Chinonzi spina bifida - chii? Zvakakomba musana abnormalities

Malformation of nomuzongoza, izvo angaperekedzwa zvinetso zviri musana, - chinonzi spina bifida. Chii, umo nyaya simuka, kune dzimwe nenyonganiso mumuviri zvinogona kuguma - mhinduro dzemibvunzo iyi vachawanikwa mu nyaya yedu. Zvisinei, nokuti kunzwisisa kunotoda mufananidzo chirwere Zvinokoshawo kunzwisisa pfungwa dzevanhu nechepakati tsinga, ari anatomical nemamiriro musana uye musana mabasa.

Pfungwa epfungwa

Central tsinga - huru chikamu huta dzevanhu hurongwa. It anomiririrwa uropi uye musana uye rinoumbwa Tutsinga tunofambisa mashoko utwu vavo kwendangariro. CNS akaumba mapoka matatu: yakaderera, svikiro uye yakakwirira. Nokuti rezasi uye pakati ndiwo musana, ivo medulla oblongata, ari midbrain, iyo midbrain uye cerebellum. zvinoriumba izvi waidzora nezvebasa munhu nhengo, simbisai akwirwe therebetween, kuti nechokwadi kuvimbika nhengo kushanda. Higher CNS vakaparadzana anomiririrwa Hemisférios Cerebrais uye vakuru rinopa kudyidzana pamwe zvakatipoteredza.

The chikuru kushanda nechepakati tsinga - the Implementation nyore uye kunzwisisa siyana - hunenge. The nechepakati tsinga achiumbwa mumavhiki pamuviri yokutanga nokuda chinokosha mamiriro - the ectoderm. Kana isiri kupesana uye kugadzira masero etsinga kuchimuka mumwe Neural chubhu rakaremara, vakazochinja inoenda chitange musana pathologies.

Musana - tsinga nhengo riri musana mugero. Notional muganhu pakati musana uye pfungwa pazvakagara interleaving pyramidal fibers. Uye musoro uye musana vari akaputira hamvuropu, zvinosanganisira matatu akaturikidzana: yakasimba, dandemutande uye vascular. Kubva kwokunze uropi inodzivirira dehenya, kuti musana - the nomuzongoza.

The nemamiriro vertebral mbiru

Spine - nheyo dzevanhu marangwanda chinosanganisira vertebrae, pakati izvo intervertebral disks - shwashwa rukoko. Vakuru, kuti Zvifambiso zvinopa mukana wokushandiswa yacho nomuzongoza. 33-34 ari vertebra kwevanhu, ivo conditionally aibatanidza muzvikamu: remuromo, thoracal, lumbar, sacral, coccyx.

Mumwe vertebra aumbwa muviri chinhu chakakombama uye muitiro. The muviri uye chinhu chakakombama kunobvumirwa vertebrate okutanga pezvakaitwa vertebrae chokuita nemumwe uye kuita mashandiro kutyira tsandanyama. In hwakanaka womunhu muviri makomba vertebrae batanidza mugomba chete vertebral canal, izvo, chokwadi, ndizvo nzvimbo munhu musana nzvimbo. Asi pane pathological ezvinhu umo mune mukaha mumarudzi pfupa - ". Chinonzi spina bifida" Fani iyi anonzi

The musana inopa kutaurirana uropi pamwe peripheral tsinga. Central gwara - mumwe mhango mukati musana. Musana, uyewo musoro, ane-rukoko matatu Kamudzira pakati akaturikidzana ane cerebrospinal mvura. Pfupa kubva vertebrae uye chokunze goko pamusoro musana Anoumba pakati pavo imwe nhengo dzomuviri nzvimbo izere mafuta rinenge uye venous pajira riya.

Chinonzi spina bifida, chii?

Chinonzi spina bifida - degeneration ichi nomuzongoza (chinonzi spina bifida), izvo kazhinji yakawedzera kunoitwa zvokurwara - hypoplasia of musana. kuremara Izvi anotanga kuoneka mukutanga mumatanho pamuviri uye ari rwakavhunika paumbwe Neural chubhu. The Neural chubhu - sechivako riri akazotevera nzendo pamuviri embryo aumbwa musimboti tsinga - uropi uye musana. nyaya dzakawanda varwere chinonzi spina bifida zvirwere kupa chikonzero patsanura mamwe zvokurwara panguva maererano kwokuomerwa malformations:

• conditionally nyoro siyana: Isimba rakadini rinogona kubudiswa chinonzi spina bifida, meningocele, lipomeningotsele;
• kwazvo: myelomeningocele; myelomeningocele, hydrocephalus kwakaoma.

Chinonzi spina bifida ari kuona munguva rinobva resonance kuri kana nejrosonografii.

