Chii IOC? International Olympic Committee: mureza, mari, anotuma, matare uye nhengo

Chii IOC? The International Olympic Committee (IOC) - remarudzi vasiri purofiti nemasangano vachishandisa wekuLausanne (Switzerland). It akasikwa Pierre de Coubertin, June 23, 1894, uye mutungamiri wayo wokutanga waiva Dimitri Vikelas. Pari kuti rinoumbwa 100 nhengo, 32 honorary nhengo uye 1 nhengo kukudzwa. The Committee ndiye simba mukuru yeOlympic Movement wenyika ano.

Chii IOC?

The International Olympic Committee anoronga Olympic Games uye Youth Olympic Games ano kuitika zhizha nechando makore mana ose. Wokutanga Olympic Games, vakarongwa maererano IOC, Olympic Games yaiitwa munyika, muAtene, muna 1896. Winter Olympics kokutanga munhoroondo yevanhu (muGirisi yekare havana vakabata chando Games) wakaitwa muna 1924 muna chamonix, iri kuchamhembe kweFrance. Kusvikira 1992, ivo vaviri Games yaiitirwa chete gore. The Committee akabva atamira yeOlympic Winter Games kunyange makore pakati muzhizha kunobatsira varongi vose zviitiko kutungamirira zviito zvavo uye havapindiri nemumwe, uyewo kuvandudza dzemari IOC, iyo anogamuchira mari huru Olympic makore. Wokutanga Summer Youth Olympic Games dzakaitwa Singapore muna 2010, uye chando wokutanga - muna Innsbruck muna 2012.

Chii mureza of International Olympic Committee?

IOC mureza kunosanganisira maringi mashanu (matatu pamusoro uye vaviri pazasi). Vari zvakanyatsobatana. mhete neimwe ine yayo ruvara: yebhuruu, dema, mutsvuku, yellow uye girini. Vose dzinomirira kumakondinendi mashanu Earth. IOC mureza ane chena background.

IOC Mission

Basa iri International Olympic Committee, maererano ayo bumbiro magwaro, ndiko kusimudzira yeOlympic vatambi munyika nekusimudzira Olympic Movement. Anofanira kuita zvinotevera:

• tiine kwakakwana uye hurongwa Kugadzirwa mutambo yose, kukurudzira zvose pamusoro nyika;
• kupa Games maererano ine wakaiswa nepurogiramu;
• pamwe nomazvo paruzhinji kana voga masangano uye masimba;
• varwe chero vakaedza kuzvidza Olympic Movement;
• kukunda kusarurwa kwevanhukadzi mumutambo nyika, kuchengetedza kuenzana varume nevakadzi.

IOC

Session of International Olympic Committee - Nde sangano seboka utariri muviri. Ari kuenda kamwe pagore. Pakutevedzera musimboti wakaenzana mavhoti, umo nhengo imwe neimwe ine chimwe chete vhoti. dzimbahwe IOC muna wekuLausanne ndiyo yepamutemo vakatozodzokera pachirongwa.

Zvinoshamisa Zvirongwa anganzi kubudikidza kana purezidhendi kana 1/3 yacho zvachose nhengo. Zvisinei, Regulation inoti kuti zvasarudzwa IOC kutora kazhinji uye buda.

Pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, IOC chechikamu kodzero:

• dzinotevedzera kana natsiridza yeOlympic Charter.
• vasanangurwa nhengo IOC, iyo Honorary President uye Honorary Members.
• vasanangurwa ari President, Vice-Tourism uye dzimwe nhengo dzose IOC Executive Board.
• vasanangurwa hondo guta Olympic Games.

chinokudza

Kuwedzera aikwikwidzana Olympic Medals ndedzinotevera IOC mibayiro:

1. Trophy IOC President. Ko soro mutsauko paakavapa ne vatambi vanenge yepamusoro mumutambo wavo, akanga ane kujairika basa uye akanga anoyevedza kukanganisa mutambo wavo.

2. Pierre de Coubertin menduru. Paakavapa kune vatambi vanoratidza rinokosha mweya mutambo servicesactiopurge. Vazhinji kare vakafunga kuti nokuti IOC ari pamutemo vachizviti Olympic Medals, asi hazvisi.

