History of tangi kweShanduro USSR uye dzimwe nyika

Start tangi budiriro yakatangwa panguva World War First. Katyamadza motokari vomunguva akaoneka pamusoro Western Front. Kurwisana pakati Germany, France, uye Great Britain kwemakore anoverengeka akaramba positional. Varwi vakagara pasi pemigero, uye mutsetse pamberi iri anenge asina ichifamba. Kupaza mafungiro muvengi huripo zvivako zvakanga zvisingatomboiti. Yakawanda uye kumanikidzwa anofamba inifanduri haana kupa achida mugumisiro. Nhoroondo tangi kukura akatanga kuonga yeBritain. Zvakanga ivo vaiva vokutanga kushandisa vasina analogues kuzvidzora propelled michina.

United Kingdom

Yokutanga British tangi Mark yandapinda 1916, apo mumwe muenzaniso experimental kusunungurwa uwandu 100 yetsiva dzakabatana. muenzaniso uyu aiva okunatsiridza maviri: ane zvigwagwagwa uye cannons. Nhoroondo tangi kukura yakatanga "tsika inoita akakwana". Mark Ndaiva isashande. In Hondo Somme kwepfuti ake kugona kundorwa German pfuti emplacements.

Pasinei chokwadi kuti matangi ivavo vakanga vasina kukwana, vakaratidza kuti idzva mhando chombo ane zvakakomba tarisiro. Uyezve, muenzaniso wokutanga akatungamirira mauto eGermany ndamboona zvakadai izvi nokutya. Naizvozvo Mark ndaishandisa zvakawanda sezvinoita chombo zvepfungwa pane kurwa.

In zvachose, "mhuri" ichi British akazviratidza zvivezwa mapfumbamwe. Zvinokosha mberi Yakati Mark V. Akamuka mana nokukurumidza yedzimudzangara uye rinokosha tangi injini pasi zita "Ricardo". Rakanga muenzaniso wokutanga, izvo akakwanisa chete munhu mumwe. Pane dzimwe shanduko. Kumashure ane mamwe pfuti, uye kwakawedzera kabhini wavarwi.

France

British kubudirira kunge akafemera French vatsigiri mberi kuedza. Nhoroondo tangi kukura chikwereti zvikuru kuti muenzaniso "Renault FT-17." The French regai muna 1917-1918. (It akasunungurwa anenge 4000 muzvikamu). Musi FT-17 kunyatsoshanda inoti kanenge yokuti vakaramba kushandisa kunyange pakutanga Second World War (makore maviri kuti tangi-kuvaka - iri guru nguva).

Chii anotsanangura abudirire zvakadaro, "Reno"? Chokwadi kuti tangi rokutanga kuti waiva chaiwo marongerwo. Kudzora muchina rikaparadzirwa kubva mberi kwayo. Pakati aiva yetsiva mupanda. It dzichengeterwe shure injini mupanda. Kwakadaro hwokugadzira uye ergonomic mhinduro ndiyo yakanakisisa akavhura revarwi zvinogona FT-17. Nhoroondo tangi kukura kunge zvakasiyana kana kwete muchina uyu. dzakaitika Most funga izvozvo anobudirira zvikuru muenzaniso rinoshandiswa World War First.

United States

An American tangi kukura akatanga kuonga kuitwa General Dzhona Pershinga. Raakasvika Europe muna 1917 pamwe expeditionary ehondo USA, pashure vakazivisa hondo pamusoro Germany. Kunyatsoziva vatsigiri ruzivo, unyanzvi hwavo uye positional hondo, iyo isingataurwi vanofungidzirwa muUnited States, kuti mukuru akatanga kutsvaka nyaya dzehondo kutungamirirwa wake kutarisirwa.

The US Army yave kutenga "Reno" French uye kushandisa navo hondo Verdun. vagadziri American, kugamuchira dzimwe motokari, vakabata zvishomanana nadzurudzo. Pashure peHondo Yenyika I warrior US mauto emauto akadzingwa mabasa nokuda mutengo. Ipapo makore mashoma US mauto haana mari chero kuvaka michina mitsva. Yakanga chete 1930s. Wekutanga ndokusvika experimental muenzaniso warwo kugadzirwa. Yaiva M1931 (T11 kurwa machine). Hazvina zvinoona, asi experimental basa akapa American vagadziri zvinodiwa zvokudya kufunga vasati kumwe kutsvakurudza.

