Chii mitambo. History of Theater Arts

Nhoroondo pamusoro chinoshamisa chepanzvimbo uri yakatanga kare. Ngatitii nenguva vokunda uranda uye vasina dzidzo. Asi vanhu vanoziva chii yemitambo. Kukura kubva pakadzika refu yevanhu, avo midzi, achipinda zvakavanzika yekare zvavo vakawanda mitambo, kufara uye mitambo. Yomuka ichi hwaro kwakajairika chepuraimari zviito enyambo uye njodzi hunhu (akadai Saturnalia, zvakavanzika) zvaiva zvinhu yenhoroondo (ari rengano chakagadzirwa) Zano zvaisanganisira kutamba, nhaurirano, nziyo choral, mummers, masiki. Zvishoma nezvishoma zvakaitika uye nekupatsanurwa matanho kuti dzechitendero zvigadziko, voga kubva vazhinji vatambi korasi, vachichinja mutambo gobvu rinokosha mune akaronga mutambo. izvi zvose rwakagadzirira nzira chidzoke munhu kufarira kwakadaro yose mabhuku mutambo. Kutevedzerwa dismemberment dzevateereri vatambi kwakaratidza inokosha evanhu kushanda ichi unyanzvi fomu.

Izvi zviri pachena kwakunoitwa yemitambo Ancient Greece, iyo yaiva kwakabatsira yezviri kukura European art. Muguta-inoti, akava musoro unokosha munzanga upenyu. Ndeipi yemitambo muGirisi yekare? ipapo kumifananidzo zvakanga zvakakurumbira mutambo guru. Panguva hombe, yakakura dzemitambo pasi pakachena pedenga, kuenda rose makumi ezviuru vaoni pandakanzwa. Kuwedzera aivapo nyanzvi vatambi vaigona kuridza kubva pfungwa uye vagari - nhengo kwaya pachayo. Dance uye mumhanzi aikosha, chikuru zvinhu zvakaitwa.

Ndeipi yemitambo muRoma yekare? Pane Kunotangwa maziso kufanorongwa vazhinji zvesimba, kunyange kuchinja mhando chiitiko, yakawedzera nyanzvi theatre zvokushandisa, une nekuve zvesimba (mumhanzi nokutamba chiseko pamusoro rengano nyaya - pantomime, iyo yakasvika munguva iri Empire kaiva, kusvikira 5 ari kupfuura. munhu akakurumbira chinoshamisa chepanzvimbo Genre).

European yemitambo kuMiddle Ages kushanda havasisipo. Uilyam Shekspir uye vashoma playwrights ari XV remakore. akararamazve izvozvo. Zvadaro, pasina chaakasiya airidza kuedzesera vakomana nevarume. Actress akatanga kuoneka yakakurumbira Italian troupes kuti famba nevatambi avo vairidza mutambo "Chinangwa taide" (diki enyambo kutamba pamwe kwairayirwa Kupinda pamusoro Masiki pazvinhu).

Humanistic tsika Renaissance wakamutsiridzwa yekare netsika chinoshamisa chepanzvimbo uri, kuabatanidza ane akapfuma tsika pevairwara National nhaka. Mune Mitambo yakakurumbira playwrights nenguva kunoratidza nhoroondo enyika uye magariro chakasimba kurwisana.

Kuwedzera yemitambo chokuita yezviri kufambiswa classicism, inova nyika paruzhinji - nenzvimbo zvimwe absolutist hwoudzvinyiriri mune dzimwe nyika dzomuEurope. vatambi basa raiva kusika kunzwisisa mufananidzo gamba Unokunda munyaya dzomunyika matambudziko uye vatsungirire pachake musiyano pakati zvinodiwa paruzhinji uye pasiri zvido. Modern matambudziko nguva iyi yakawanikwa sezvo husingaoneki uye kwose chinokosha hunhu. Ndizvo munhandare yemitambo classicism.

In yechipiri yezana remakore rechi18, yakava chikuru semuromo pfungwa nokukurumidza Bourgeois Kujekerwa. Mune art vatambi nguva yakanaka citizenship anonyatsorayiridzwa pamwe nechido chakasimba kusika mutsva RUBATSIRO RUNOTARISA, aine kufarira nhoroondo yechokwadi.

Romanticism vakava zvinotarisirwa kuDemocratic zvavo uye humanistic zvinangwa. Vachitungamirirwa mureza munguva iyi mumutambo zvinopindura zvakakomba Zvinotambudza pachake chemufananidzo classicism - rudzi, historicism, zvitupa.

Realism, iyo wakagadzirwa yemitambo Kujekerwa, uye ipapo romanticism, akatenga kwaye akazvimirira siyana vari 30-40gg. 19. uye uchisvika rokumusoro hune nzvimbo ne mid-remakore.

Mumazuva ano yemitambo akaita kwetunhu vazhinji unyanzvi siyana, zvinetso zvomunzanga uye manzwiro - mupfungwa pachisara tsika nemaonero, zviri kunetsa kukurumidzirwa, rakavimbika uye zvokufananidzira ruzivo uye chokudzingwa, lyrics uye satire. Zvose izvi anouya kupfuura ushingiwo uye zvisingatarisirwi mubatanidzwa. Chii yemitambo nguva yedu? Izvi raidudzwa katsika kutaura rakawedzera mabasa mifananidzo kuzoponesa inokosha zvinoyevedza nzira dzavo meaningfulness. Nhasi, mifananidzo uku Handingambofungi pasina mutungamiriri. Uyewo chinokosha zvino urinzire zvakagadzirwa.