3. Olympic Cup. Paakavapa kune masangano kana shamwari ichitoratidza zvemashoko uye mupiro yezviri kukura Olympic kufamba.

4. Olympic Order. Paakavapa kune vanhu kuti hunoshamisa mupiro kuna Olympic kufamba. Iye chakatsiva Olympic Certificate aivapo kare.

Nhengo iri IOC

Kwemakore akawanda, nyika iyo akaumba yose nemamiriro IOC, akatuma nhengo mbiri kuna IOC. Gare gare, murayiro zvakatanga kuchinja zvishoma nezvishoma. Somugumisiro, Nheyo paumbwe sarudzo matare eDare dzivakwe munyika pakati nhengo dzavo.

Kugumiswa nhengo

Nhengo iri IOC wakagumiswa anotevera nyaya:

1. kurizaina. IOC nhengo anogona vanodimbura masimba ake nokupa chiziviso yokusiya kuna President zvakanyorwa.

2. Kusavapo kunenge sarudzo. IOC nhengo hunoguma kuva, pasina humwe kuchechi kana asina kuzodzosera akasarudzwa.

3. Kuita kufadza zera. IOC nhengo rinopera masimba pakupera kwegore, panguva yaakanga asvika makore 80.

4. Dzinovarambidza kubatanidzwa purogiramu makore maviri akatevedzana.

5. Change dzokugara kana citizenship.

6. Vanhu vakasarudzwa kutoshanda Vamhanyi regai kuva nhengo IOC Vatambi 'Commission, kana ndatomboenda pamudyandigere.

7. The President of IOC uye mukuru utariri zvinzvimbo mukati NOCs, nyika kana shamwari Continental kuti NOCs, IFS uye zvichingodaro, kupururudza masimba ayo kuzivikanwa IOC chisarudzo.

8. Kunze: IOC nhengo anogona kudzingwa nokuda chisarudzo yechirongwa kana akatengesa mhiko yake kana kana Session inokurukura kuti iye hanya zvinodiwa IOC kana nemaune zvinovapa pangozi, kana akaita nenzira kukodzera kuti nhengo IOC.

mari IOC

Mukutanga kwema1980 Olympic mitambo zvikurukuru hakunei mari kubva chete tsime - the zvibvumirano pamwe US terevhizheni Makambani kuzivisa Olympic Games. Pashure sarudzo yake purezidhendi IOC muna 1980, Juan Antonio Samaranch vakacherechedza munjodzi iyi, uye vari zano Horst Dassler, Adidas womumhuri, yakasarudza nokuparura munyika yokutengesa zvirongwa IOC. Samaranch akagadza Canadian IOC nhengo Richarda Paunda sachigaro IOC Commission "New manyuko mari."

Muna 1982, boka Swiss zvemitambo yokutengesa kambani ISL Marketing kwakasimbiswa munyika yokutengesa purogiramu IOC nokuda Olympic Movement. ISL yakabudirira yakatanga chirongwa, asi zvatsiviwa imwe utariri kambani yacho Meridian, iyo pamwe muridzi ne IOC kubvira kumavambo kuma1990.

Muna 1989 mumwe tsvimbo ISL Marketing Maykl Peyn akabatana IOC uye akazova mutungamiriri wokutanga kumusika nokuti sangano. Zvisinei, ISL uye zvadaro Meridian airidza zvakadaro basa rinokosha kuwedzera rokutengesa kumusika nokuti 2002 nevamiririri. Kwemakore 17, ari pamwe chete ISL uye zvadaro pamwe Meridian, Payne mupiro mukuru nokuumba multibillion emadhora kutsigira nemari yokutengesa chirongwa, iyo, pamwe kuvandudzika kuti TV yokutengesa uye kuvandudza zvemari utariri, yakabatsira kudzorera mari chinhanho of IOC. Olympics vakatanga kuuya anodzoka makuru. Muna 2002, Dare kuti murambane pamwe Meridian ndokunanga kwayo yokutengesa chirongwa achitungamirirwa Timo Lummen, Managing Director Marketing mabasa.