Evolution of American Michina yave nemhuru nokuda Depression Great, rakakomba zunzai upfumi. Serious mari nokuti mainjiniya uye vagadziri kuuya chete pamwe pakutanga kweHondo Yenyika II, apo hurumende akaona kuti zvimwe varege havazokwanisi kugara kubva mugungwa, uye kutumira mauto Europe.

Muna 1941 wakazviratidza "ari M3 Stuart". Izvi tangi chiedza yakabudiswa muna uwandu 23 zviuru dzakabatana. Izvi zvinyorwa zviri mukirasi vakanga vachigere kuputswa. Nhoroondo nyika haazivi zvakawanda tangi mienzaniso kugadzirwa zvakadai zvizhinji. "Stuart" haisi chete kushandiswa US Army, asiwo kusvitsa dzairwisa: United Kingdom, France, China uye Soviet Union pasi Zvipire-Lease.

Germany

Mauto warrior muGermany dzakabuda chete munguva iri Third Reich. Chibvumirano Versailles, kuguma World War First, vokuGermany akarambidza kutanga kwavo hondo-kufanira Park. Naizvozvo, panguva yacho neWeimar Republic, avo michina Germany aiva. Uye chete akauya simba muna 1933, vaNazi hyped uto flywheel. Pakutanga chiedza Matangi zvakabudiswa pasi achinyepera nematarakita anofamba. Zvisinei, akabatanidza manakiro zviremera German nokukurumidza kubuda yokuvanda. Kana kufanana kwakaita matangi nematarakita anofamba, kuti yakafanana tsika yaiva Soviet Union, apo ari 1930s. Rakanga yakawanda tarakita mafekitari vakavaka, kuti chiitiko yehondo nyore kuchinja pasi tangi.

Muna 1926, Germany uye USSR dzakasaina chibvumirano pasi izvo ramangwana vemauto vanachiremba German akatanga kurovedzwa mune chikoro chinokosha pedyo Kazan. Gare gare marangwanda ichi vakatanga kusika unyanzvi pamba. Akava wokutanga tangi German Panzer I. muenzaniso Uyu hwaro nokuda German rengarava.

By pakutanga Second World War muGermany aiva matangi anopfuura zviuru zvitatu, uye vanopfuura zviuru zvina motokari yakanga dzirambe pamberi yakarwisa Soviet Union riri Eastern Front oga. VokuGermany kutanga rinorema michina inoshandiswa sezvo kurwisa. Vazhinji SS Panzer Division akagamuchira zita ( "Das Reich", "Totenkopf" uye zvichingodaro. D.). Vazhinji vavo vakaparadzwa. Total nokuti hondo yacho Third Reich chakarasikirwa vanenge zviuru 35 motokari. Chinokosha German svikiro tangi aiva "Panther", uye rinorema - ". Tiger"

USSR

Pakati pezana remakore 1920s. nhoroondo Soviet tangi kukura rakatanga. Wokutanga kugadzirwa muenzaniso Soviet Union akava MS-1 (rimwe zita - T-18). Vasati kuti, pane dzinoshandiswa Red Army vakanga chete vakatapa michina vakabata munguva yehondo. basa iri mazano rinorema tangi nzvimbo dzakarongwa With kutanga kwenyika. Vakatsaukirako 1925, apo pashure musangano iri Red Army, mauto akasarudza kutumira zvose zvinhu kuumba chiduku maneuverable muenzaniso. Zvino raiva MS-1, akasikwa 1927

Munguva pfupi pakanga mamwe matangi Soviet. Pakazosvika 1933, yakatangwa kugadzirwa chiedza T-26 uye Bt, tankettes T-27, T-28 svikiro inoremerwa T-35. Kuitwa vakashinga kuedza. Nhoroondo Soviet tangi kugadzirwa kutanga 1930s. pakataurwa pakuvaka Dzinogara pose mumvura nepanyika matangi. Vakanga vakapa yokutevedzera of T-37. Michina iyi vane sikuruwa zvachose itsva. Its chinhu anoramba mashizha vaiva. Kana uchifamba yerera wavanotipa shure kumusoro.

