobatanidzwa.

tsvakurudzo mibvunzo

Chii chinonzi antigen? Classical immunology rinodana fuma iyi sero yose mhuka kana kwemabhakitiriya mavambo. Zvisinei, ichi hachisi chokwadi kubva makemikari pfungwa maonero. Vataurwa pamusoro apa, kuti chinhu antigen pa se. Iyi haisi keji umo mune vazhinji nucleic acids, mapurotini, polysaccharides. maantigen evanhu vakawana muna Yakanatswa chimiro, zvinogona kushandiswa kufurira zvirwere mhinduro. Saka zvichava chaicho imwe biopolymer. Tichitarisa maumbirwo anatswa antigen mune mumwe, chero mubatanidzwa kwayo kunofanira rinorondedzerwa mhuri chaiwo yeimwe. Izvi izwi ringashandiswa kana kureva nomuzvarirwo aggregating zvimwe biopolymer. Miyenzaniso mamwe maantigen kuti utachiona kana utachiona. Saka, contractile mapuroteni flagella giremu kunaka zvigare zviri genus Salmonella flagellin anogona kuwanikwa zvose polymerized uye monomeric chimiro. Uye vacho antigen anogona kunyengedza paumbwe antibodies, pasinei nokuti mamiriro ezvinhu iyi akasiyana. Kunyanya, polymer fellagelina timusonezavisim uye monomer - timusozavisim.

Kukurukura samolecular uremu

Gadza rinogona chete kuenzaniswa imwe kirasi zvinhu. Somuenzaniso, rinoreva mapuroteni siyana muchiva yechipiri uye tertiary ezvirevo: fibrillar uye globular. Muzviitiko zvakadaro zvinoita kumisa zvakananga ukama pakati nekugona polymer kufurira paumbwe antibodies wayo samolecular uremu. Zvisinei, muenzaniso uyu, hakusi Mhedziso. Pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, zvinoenderana nezvimwe zvivako zviri mukomboni, zvose makemikari uye zvipenyu.

The mwero kuoneka zvivako

Kusimba ari antigenic zvechadenga mapuroteni iyo kuita zvikuru zvakawanda uye rinogutsa kirasi achavaponesa mwero shanduka kure nomupi iro vakawana remubatanidzwa uye anenge uyo chinotarisirwa. Correct okufananidza ongororo achava chete panyaya kana chete mhando wakashandiswa kunyatsoongorora zviri pfuma. Somuenzaniso, kana serum sealbumin gonzo uye munhu immunized nembeva, nezuva rokutanga ichava mhinduro zvikuru raidudzwa. Kana biopolymer kunoratidzwa yakawedzera aikanganiswa cleavage, ehupfumi ayo achava shoma raidudzwa kupfuura pfuma nedzokunze kuramba kwazvo enzymatic hydrolysis. Somuenzaniso, panyaya iri kushandisa chakaita zvokugadzirwa polypeptide kana mapuroteni verlauf sezvo maantigen, zvakawanda raidudzwa vachava norudaviro venhumbi aripo ari Zvinoumba tyisa D-amino acids. The inokosha muchinangwa kuratidzwa masoja rudaviro anopiwa genotype pamusoro wacho.

determinant boka

runofarira izvi kunoratidza samolecular biopolymer, munhu chakaita zvokugadzirwa analogue kwayo, kana conjugated antigen kuti anozivikanwa B lymphocyte antigen-tichisunga receptors uye antibodies. The morekuru kazhinji aripo akawanda determinant mapoka akasiyana mune mamiriro. Mumwe nomumwe wavo anogona kuramba kanoverengeka. Kana mukomboni pamusoro Morekuru chete boka aripo ane zvakananga chimiro, paumbwe antibodies naro hazvizoitiki. In muitiro kuwedzera akafanana hurongwa kuchakura uye masoja norudaviro kwavari. Zvisinei, izvi uchaenda imwe pfungwa, pashure izvo zvichaita kutsauka uye anogona zvachose hachionekwi pashure. Izvi Fani yave nezvokumwe kuburikidza nokushandisa conjugated maantigen dzakashongedzwa substituents, kuita basa boka determinant. Kusavapo zvirwere pakupindura biopolymers dzakakwirira epitope arambe achirema imhaka kuti mashandiro pamusoro activation ose lymphocytes vari boka.

