Chii GLONASS uye sei zvakasiyana kubva American GPS

Russian Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS) mu vezvenhau achangobva kupa yakawanda nzeve, nyore munhuwo zvake, kunyanya kure zvinetso kuongorora zvinhu nemasaisai, zvingaita sokuti hurongwa zvakadaro itsva uye kuchangotanga. Kutaura zvazviri, izvi zvachose handizvo. Asi, chii GLONASS? Kana iye akazviratidza, uye nani kuzivikanwa GPS?

Nhoroondo chidzoke ari wechipfuwo kuongorora zvinhu nemasaisai

Pfungwa kushandisa pasi chakagadzirwa satellites zvinodiwa wekushandisa kwakaonekwa mashanu remakore rapfuura, apo chinhu chokutanga akasika nemaoko evanhu, akaonekwa Earth muchadenga. Just ipapo, vakatarira rokutanga Satellite anonongedzera, masayendisiti anoonekwa tsika kuti kakawanda chiratidzo kubva Mwedzi riri pagungano muchadenga dzinosiyana-siyana zvichienderana nenzvimbo yaro hama kuti mucherechedzi (Doppler kushanda). Uyezve, achiziva chaiyo nzvimbo Muoni panyika, munhu anogona kuyera nzvimbo uye velocity pamusoro Satellite, uye maererano, vakutarisire. VokuAmerica pfungwa iyi yakazadzika muna 1974, apo DNSS chirongwa yakatanga rokutanga kuongorora zvinhu nemasaisai (gare gare chirongwa ainzi Navstar-GPS, uye ipapo - chete GPS).

Uye chii pamusoro Space yokumusha? Masayendisiti Soviet panguva ino, zvakare, havasi agere asina zvaaiita napo. nyika Kunyange asati adzidza kuti GLONASS kana GPS, muna 1967 yakatanga yokutanga kuongorora zvinhu nemasaisai "Iziwi rokuti kosmos-192" uye "Cosmos-220" muna 1968. Zvose satellites vakasikwa zvinodiwa wekushandisa uye kupa kure kutaurirana yeSoviet Navy ngarava uye vaiva pakati pamusoro wekushandisa hurongwa "Dutu" (vehurumende Shanduro - "Cicada"). Uye muna 1976, mamiriro ezvinhu ane nhengo 6 chitundumusere-musere "nechikepe", hwakaiswa kare kupinda basa. The positional zvakarurama ndiwo 80-100 m, wakange asina saka zvakaipa nokuda nguva.

Around iyoyo zvikazikamwa kuti GLONASS. Muna 1976, munyika kuenderera chirongwa "Dutu" yacho CC CPSU uye USSR Council of Vashumiri chirevo chinokosha pamusoro pakuzadzisa mumhuri kuongorora zvinhu nemasaisai. Pasinei dzose panofamba nguva, muna October 1982 yokutanga Satellite mu muchadenga "Hurricane" kwakatangwa maringe GLONASS hurongwa, uye pakazosvika 1991 akanga atova muchadenga 12 satellites kuvatungamirira.

Formal kuitwa wegadziriro ichishanda kwakaitika September 1993, uye muna 1995 boka Satellite kwaisanganisira 24 satellites (nhamba mudonzvo). Zvinosuruvarisa kuti kugadzirisa, haizopereri pokuwa USSR, uyewo shoma oupenyu ari Satellite kwakaita kuti chokwadi kuti 2001, pakanga 6 chete muchadenga operative satellites, uye kuti ndiye GLONASS akatanga zvishoma nezvishoma kukanganwa.

Zvichitevera kuitwa muna 2001 pamusoro yeUnited chirongwa mamiriro ezvinhu asi vakatanga kugadzirisa, uye kuguma 2011 dzose nhamba satellites chaitwa kuna achida padanho. Nokuti nguva 2012 -2020 gg. pamusoro pokumuka GLONASS dzinounzwa mabhiriyoni 320 rubles. Panguva ino, zvinonzi akaronga kubudisa uye vomurova zvakawanda satellites 22 "Glonass-K" uye 15 "GLONASS-M"

Sei GLONASS

Nheyo nokushanda wechipfuwo wekushandisa hurongwa kwakafanana kuti ari American GPS. Orbiting satellites vanoramba emit nezvemarudzi maviri anonongedzera - mureza uye yakakwirira kururama kuti zvinowanikwa vatengi iri anenge kwese panyika. chete runoenzanirana midziyo GLONASS kunodiwa kuona chaiyo Coordinates.

Kunyange zvazvo kwenhoroondo Pakusarudza rinoronga maitiro achishandisa mudzimba zvishoma muduku US (3-6 vs. 2-4 M m) uye izwi mapfupi basa satellites, GLONASS anopa zvikuru kusimba nokuti kuti hakunei Kutenderera paNyika ndokuzotaura It hakurevi chinhu okuwedzera kugadziriswa. Kana isu kutaura zvakarurama, kubudikidza 2020, Developers kuronga kuwedzera kuti 0,6 m, uye mune ramangwana - kusvika 0.1 m.

Kana kugamuchirwa zvokushandisa, kuti GLONASS-navigators, revatema pamwe smartphones ikozvino akagadzawo uye nguva dzose dzeserura. Modern chemasanganiswa mudziyo inokwanisa kushanda vose GLONASS uye GPS, unogona takasununguka kutenga ari zvitoro kuti kutengesa nevatengi zvemagetsi nhasi, kana akarayira kubva paIndaneti chitoro.