History of tangi kweShanduro USSR kwaizova kukwana pasina svikiro tangi T-28. Pamusana kwavari, zvakakwanisika Qualitative nokusimbaradza aibatanidza maoko dzakabatana. T-28 akanga achida kurega kuzvidzivirira zvinzvimbo nomuvengi. The tangi airema matani 28 uye zviri pachena kuti mvura yaro yakaita rusvingo kugadzwa zvombo (pfuti uye zvitatu zvigwagwagwa vaivamo) vakamira.

Muna 1933-1939 gg. kugadzirwa 50-peche T-35. It akasikwa ari kurwa motokari yokuwedzera unhu kurwiswa ari breakout kuti masvingo zvisungo. Panguva iyoyo, nhoroondo Soviet tangi kukura akapinda mutsva danho, nekuti ndicho chokutanga T-35 akamuka zvombo zvakawanda kudaro. Wakaisa Its peshongwe mashanu (shanu zvigwagwagwa matatu pfuti). Zvisinei, mune muenzaniso uyu, kwakanga zvainovhiringidzawo - zvikurukuru nenhetemwa uye murombo kuchengetedza pa makuru hukuru. Total vanogumurwa makumi vanoverengeka T-35. Vamwe vavo akashandiswa pamberi panguva kutanga kwekupwanyiwa Mukuru Patriotic War.

1930

Mune 30s wekupedzisira remakore kubudikidza mainjiniya eSoviet uye vagadziri uchipinda kuitwa kuedza chokuita pakasikwa vhiri-yakawana tangi. mudziyo kwakadaro rakaoma muchina chassis uye powertrain, asi mudzimba nyanzvi akakwanisa kutsungirira ose matambudziko akanangana navo. Panoperera pakati 1930s. Track avhareji tangi rakanga ramiswa, anozivikanwa somunhu T-32. Mune ramangwana, paiva chikuru nengano Soviet anoritsanangura. Tiri kutaura T-34.

Pausiku Mukuru Patriotic War, vagadziri vakawanda rinotarisa unhu maviri motokari: agility uye firepower. Zvisinei, zviri Spanish hondo yevagari mumakore 1936-1937 kwakaratidza kuti zvakakosha modernize uye zvimwe zvinhu. Chekutanga zvaidiwa dzokurwa kudzivirirwa uye atirari zvombo.

pfungwa kuchinja migumisiro vakanga pakarepo. Muna 1937 rakasvika T-111. Akava wokutanga Matangi Soviet vakapakata protivosnaryadnym dzokurwa. Chaiva chikuru budiriro, kwete chete nokuda kwezvipfuwo asiwo munyika yose indasitiri. Zvinoitwa T-111 zvakadai kuti chinangwa kutsigira inifanduri. Zvisinei, muenzaniso haina muhombodo vakawanda kugadzirwa zvakasiyana-siyana engineering zvikonzero. Zvakava dzisingashandi panyaya paungano uye disassembly zvikamu nokuda makavhara kuturika nezvimwe zvaidiwa muchina.

Light Matangi Soviet

Sezvineiwo, nhoroondo USSR uye Soviet tangi Matangi zvakasiyana vatorwa kusvikira zvemapapu matangi. Kwose kwose vaida nokuda kwezvikonzero zvemari. The Soviet Union yakanga chimwezve kukurudzira. Kusiyana nedzimwe nyika Soviet Union chiedza Matangi dzaishandiswa kwete chete nokuda ungwaru, asiwo zvakananga varwisane nemuvengi. Chinokosha michina Soviet iyi mhando zvave Bt uye T-26. Pamberi Kurwisa German, ivo chakaita kuti vakawanda Red Army of paki (chete yakavakwa anenge 20 zviuru muzvikamu).

Kuvaka itsva mienzaniso uye akaramba panguva Great Patriotic War. Muna 1941, yakanga yakagadzirwa ne T-70. tangi Izvi zvinonyanya kugadzirwa muhondo yose. Kudeuka mupiro kukunda zvaakaita mumakore Hondo Kursk.