zvakaoma

The Olympic Movement anogamuchira kwemari kuburikidza nezvirongwa zvikuru shanu. The International Olympic Committee (IOC) Vanotarisira nhepfenyuro kudyidzana uye World Program pakati kutsigira nemari Olympic Movement. The kuronga komiti kuti kurapa kure negungwa Sponsors, tikiti rokutengesa uye zvirongwa kutyora pahondo nyika vari pasi utungamiriri IOC. Olympics anogamuchira mari akasanganiswa anopfuura $ 4 bhiriyoni. Zvinopupura zvokungoitawo nguva - mabhiriyoni 2,5 emadhora kwemari munguva Olympic yemakore mana kubva 2001 kusvika 2004. Zvakaoma kubvuma kuti ndiye IOC anogamuchira kwemakore 4 years, asi yokutengesa wavo anoita kuunza zvinokosha zvikomborero.

kwemari kugova

IOC allocates chikamu mari yose Olympic Movement masangano kutsigira kugadzirira uye kunhaka of Olympic Games uye kusimudzira kukura mutambo munyika yose. The International Olympic Committee anoramba vanenge 10% of kwemari kubva Olympic Marketing kuti operative uye administrative mari.

National Olympic Committees

NOCs kutsigirwa nemari kudzidziswa uye pave Olympic zvikwata, Olympic vatambi uye ramangwana vatambi. The sangano anovapavhurira zveminda pakati Committees pose. The Committee kunoitawo kuti Olympic nhepfenyuro, pave Olympic kubatana, uyewo mamwe Olympic zvirongwa, dzinoratidzwa mukuru kudiwa mari.

Olympic yokutengesa kubudirira uye kuguma zvibvumirwano pamusoro Olympic nhepfenyuro akabvumira sangano kutsigira rakawedzera kuti NOCs nomumwe Olympic quadrennial kutenderera.

International Olympic Sports nemisanganiswa (IFS)

IOC ndiye kupfuura panobva mari nokuda vakawanda IFS pari, somupiro wayo mari yose sangano MSF anobatsira kukura nhengo mitambo yose. IOC anotitsigira zvemari, kutanga IFS 28 Olympic mitambo chirimo uye kuzviuraya 7 IFS mitambo yechando Olympic (anotanga ukuwo, pashure pokupedza inotevera kutenderera zhizha nechando Olympic Games). The nokusingaperi-kukura kukosha Olympic nhepfenyuro Kudyidzana akabvumira IOC kuti substantially kuwedzera rubatsiro rwemari kuti IFS nomumwe tevererana Games.

mamwe masangano

The sangano rinokurudzira kutora chikamu zveminda ayo mapurogiramu-siyana vakaziva dzomunyika mitambo masangano, kusanganisira International Paralympic Committee uye World Anti-Doping Agency (Wada). Kazhinji vanoita zvakafanana mirayiridzo, zvisinei zvinoitika uye kurwisana. Somuenzaniso, kusiyana pakati Wada uye IOC pamusoro kubvuma chikwata wokuRussia servicesactiopurge-2016 (ichi dzichakurukurwa pazasi).

Sponsors

IOC ane vakawanda vaipa, izvo zvinopa, Inter Alia, mamwe kwemari sangano. Zvezvisarudzo anozivikanwa ndiwo:

• "Coca-cola";
• "Bridgestone";
• "General Electric";
• "McDonald kuti";
• "Panasonic";
• "Procter & Gamble";
• "Samsung";
• "Toyota";
• "Visa".

Uyewo chikamu kutsigira nemari inobva kutsigirwa National Olympic Committees.

Vakatozodzokera of 1976 yeOlympic

Pakutanga kubata 1976 Olympics kwakauraya maguta zvinotevera:

1. Denver, Colorado, USA.

2. Ziyoni, Switzerland.

3. muTampere, Finland.

4. Vancouver, Canada.

Pakutanga, guta Mitambo akasarudzwa Denver May 12, 1970. Zvisinei, achifumira mari uye kunetseka pamusoro nemigumisiro zvakatipoteredza (kuwedzera youtano 3 times) kwakaita kuti chokwadi chokuti November 7, 1972 vagari ehurumende kunge rakavhotera waive Nemitambo, nekuti zvimwe zvinodiwa chisungo nyaya iri uwandu $ 5 miriyoni nokuda mari kuti paruzhinji mari.

Denver pamutemo akaramba ari 15 November, uye ipapo Committee zvinganaka mutambo muna Whistler (British Columbia, Canada), asi naivowo vakaramba nemhaka kuchinja hurumende pashure sarudzo.

