Chii dyslexia? Dyslexia Vana: Zviratidzo neMarapirwo

Vanhu vazhinji vasina pfungwa pane dyslexia. Asi pane vaya vakazvionera kuwana pamwe ino chaiyo nyonganyonga, izvo kunooneka pacharo mu nekusagona mukudzidzire unyanzvi kuverenga. Dyslexia muvana kunooneka pacharo mu kuramba zvikanganiso anokonzerwa nechirwere kana aborted mupfungwa kushanda, izvo basa nedanho kuverenga. Kutyora anogona kuwanikwa kana vachiberekwa, kuchengetwa vana vakaremara uzivi uye vana vane zvachose zvakajairika njere. Ndizvo dyslexia, ayo zvinokonzera, zviratidzo, nemarudzi uye nzira kubviswa vachaudza munyaya.

etiology

Kazhinji chirwere ndiye chokuziva, kureva, pakutanga vakaumba kururama kuverenga unyanzvi. Dyslexia muvana hazvisi nokuda chaivo zvikonzero. Mwana utero zvingaitika kukuvara uropi, tsinga entailing kuparadzwa. Somugumisiro, dzimwe pfungwa anokonzera mupfungwa mashandiro muzvirongwa paumbwe kuverenga vanotambura.

Loss kana nyonganyonga pakutanga zvakarurama kuumbwa unyanzvi kunokonzerwa matambudziko evanhu uye mupfungwa zvinhu, izvo zvinosanganisira kurega dzidzo, kushaya inzwi contactsGoogle hospitalism chirwere uye zvakafanana. Dyslexia vana kuchikoro vanogona kuva kana akaisa pamusoro pavo kunyanyisa yaanoti kuverenga, kudzidzisa zvakare kutsanya. Panyaya iyi, mwana pane mamiriro mupfungwa maladjustment. Pachiimbwa yaivhuvhuta magariro evanhu, ichi zvinoreva kubuda zvinetso zvakadai dyslexia uye dysgraphia. In vana, mashoko wenyonganyonga mumakore achangodarika kuramba kuuya muchiedza.

symptomatology

Zvikanganiso kana uchiverenga - hazvisi kuratidzwa dzose nyonganyonga. Nyanzvi funga dambudziko zvikuru broadly, uyewo taura pamusoro zvekuchipatara zviratidzo, ayo kunowanzoguma dyslexia. Zviratidzo Somuenzaniso, zvinosanganisira encephalasthenia, vanoziva remangwana kana zvinofunga infantilism. Direct kutyora kuverenga unyanzvi kunoratidzwa kunonoka inofamba iri kutaura kwebasa uye vakawanda zvikanganiso siyana. Mapoka akawanda zvinogona kupatsanurwa pakati pavo:

• nokusanganisa uye kuzvitsinhanisa tsamba kuti zvinomiririra inonzwika phonetically kufanana;
• Replacement yakanyatsotsanangura zvakafanana tsamba;
• permutation dzakasiyiwa / achiwedzera mabhii uye tsamba, i.e. kukanganisa inzwi-syllabic mamiriro;
• nezvinetso kuverenga kunzwisisa mashoko, mitongo, rugwaro pasina kutyorwa yokuverenga unyanzvi ;
• agrammatism, girazi kuverenga.

Clinical uye mupfungwa kusvika

Kuti tinzwisise chii dyslexia, unofanira kufunga izvozvo nenzira dzakasiyana. Saka kazhinji, chirwere ichi chinoitika muvana systemic nechepakati tsinga zvinetso (diffuse, chadzo, yemunyika, makemikari). vana ava vanotambura haasaruri kukundikana dzakakwirira mupfungwa mashandiro, vane matambudziko kudzikama mutemo pamusoro mufambo ari kushanda kwendangariro. Uyewo, vana vane pathological zviri mupfungwa bhora: neutera vanotukwa uye kufunga zvakanaka mufananidzo-munhu yokuona, zvakajairika kwadzakabva mumamiriro ezvinhu ose, pamwe chikoro maladjustment uye zvichingodaro. Vana vane kukwana nomuromo kuyeukwa dhefisiti Graphics uye ziso mano.

