Chii tsandanyama pfungwa? ukoshi hwayo

Vashoma vedu kufunga tsandanyama pfungwa uye anohupa asina kukosha. Zvichakadai, akavonga kwaari, kunyange nameso ake akavhara, murume pachena anonzwa chii chinzvimbo spatial ukama ndiwo rwake - nayo ndeyokubvisa kana tilted kumusoro nzvimbo iri muviri wake - Iye agere kana anomira. Kwakadaro chengetedzo kufamba rinosundwa chinokosha basa proprioceptors marairirwo ari tsandanyama, vadyi capsules, nemarunda, paganda. Ngationei zvinodzidziswa tsandanyama mupfungwa.

A rinokosha ruzivo

The kunzwisisa pakati nezvekufadza, izvo kuitika nokuda mashandiro ari zvetsandanyama nemapfupa ino muviri, akadana tsandanyama pfungwa. Pfungwa iyi chakaunzwa kushandiswa I. M. Sechenovym. Scientific vaizviti kuti, somuenzaniso, somunhu kufamba kukosha kwete chete kutekenyedzwa ari makumbo kutaura pamusoro, asi vanonzi tsandanyama nezvekufadza kuti pematanho rutapudzo of unoenderana nhengo.

Pakurapa mubvunzo zvinotaura tsandanyama mupfungwa, I. M. Sechenovym akapiwa se rinokosha yomunhu Kuziva nzvimbo-nguva ukama hwake zvakavapoteredza.

Muscular pfungwa, iye akaisa chinokosha basa iri murau nemafambiro. Iye chiratidzo, dzaanoridza basa regulators anotevera, nemhaka iyo munhu anogona kuenzanisa zvinhu, kuita nyore kushanda ongororo uye kwetunhu.

"Dark" kunzwa

Muscular pfungwa munhu anonzi "rima" uye zvikuru kwenguva yakareba haina kuparadzaniswa kubva tactile, haptic kureva zvose pfungwa. Nokudaro, wepfungwa William James akasimbisa yokunyanyisa Kusanyatsoziva pfungwa. Sezvo hazvisi pachena chii pamusoro - pamusoro residual manzwiro postures kana kufamba kana mamwe efferent nomunhu akatumira muuropi.

Uye zvirokwazvo, kazhinji, vanhu havazivi basa tsandanyama, asi chete kufamba. Nezvekufadza noruzivo kana ichifamba, kuramba chairo mamiriro, sunga pamusoro pahuro zvinokonzera, kana kushandisa dzimwe nhengo dzomuviri, asiri akaziva.

kinaesthesia

Panguva kwezana XIX uye XX emakore pamusoro wenyaya yaingova kukamura uchishandisa nyaya kuti tsandanyama Mupfungwa uye sei kuti vanokurondedzera. Wetsinga Henry Charlton Bastian pfungwa iyi, kana paakanyora, "pfungwa kufamba", rakazoshandiswa kuratidza shoko "kinaesthesia".

Under proprioception ndakanzwisisa uropi anogona kuziva ichi- kufamba uye mamiriro tsandanyama uye ayo siyana. Mano ichi runowanikwa proprioceptors kuti atumire nomunhu kuuropi parutivi mapfundo, nemarunda uye tsandanyama.

Mumutauro nesayenzi, shoko rakava zvakasimba zvakakwana uye kunyange chamuita kuti chidzoke vanoverengeka rinobva pfungwa dzakadai kinesthetic tsitsi, kinesthetic mufaro kinesthetic fungidziro, izvo zvinonzwisiswa sezvo kusunungurwa zvatinosiita uye mureza nzira kufamba uye Kugona kufamba "zviitiko" itsva.

proprioreceptors

How kunzwisisa kuti tsandanyama mupfungwai?