Nhamba dzinoratidza kuti pane chirwere muna vacheche 1-2 muna 1000. The zvokurwara iri kuvabereki, nekuti kusvikira 8% zvichipi- kuzvarwa rinoguma chirwere chinonzi spina bifida. Vanachiremba vanoti zviri kungangoitika kuvana vakaberekwa nevakadzi makore. Zvisinei, 95% kuti vacheche chinonzi spina bifida chirwere ngapaonekwe vabereki Vakagwinya havatamburi kubva yakafanana chirwere.

Nyoro siyana chinonzi spina bifida

Yakavanzwa chinonzi spina bifida (occulta) - kupfuura munyoro chimiro chirwere, uko underdevelopment, duku mukaha mumarudzi vertebrae. Kakawanda richiwanika munyika lumbar kana sacral nomuzongoza. zvokurwara ichi anofukidza chete nomuzongoza mapfupa rinenge uye hazvina chokuita musana marongerwo. Maperembudzi mwero akaratidza, uye kazhinji haana unooneka kubudikidza nezviratidzo kuti kunokanganisa munhu. Varwere vakawanda vane chirwere ichi uye vasingazivi chirwere yavo. Nemaziso kuoneka zviratidzo chirwere ari achangoberekwa kunogona kuva boka bvudzi, kazhinji duku; mafuta bhegi; kuora mwoyo kana rupawo panzvimbo zvokurwara.

Chete Kashoma (anenge 1 kubva 1,000 zviitiko yakazonyorwa muchimiro chinonzi spina bifida) abnormality kunotungamirira dzichipfekeka kuvhiringidzika Urinary turakiti, bowel, tsandanyama neutera rezasi maoko nemakumbo, kusvikira curvature yacho nomuzongoza. imwe nhamba vertebrae pamusoro musana kakawanda zvinoratidzwa vanachiremba chinyorwa murwere, umo maiva zvokurwara. Somuenzaniso, mukova "chinonzi spina bifida posterior S1" rinoratidza nezvinetso wokutanga vertebra sacral nomuzongoza.

Meningocele - siyana chinonzi spina bifida, umo kuwedzera degeneration kuti mwongo runodzivirira mumuhara anogona kuita somunhu kuzvimba kana capsules kuburikidza kumbova slots. Kazhinji, musana uye tsinga pezvakaitwa pasina pathologies kana zvishomanana kuremara. Kazhinji, kuti Kamudzira rinosanganisira ganda, izvo conventionally inodzivirira zviri zvayo. Zvisinei, kunyange mhosva duku iyi zvinoda kuvhiya kurapwa kugadzirisa zvizorwa kuremara.

Lipomeningotsele

Lipomeningotsele - mufananidzo chinonzi spina bifida, izvo vaiona mwero zvokurwara. In mishonga kutyora iri semhosva yakakura symbiosis yakaumbwa musana hernias uye lipomas - benign anomera. Izvi Kuvhiringidza mu Neural chubhu nokuumbwa kunoitika pamazuva 20 pamuviri rokutanga. Lipomeningotsele zvakakanganisika chinogona kukonzera pave chetsinga pathologies uye kuupenyu zvakakomba zvirwere genitourinary ezvinhu, ura - adipose zvinyama unomanikidza pamusoro musana. Akapiwa nhoroondo varwere nezvirwere lipomeningotsele, inogona conditionally mapoka mapoka mana pathological zvinoratidza chirwere:

• pasina chetsinga, pelvic uye vachibatsira zvirwere;
• munyoro paresis of makumbo, tsoka deformation;
• zvikuru vasingadzoreki gwenya basa, curvature pamusoro nomuzongoza, pelvic uriri zvirwere;
• muzvidimbu deformities, yakanyanya pelvic zvokurwara.

Naizvozvo, chete uye kurapwa kuti chirwere ichi chiri kuonekwa pakarepo mangwanani kuvhiya kupindira. Pachiimbwa kuvhiyiwa kubvisa mafuta mabhegi zvinogona kuitwa epurasitiki gedhi heniya.

Myelomeningocele - wakaomarara muchimiro chinonzi spina bifida

Wakakura zvikuru muchimiro chirwere, kunoitika muna 75% vose nyaya degeneration of vertebrae - myelomeningocele (Cystica chinonzi spina bifida). Chii? Encephalocele - rwonzi Kufananidzira iyo makabuda kuburikidza chakaremara iri nomuzongoza. Dzimwe nguva Kamudzira kuti musana runochengetedzwa paganda, mune zvimwe zviitiko, uropi pamwe tsinga inomera vachibuda. In chimiro ichi chirwere kusingadzivisiki chetsinga zvirwere. The mwero zvinetso zvakadai achazviisa kubudikidza kwokuomerwa ndiko kuremara pamusoro musana uye musana mugove, umo kutyora zvakaitika. Kana chirwere chinobata kuguma musana, zvinetso kukanganisa genitourinary maitiro uye ura, nechepazasi muzvidimbu kuremara kunoitika.