Vatsvakurudzi zhinji akabatanidza chirwere kuti kukwana kusimudzira rakataurwa mutauro uye kuverenga nezvinetso pakati zvinhu anotaurwa underdevelopment zvukobukvennyh shamwari, uyewo kutyora phonetic decoding. Vana vachinetseka pakatangwa bumbiro matsamba (tsamba-ruzha) uye haagoni michina izvi. Somugumisiro, havana akaderedza zvishande basa.

kugona kuverenga

Kutamba kurira chimiro shoko, yakavakirwa ake akajeka mifananidzo - ichi ari kuverenga. Izvi urongwa mupfungwa uye vasiri marongerwo chakatarisana tsamba. Kana isu kunyora, aiva zvinoreva nearufabheti vatambi, uye kana tinoverenga, tinonzwisisa zvinorehwa kuburikidza omumwe tsamba.

Mukuita kuverenga rechesluhovoy yaisanganisira, rechezritelny, Speech Analyzers. Kuverenga, unofanira kufamba meso ako, tora mberi (antipatsiya) uye kudzokera (Regression). Kana rusununguko rwokufamba rine parinoperera mashoko ziso, kuverenga kwacho raputsika, nokuti maonero kweshoko kunoitika zvakananga panguva Kuda kutamba, kureva, apo maziso kumisa pamutsetse. Kuwanda fixations kunoenderana sei avanoziva mashoko, nechivako avo uye zvichingodaro. N. Tsamba shoko chiito sezvo bhuku points. Patinoverenga, zvino isu musaonesesa zvose tsamba, asi chete kureva.

kupatsanura

Inobva chizvidavirire akavhiyiwa kutyorwa panguva kuverenga, vave dzinounzwa rakasiyana-siyana zvokurwara. Ngatikurukurei chimwe nechimwe chazvo zvizere.

1. Optical dyslexia

Zviratidzo chimiro ichi iri chokwadi kuti vana havagoni zvakarurama kuziva mufananidzo hwakajeka uye tinobereka iri mifananidzo, ivo kuti kunetseka nokudzidza tsamba. Kids tinovhiringidza tsamba kuti vane graphical zvakafanana, uye havagoni kusiyanisa zvavo Manyiminya maitiro. Vana ava havakwanisi kutarisana kwetunhu uye ongororo.

2. Phonemic dyslexia

The nyonganyonga Rinobatanidzwa ne underdevelopment pamusoro phonemic ino kushanda, anosanganisira:

• Zvakasiyana - kukwanisa Nenyaya Iyi navamwe mubatanidzwa phonemes musoro kana kuchinja mune rimwe kana kutevedzana kwezviitiko phoneme zviumbu gudzanzwi kunokonzera kuchinja zvaanoreva;
• sluhoproiznositelnyh Kusiyanisa - kukwanisa kusiyanisa phonemes articulatory uye acoustically;
• phonemic ongororo - kukwanisa kuisa mashoko avo constituent phonemes.

Vana kazhinji vanoomerwa nezvinhu sluhoproiznositelnyh Kusiyanisa uye phonemic kuongorora. Muchiitiko chokutanga, zvinoita sokuti dzinovhiringidza acoustic-articulatory mitinhimira yakafanana, kuverenga tsamba, nemavara inopfuura dzimwe confluence yavo, permutation mazwi uye mabhii. Kana yechipiri, vana vachinetseka pamwe tsananguro:

• kuvapo kana kusavapo inzwi;
• kuridza nzvimbo shoko (pakutanga, pakati, magumo);
• First / last inzwi;
• ruzha sequences;
• uwandu mazwi;
• Nzvimbo varurame shoko noruremekedzo kune vamwe (yakavakidzana) zvinoita.

3. Agrammaticheskaya dyslexia

Kazhinji chimiro ichi rinowanikwa mune vana vane vakawanda kutaura zvirwere. It kunokonzerwa underdevelopment pamusoro syntactic uye morphological kunanga kuti zvivakamutauro kutaura hurongwa. Vana vane chirwere ichi vari mubishi kuverenga shanduko nyaya harinzwi uye uwandu emazita, adjectives, uye kubvumirana pane chakaipa emazita ari munhurume, nyaya, nhamba, kushandura Generic mugumo zvisazitasingwi, siyana, marudzi uye ezvirevanguva.