Salt Lake City (Utah) muna 1972 akazvipa somunhu zvinogona hondo Games pashure pokuramba Denver (pakupedzisira, sezvo tichiziva, vakatora Games muna 2002). The International Olympic Committee, achiri kushushikana kukundikana Denver, ndakasarudza Innsbruck (Austria) nokuti Winter Olympic Games muna 1976. Tisati kuti Innsbruck akaita vaipinda ari 1964 Winter Olympic Games.

Chigumbuso kuna Olympic Games 2002 Salt Lake City

Njodzi December 10, 1998, apo nhengo Swiss dzesangano Marc Hodler, musoro gozvo komiti kutarisira sangano Olympic Games-2002, vakazivisa kuti nhengo IOC dzakawanda vakagamuchira fufuro. Nokukurumidza, ina akazvimiririra kuferefeta dzave kuitwa nemasangano akasiyana: asi IOC, ivo USOC, US Department of Justice.

kuongorora Executives Oxley Welch uye Johnson pamberi basa. dzimwe nhengo dzakawanda IOC nokukurumidza. The Ministry of Justice ndiye kudare mhosva vatungamiriri: vaida kupa mumwe makore gumi namashanu mhosva evanoita zvepfumbamuromo uye kubiridzira. Johnson uye Welch takazobhabhatidzwa kurangwa vose mhosva muna December 2003.

Somugumisiro kuferefeta kwenhengo gumi IOC vakadzingwa uye mumwe gumi vakanga pasi zvirango siyana. Rakanga Kusara wokutanga kana nokuiswa zvirango kuti uori kwemakore anopfuura zana makore kuvapo Committee. Kunyange zvazvo pasina mukanyatsochengeta pamutemo zvaitwa, zvakanga zvava kuita sokuti achitora fufuro akanga dzinomutsa mubvunzo. Strict mitemo vave vakagamuchirwa nokuda mafomu yemberi, uye kusimbisa nhengo zhinji IOC aigona kugamuchira vachiriita kuti mitambo.

dzimwe kuzvipokanidza

Muna 2006, maererano mushumo gavhuna Nagano (Japan), mamiriyoni emadhora earmarked yeOlympic, rave apedza muchimiro "pamutemo uye kunyanya pamwero vaeni" nhengo Committee, kusanganisira $ mamiriyoni 4.4 vavo varaidzo. Izvi zvakateverwa kuongorora nyaya yacho uye kudzingwa vanoverengeka Member States.

Mapoka akawanda dzakawanda anodzivisa yeOlympic muna Beijing, mururamisire nayo chokuti nyika ine zvakawanda chaizvo kodzero dzavo. About izvi anoti akabata dzakawanda hearings, asi pakupedzisira akaita okuti Olympic Games 2008 ichaitwa muna Beijing.

Muna 2010, International Olympic Committee akanga paakavapa rinokosha mubayiro. Zvinonzi paakavapa kuti yakaipisisa uye "zvinonyangadza" masangano chepamusoro munyika.

Pamberi pakutanga Olympic Games muna 2012, Dare vakasarudza kubata miniti Kunyarara kukudza kuyeuka 11 Israeli Olympians avo vakaurayiwa muna Munich yeOlympic makore 40 akapfuura. Zhak Rogge, kuti IOC mutungamiri panguva, akati zvaizova "kukodzera" kuzviita, izvo zvakakonzera yakafarikana pachena resonance.

doping wokupomera

Uyezve, somugumisiro rinozivikanwa doping chinyadzo chakaitika July 2016 pamusoro migumisiro yezvidzidzo World Anti-Doping Association, mushumo nyanzvi American uye wenhau McLaren, uyewo zvisarudzo pamusoro Sports kuyananisa Court, iyo IOC kusarudza rudzi chikwata Russian akapotsa abviswa Olympic Games in Rio de -Zhaneyro. IOC musangano muna wekuLausanne dzakaguma dzava chavakaona utsinye ezvinhu kuti kubvuma vokuRussia servicesactiopurge uye vatambi vose akaendesa chikwata yose, vose vaya vakatora dope, uye vaya vakanga vasina kubatanidzwa muzvinhu zvose izvi.