Chii ya platelet upenyu? platelet lifecycle

In nedanho degeneration masero ari mumwongo maplatelet vari aumba. Ndivo masero anokonzera coagulation mashandiro ropa uye kuti kudzorerwa vascular madziro.

vakasimba mamiriro

Kutaura zvinotaurwa hwoupenyu upenyu pamusoro maplatelet, nyanzvi dzakawanda funga chete nguva pavanenge vanozivikanwa somunhu takaparadzana chivakwa kubva megakaryocyte. A nguva apo vakanga vachangobva kuumbwa uye vakura, kwete kufungwa nezvazvo.

Paavhareji, vari muropa kweinenge vhiki. Asi hunotarisira platelet kwevanhu upenyu Ingasiyana kubva 5 kusvika 12 mazuva. Nyanzvi anozivisa wandei rudzi: vaduku, akwegura, yakura uye chimiro kuzvinetsa. Havazivi kuvimba nemakore masero uye zvinoitwa basa hematopoietic hurongwa.

The kutenderera okukura

Ose maplatelet vari achiumbwa mwongo. Kuchitanga nyuchi-kusikwa Unit megakaryocyte, rinonzi "CFU-Meg." It yakakamurwa mitosis. Nokuti aumbwa pakutanga promegakarioblast izvo zvinoenda megakaryoblasts.

Kwemazuva 4-5 ari mwongo dzakura mumasero anokosha - megakaryocytes, ane dhayamita inenge 60-120 microns. Pashure rinokosha tsanga isina basophilic cytoplasm uye neerekitironi tsika polymorphism. Zvakanyorwa kunzi "promegakaryocyte". The akura megakaryocyte cytoplasm yakakura pakukura uye Kuwanikwa tsanga vake Violet-blue ruvara. Chinoumba nayo ine, zvingava siyana noshamisa zvitarisiko.

Zvinonzi akaparadzaniswa kubva cytoplasm megakaryocyte duku masero eropa, akafanana chimiro denderedzwa. Kubva panguva iyi tinogona kutaura chii ya upenyu platelet. Kuongorora, sezvo mutemo, chete ruzivo siyana. Vari muviri hwakanaka munhu anofanira kuva 90%.

Kuwanda masero

Kuti tinzwisise nei akadaro wevasungwa neropa masero dzisiri zvenyukireya, zvinokosha kuziva nezvezvaunoda ya upenyu platelet, asi sei kutsanya uye sei vanoonekwa. Nokuti mumwe kilogram kurema muviri vanofanira kuva hurongwa 15x10 ^6. Kubva mumwe megakaryocyte ari fission kwacho otshnurovyvaetsya anenge 3000 maplatelet. Vachiri vanenge 7-17% of yaipedzerwa achiumbwa mumapapu. Izvi imhaka yokuti prothrombocytes sezvo kupinda muropa. Ivo vakazvimiririra tisvike microcircular chiedza chiteshi. Zvino zvikaitika platelet kusunungurwa rikurumidze.

zuva ose ari mumuviri womunhu unobereka anenge 66 ± 14,6 zviuru. maplatelet por .mu.l ropa nerimwe. In ropa murume mukuru anofanira kuverenga kubva 180 kusvika ⁹ 320h10 ropa masero aya, vana vanogona kuva kubva 150 kusvika 450h10 ^9. Asi kana pakuverenga uwandu zera ravo rinofanira kunzi. Somuenzaniso, vacheche vari kunyange mazuva 10, vanogona kuva kubva 99 kusvika 420h10 ^9.

Kutarisika ndiro

nzombe yose akura zvakafanana yakarongeka. Panyaya iyi, ropa platelet upenyu hupfupi dzingasiyana. Imwe neimwe Disc serin'i Mahwendefa harina chinoumba, asi ine centrally riri granulomer randinogara azurophilic granules. Vanogona kuva dzakawanda kubvira 5 kusvika 20. Uyewo, maplatelet vakakura vari kusiyaniswa kuvapo uye Lilac gialomeru yakajeka miganhu.

The dhayamita muchitokisi yakazara anenge 3-4 microns. Vari ichazivikanwa noku denderedzwa kana dzeraundi dhisiki-kufanana chimiro. Pemvura pa zororo ivo chechetere. Asi kana mune kuonana nevamwe miviri kana vatorwa pasi ari mumasero hwodoonekereswa threadlike zvinoshandiswa kuti kuvapa nyeredzi serin'i.

mamiriro

Kuwedzera ruzivo kuti avhareji urefu upenyu maplatelet anenge 7 days, zvakakosha kuziva kuti muchitokisi ose pane vatatu akaturikidzana. The peripheral mapazi ine nadmembrannoy nharaunda, iyo iri chinangwa platelet activation. Pashure chiri Kamudzira kuti ndiye anokonzera zvakakwana uye nenguva maitiro muchitokisi, uye ropa pakugwamba zvinhu. Zvinonzi anonzi phospholipid chizvaro. Kuti anoumba koagualyatsionnye zvivako. Uyewo mhosva adhesion uye aggregation pamusoro maplatelet.

Mune mapazi ari Sol-gel muri mitochondria. Uyewo pane migero chaiyo kuti kubatanidza rukoko pamwe chokunze membrane. Zone Sol-gel unotora trombostein mhosva Disc serin'i Mahwendefa.

Oga, nyanzvi kusiyanisa organelles nzvimbo. Kune 4 siyana pellets. In kwavari chirongwa kuunganidza zvinhu ropa pakugwamba. Ivo kushanda nguva dzose, pasinei nokuti nguva upenyu platelet hupfupi mazuva 5-12.

Akati Kuparadzana munyika dzine inogona paChidzidzo vakawanda magnification pasi maikorosikopu masero.

platelet lifecycle

Mushure maplatelet ropa vakaparadzaniswa megakaryocytes, vanopinda muropa. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti murau uyu muitiro yave thrombopoietin. Zvakafanira kuti kwomuzvarirwo platelet inotungamirwa uye kuibvisa azere cytoplasm pakati megakaryocytes.

Inenge 1/3 of yaipedzerwa iiswe chirwatata. The yasara 70% of vanosvika achiparadzira dzeropa. chitoro akadaro vakasikwa chirwatata nokuti vari kutamira mumuviri zvishoma nezvishoma. Process Ndima zvinotora anenge 8 maminitsi. Somugumisiro, mashoko maplatelet vanosunungurwa kupinda muropa uye vatamire kunzvimbo dziri kudiwa. Ose nezvinetso chirwatata vari pakarepo kwakaratidzwa pamusoro nhamba ropa maplatelet. Zvisinei, izvi hazvina chokuita ya upenyu platelet, uye anochinja chete uwandu ropa ravo. Saka, ayo nokubviswa chirwatata, wevasungwa kwavo zviri yepamusoro. Asi splenomegaly (akawedzera muviri), masero aya duku kufamba nawo zvishoma nezvishoma. Izvi zvinotisvitsa chinokosha zvinoderedza nokuwanda muropa.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti kwemasayendisiti munyaya vascular rokuvakazve, akamuputira nyama uye ropa coagulation chete chidimbu chiduku maplatelet. Vamwe vanofira mumwongo chirwatata uye chiropa pasi pokudzora macrophages.