4. kupindirana kwemuvanzrira wezvirevo nemabviro dyslexia

The nokururamiswa zvinetso zvakadaro kunoda siyanei nzira pane dzimwe nguva, nekuti ichi mhando wenyonganyonga inozivikanwa zvinetso kunzwisisa chaiko kugutsikana uye zvinoreva ndima, kunyange zviri pamutemo mudzidzi anoverenga chinyorwa nomazvo. Variants pamusoro kutyorwa:

• kuverenga achishandisa mabhii, kana mumwe mwana anoramba vacho mabhii, asi haagoni chokubatanidza vapinde zvahunoreva rose, uye naizvozvo haangagoni yokufungisisa mashoko pandaiverenga, kureva, pane kuoma zvukoslogovogo kwetunhu;
• kuverenga mashoko azere, kana mwana haagoni zvakajeka kupa syntactic hukama mukati chirevo, kuti shoko rimwe nerimwe iye anoona haana pavanoparidza pedyo nemashoko uye voga;
• kuti mubatanidzwa zvokusarudza okutanga apo kuverenga mabhii vakatevera nokusanzwisisa zvinoreva damerau kumiririrwa syntactic ukama mitsetse.

5. mnesticheskimi dyslexia

kukanganisa uku kunokonzerwa nezvinetso pedu ndangariro, somugumisiro iyo mwana achiomerwa pamwe paumbwe ukama pakati kuona mufananidzo tsamba uye ruzha. Wechikoro Handiyeuki tsamba, unotsiva kana uchiverenga dzimwe, kuvhiringidzika.

6. Tactile dyslexia

The nyonganyonga iri mhando ndizvo mapofu. Pakuverenga vanhu vakadaro havashandisi kuona maonero uye sensorimotor system (verenga nokuda tactile nezvekufadza). Zvisinei, ongororo dzinoratidza kuti vana bofu dyslexia miitiro yavo hakuna kumbosiyana kutaura zvinetso kunobva nevana anoona zvakanaka. Kana tactile nyonganyonga, chikuru dambudziko - kutyora tsamba kukudzwa tsamba eBraille (musayendisiti French akauya aine tactile Fonts kumapofu vanhu). vana bofu pamberi dyslexia nokuverenga mashoko vanorasikirwa, tinovhiringidza tsamba vasingawanzotauri kupedzisa kusvikira pakuguma shoko uye edza kufungidzira nayo. Panguva kutyora kana uchifamba minwe vana ava anoenderana kutyorwa panguva ziso kufamba kunoitika muna anoona zvakanaka vana kutambura chete chirwere (vari kuchengetwa kuburikidza meso runobva kutenderera, kakawanda regression).

Dyslexia: kurapwa

Kukanganisa kunogona kuva dambudziko hwose, asi vamwe vanhu vanoita vanokwanisa kuva dzichipfekeka kuverenga. Asi ruzhinji dyslexics zvaida kuverenga pamwero iri kumbobvira asvika. Kugadzirisa dambudziko, zvinokosha kuti aruramise zvakazara yose rokudzidzisa muitiro. Vana vane chirwere ichi zvinoda kushandiswa zvakananga uye zvisina kunanga nzira yokudzidzisa Shoko pamutemo uye paumbwe unyanzvi chokubvisa zvinoumba mumashoko. Mukudzidzisa zvakananga vachishandisa chaiwo phonetic ano, asiri ugone kuverenga. Kurovedza zvisina kunanga kunosanganisira kushandisa purogiramu inokosha, izvo nevamwe nzira phonetic vanogona kudzidza kuverenga

Kubviswa dyslexia unoitwa dzakasiyana. Nokubata mwana mumwe nomumwe anofanira kubatwa nomumwe. Saka, munhu nani kuti mharidzo rinosanganisira kudzidza kuverenga achangogara mashoko yose uye mashoko, asi munhu yakakodzera unyanzvi kuti anoshandisa hierarchical marongedzero kuzviwanira kuverenga unyanzvi, kana mwana wokutanga kudzidza kunzwisisa inzwi dzakabatana, uye ipapo mashoko uye inopa. Dzakamukurudzirawo marapirwo uyo chiito rinoitwa pakarepo pamusoro rakasiyana-siyana kutsinga dzinouya nhengo. Kana kurapwa chirwere kana kushandisa kurapa kwakadaro sezvo optometric kurovedzwa uye zvakafanana, kubudirira kwavo zvevakomana haisati zvakaratidza.

In mhedziso

Vabereki vakawanda vanotya kuti vana vavo vari chirwere dyslexia. Nokuda kwechikonzero vanhu vakawanda vanoona izvi zvokurwara chirwere chepfungwa. Zvisinei, hazvina kudaro. Kids kuva chirwere chakadai kazhinji kuratidza mano tisaone mune dzimwe minda, akadai wefizikisi, masvomhu, mumhanzi, kupenda. Saka chii dyslexia? Dambudziko ... kana chipo? Tanyatsofunga tisati kupindura.