Carcinoembryonic antigen

Ndiye mumwe mhando mapuroteni ose dzose rinenge izvo vanhu hwakanaka anogadzirwa duku Vhoriyamu vamwe mitumbi masero. CEA avo namakemikari nemamiriro ndicho mukomboni ose makabhohaidhiretsi uye mapuroteni. paakagadzwa nedzevakuru harizivikanwi. Zvisinei, munguva fetus chimiro nayo zvikuru kuzviita synthesized nhengo yacho zvomudumbu ezvinhu, apo musangano unokosha zvakakwana basa. Ivo chokuita kweiyi muchitokisi weboka. Carcinoembryonic antigen dzakaonekwa munyama pamusoro zvomudumbu zvomukati, asi mune zvakakwana diki zvakawanda. Zita iri mhando nebundu zvechinguvana kunozivisa pezvawakaita, asi kupfuura dzose zvivako kuti tinokosha murabhoritari kudzidza. Shoko rokuti "mudumbu" chokuita vasiri matambudziko panguva chiitiko pamuviri nguva, "antigen" rinoratidza mukana kuziva zvayo zvoutachiona zvinwiwa vachishandisa immunochemical kubatanidzwa nzira. Muchiitiko chino, zvakananga kunyika muviri, haina kuratidza chero ehupfumi. Kazhinji, vari nhengo utano CEA wevasungwa iri zvakakwana pasi. Tikafunga kenza muitiro wayo mwero inowedzera zvikuru nehasha, richisvika sekurukurirano nokururamisira guru. Panyaya iyi, zvinonzi inozivikanwa se zvinyama zvechinguvana pamusoro oncological pathologies, kana bundu zvechinguvana.

CEA

Analysis kuti antigen kushandiswa nechirwere pamusoro malignancies siyana, kunyanya kenza mugaranhoko uye muura. A kuongorora kuitwa mukutanga zvokukura pathologies mu vachiongorora weboka chirwere uye vachiongorora zviri kunyatsoshanda kuti kuchirapa kupindira. Against pakanyorwa muura uye kenza mugaranhoko bvunzo anosiyana kumusoro nehanya. Kunoitawo kuti kurishandisa zvikuru zvawanikwa. Pashure inobudirira oparesheni kubvisa yose bundu rinenge wevasungwa pamusoro CEA gwa shure vaifanira mwedzi miviri. Regular bvunzo dzakwidzwa kubvumira tinyatsonzwisisa murwere mamiriro pashure kugamuchirwa kurapwa. Kuonekwa pamatunhu kwevari CEA achibvumira nenguva kuziva idzokororo chirwere. Akaroromesawo zviri antigen panguva yokurapa nyanzvi kugumisa pamusoro kubudirira kuchirapa migumisiro.

Kuwedzera wevasungwa pamusoro CEA: pathologies siyana

Zvisinei, muedzo hakunganzi kuti namamota zvachose dzakananga. Kuwedzera mwero CEA inogona kuchengetwa tikafunga nezvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana zvomukati chete anogumbura uye nezvimwe zvisikwa. In 20-50% varwere benign pathologies rwatata, ura, mapapu uye pechiropa antigen yevasungwa inowedzerawo zvishoma. Ndiro musi pakanyorwa cirrhosis, chisingaperi chiropa, maronda colitis, cystic fibrosis, emphysema, bronchitis, chirwere Crohn raMwari, pfungwa nomuviri zvemwana asati, mabayo, autoimmune zvirwere, tiibhii. Mukuwedzera, padanho kuwedzera angasava zvimiso chirwere, uye, somuenzaniso, nguva dzose yaunodya doro kana kuputa.

Zvinoumba Ropa

The chikuru pavo specificity uye munhu akazvimiririra vanayo erythrocyte maantigen. Kana kusapindirana biopolymers mugamuchiri uye anyatsoronga ropa iri zvachose wairambidza. Zvimwe hakudzivisiki pathological pezvakaitwa uye kunyange rufu murwere. The immunogenetics yokuedzwa uye kudzidza matsvuku eropa maantigen vachishandisa nzira dzose serological nemiedzo. Izvi zvinosanganisira, kunyanya zvinosanganisira hemolysis maitiro, kwemvura, agglutination. Erythrocyte majini anomirirwa muchimiro kunzwisisa biopolymer macromolecules. Vanounganidza ari stroma (goko) uye kunofambidzana mamwe mamorekuru ari yeimwe. Nokuti mumwe rinokosha chimiro wacho makemikari anoumba nechivako wayo.