Kuziva nzvimbo uye kufamba tsandanyama dzomuviri uye siyana chokuita nokushanda chaiwo proprioceptors - tsinga harinzwi riri panguva musculo-articular hurongwa. Dzavo excitation makakatanwa kana tsandanyama marwadzo kupomba rwunotumirwa receptors pamusoro etsinga fibers nechepakati tsinga. Kunoitawo kuti munhu haana kudzora kufamba zvavo vasingadzoreki, kuchinja muviri chinzvimbo kana mamiriro, runoita chaiwo kufamba nomunwe kubata muromo mhino.

anonongedzera izvi zvinokosha chaizvo kuti muviri dzidziso iri muchadenga. Pasina navo, vanhu havana kukwanisa kuita chero kwakarongeka kufamba. Muscular pfungwa iri vanhu ounyanzvi hwokugadzira akadai chiremba, asi mutyairi, a violinist, mumwe Pianist, mumwe draftsman, Turner nevamwe vazhinji, inoita basa rinokosha. Chaiwo pamutemo nomunhu kuvapa mukana kuti kunanga uye chaiwo kufamba.

Munhu vanoziva, nguva dzose anonzwa pusa kana rinoita mamiriro zvikamu zvavo yemuviri kwebasa mapfundo. Vakatsunga zvakarurama kwazvo nemishonga nechimwe nemafambiro avo. kugona kwakadaro inonzi proprioception pamwe sezvo nhengo proprioceptive kurudziro (Kanotokonya) haisi kuuya kubva kwokunze ezvinhu uye kubva muviri pachawo. Kazhinji kunzi zvakadzama nehanya. Izvi imhaka yokuti vazhinji receptors iri extracutaneous hurongwa: mune tsandanyama, mapfundo dzavo capsules, nemarunda, nemarunda, periosteum, fascia.

Musculoarticular kunzwa kuburikidza proprioceptive zvinoita munhu kuva pfungwa chinzvimbo muviri wangu muchadenga, uyewo nepfungwa simba uye sangano. Chokutanga ndechokuti anenge asina pasi kwadzakabva uye anotakura ruzivo pamusoro chii angled pari mumwe vadyi, uye, naizvozvovo, zvose magumo nzvimbo. Kunzwa rwokufamba unokubvumira kunzwisisa mirayiridzo uye kumhanya kwebasa mapfundo. Panguva iyoyowo vanhu vane tsandanyama marwadzo zvakaenzana anobvuma vanoshingaira uye pusa chiito. Chikumbaridzo manzwisisire kufamba kunobva amplitude uye velocity pamusoro flexion angled kuchinja.

Kunzwa simba kuongorora tsandanyama simba, iyo inodiwa kuti kufamba kana kuti kuomerera majoini imwe nzvimbo.

Zvichireva tsandanyama pfungwa

Nokuti murume mhasuru-vagari pfungwa zviri zvikuru. Kunoitawo kuti tiwane kodzero zvinhu uye kuona nzvimbo muviri muchadenga nemaziso yakavharwa. Muscular pfungwa kunobatsira kuziva mukanyiwa uye bhuku zvinhu, kugadzira anokunyengedzera kuongorora kufamba kwavo Kufambisa. kukosha kwayo anowedzera kunyanya kuwa kana kurasikirwa.

Zvaipesana tsandanyama-vadyi pfungwa, dysfunction pakati injini analyzer achitungamirira chokwadi kuti munhu anorasikirwa zvakarurama masangano. gait wake shaky uye hahuna chokwadi, anorasikirwa kunyatsofunga. Vanhu vane zvinetso zvakadaro spatial wezwi kushanda vanonzi pedyo regulator inozviita zvaakaratidzwa.

Muscular pfungwa weightlessness

Muscular pfungwa pane munhu nzvimbo ndege isipo. Mune hauremi mamiriro umo simba kudyidzana miviri pasina rutsigiro, dzidziso yacho spatial ukama panoonekwa kuona maonero uye kutarisana kupima.

Experience orbital Vols nokubuda pakati unsupported nzvimbo muchadenga kunoongorora yaratidza kuti munhu anokwanisa kuchinja mamiriro kujairika akadaro kwaari. Pakati pfungwa iye ane zvimwe ukama. The huru kukosha ndivo tactile, musculo-articular nezvekufadza maziso zvishoma shoma mugumisiro anonzi akataurwa zvichiratidza parutivi otolith mudziyo. kushanda gadziriro yakadaro yakaderera kugadzikana analyzers.

In mishoni yemberi muchadenga kunoongorora uye kure kutsigira isina nzvimbo hakurevi kudzivirira kubata spatial nekuvhiri- ngika uye neunyengedzi. Ndokusaka dambudziko yomunhu dzidziso iri muchadenga iwayo akakodzera.