After 1945

Chizvarwa chokutanga post-hondo Matangi vaya vane budiriro vakatanga muna 1941-1945 uye vasina kutanga kushanda panguva mberi. Uyu wokuenzanisira Soviet EC-3, EC-4, uyewo T-44 T-54. History of American tangi kugadzirwa iyi akasiya M47, "M26 Pershing" uye "M46 Patton." Nyaya idzi kunosanganisirawo UK "Weuto".

Lightweight yokutevedzera nokuda 1945, pakupedzisira akava zvikuru unyanzvi michina. Saka, muenzaniso Soviet PT-76 akasikirwa kurwisa mvura mamiriro, American "Walker bulldog" akasikwa kuti ubanguranyika, "Sheridan" rakagadzirirwa nyore senga ndege. Muna 1950-ies. kutsiva svikiro inoremerwa Matangi kuuya huru hondo Matangi (MBT). Saka akadana multi-chinangwa womuenzaniso, tichibatanidza dziviriro zvakanaka uye firepower. Vokutanga Boka iri vakatanga Soviet T-62 uye T-55 uye French AMX-30. History of US tangi kugadzirwa raiva zvokuti kirasi huru yehondo Matangi iri US yakatanga M60A1 uye M48.

chizvarwa chechipiri post-hondo

Muna 1960-1970-ies akauya nenguva chizvarwa yechipiri post-hondo matangi. Chii chinosiyanisa kubva zvavo vamutangira? The mhando itsva zvakagadzirirwa ne mainjiniya, chokutanga, vakapiwa kuvapo imwe yepamusoro Anti-upgraded ano, uye chepiri ari mamiriro ezvinhu kushandiswa zvombo zvinoparadza.

Matangi aya vawana kubatanidzwa dzokurwa ina muzvizhinji ane akaturikidzana uye yakagadzirwa Kwakashandiswa micheka. Pakutanga waidzivirira kubva kinetic uye tinofanira kugara zvombo. Uyezve, vashandi vemo vakagamuchira kudzivirira Kit kubva zvombo zvinoparadza. chizvarwa chechipiri simbi Matangi vakapakata zvemagetsi kugutsikana: ballistic kombiyuta, Laser rangefinders, moto kuzvidzora hurongwa, etc ...

By kwenzira yakafanana akaitira T-72, M60A3, «Jinda" "Leopard 1". Vamwe mhando aonekwa somugumisiro rakadzika nadzurudzo yedzinza rokutanga michina. Matangi Soviet kwenguva kuti waivako ayo asina kutomboderera akaona vavengi, uye mune dzimwe nzira kunyange kupfuura navo yekudyidzana. Zvisinei, kubva 1970, zvakava kuoneka lag mune zvemagetsi michina. Somugumisiro midziyo Soviet pakutanga kwemaziso kuva isashande. Zvikurukuru kuoneka waiva muitiro hondo pakanyorwa kuMiddle East uye dzimwe nyika, apo paiva munyika yatanga kweHondo Yemashoko.

modernity

Muna 1980-ies. paiva inonzi rechitatu post-hondo chizvarwa. Kunosanganisira nhoroondo Russian tangi rokuvaka. A chinokosha mienzaniso izvi yazova yepamusorosoro unodzivirira michina. By parudzi rwechitatu, vari "Lekrerki" France, "Leopard 2" Germany, "Challenger" Britain, United States, "Abrams".

History of Russia kunofananidzwa tangi kuvakwa michina dzakadai T-90 uye T-72B3. mhando aya midzi kuma1990 kure. T-90 Anonziwo "Vladimir" vachikudza ayo mukuru wakachenjera Vladimir Potkina. Munguva 2000s, mota akava zvakanakisisa vachitengesa huru hondo tangi munyika. In chiso muenzaniso uyu ndiyo nhoroondo tangi kukura mune Russia akashandura mumwe peji rake. Zvisinei, zvipfuwo vagadziri haana kurega uye mberi kwavo kubudirira rakasiyana rwokugadzira tsvakurudzo.

Muna 2015 wakaonekera Newest T-14. Its runoratidza ndarira kwakadaro zvinhu sezvo isingagarwi shongwe uye yakawana pachikuva "Armata". Nokuti kokutanga T-14 Zvakaratidzwa nevoruzhinji Kukunda Parade kuna 70 gore Mukuru Patriotic War. The muenzaniso anogadzirwa "Uralvagonzavod".