Kazhinji, musana hernias kuitika mune lumbosacral nomuzongoza. zviitiko apo zvokurwara hwapedyo panguva ufanane thoracal kana remuromo nomuzongoza, zvisinei, vasangana ari okurapa. Sezvineiwo, Neural chubhu kuremara kunowanzoguma mumwe kutyora - hydrocephalus kana Chiari anomaly yakakonzerwa pakaputsika nokuumbwa in mukati dehenya doro.

Hydrocephalus uye Chiari anomaly

Hydrocephalus (mvura pamusoro uropi) - a zvokurwara kunokonzerwa kuunganidza cerebrospinal mvura iri ventricles wouropi. Cerebrospinal Urume - doro - iri ichi- rinoparadzirwa mune ventricular ino.

The zvaida Vhoriyamu cerebrospinal mvura inogona configured nenzira mbiri:

• masero glandular aigadzira nhumbi muuropi ventricles;
• propotevanie akaumba somugumisiro wacho plasma kuburikidza vascular madziro.

Cerebrospinal mvura circulates kubva ventricles kuuropi uye musana subarachnoid inosvika uropi. Intracranial uye musana rinodhaka dzezvimwe ari kumuviri vari revatema. Kana lumbar herniated, kuumbwa kukurukurirana hydrocephalus. kuunganidza Urume zvinoisa vawedzere intracranial kumanikidzwa, iyo inotungamirira ungaderedza chiratidzo, panowanikwa nezvipusha, strabismus, neutera tsandanyama ose okumusoro migumo. vachivavhiringidza kwakadaro kuguma kwazvo chetsinga zvinetso, kurasikirwa zvedzidzo mano, rufu.

Anomaly Arnold Chiari - a zvokurwara umo amygdala akatura pasi padanho rokutanga uye rechipiri remuromo vertebrae, nokudaro ichivharira kuparadzirwa cerebrospinal mvura.

Kuvhiya Mabatirwo myelomeningocele

Mukuru ngozi upenyu rusvava pamwe myelomeningocele chinhu pakakoromoka heniya zai uye kuwana zvirwere mukati mariri. Infectious matambudziko, decompensation hydrocephalus - huru chinokonzera kufa kwevacheche yakakwirira, chirwere chinonzi spina bifida. Kamwe dzakaonekwa liquorrhea - nokuti cerebrospinal mvura - rinoitwa kuvhiya zvechimbichimbi kubvisa musana heniya.

Pari, nzira Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri kubvisa pathologies izvi rave kushandiswa zvinobudirira munyika yose, zviri kuita pamuviri kubviswa musana heniya. Akati kuvhiya kupindira mhando kunodzivisa kukura hydrocephalus uye Chiari anomaly muvarwere vaduku; kudzivisa zvakakomba yematambudziko uye chinouraya, uyewo unozotevera ndavhiyiwa. The pamusoro evanhu kupa mikana achangoberekwa kuti zvinoitika azvipire kukura uye kunaka kwoupenyu.

Kana panguva yakakodzera fetus kuvhiyiwa vamwe chikonzero hazvina kuitwa, akarwawo shunt kuvhiyiwa, izvo normalizes uwandu cerebrospinal mvura. Kazhinji, kuvhiyiwa uku rinoitwa mumatanho maviri. Spine Clinic - wezvokurapa kupfungwa nhete pfungwa, izvo kazhinji kubatsira kugadzirisa zvinetso zvakawanda chokuita musana pathologies.

Diagnostics

In mushonga ano, chinonzi spina bifida kunokwanisa kuonekwa mune tanga pamuviri. Naizvozvo, vanotarisira vabereki vane nguva zvokuongorora uye vazive mupfungwa kugadzirira kusununguka pamwe zvinhu. Ukuwo, ivo vane nguva uye mukana kusarudza pamusoro asiri kuchengetedza azvarwa.

Panguva pamuviri (16-18 mavhiki), vanaamai pamuviri kumbotambudzika kuongorora miedzo, chakavakirwa pabvunzo ropa. Nzira kunoratidzwa pakuongorora wevasungwa pamusoro embryo mapuroteni, izvo zviri chakaipa mukufamba pamuviri yakabereka zvibereko zvishoma. In kuvapo nechepakati tsinga kuremara AFP wevasungwa kwakawedzera. Pane zvimwe zvinhu nokuda bvunzo. Nokuda zvichibvira panowanikwa zvikanganiso apo nokududzira migumisiro kuongorora anofanira kutevedzerwa nokungwarira zvimwe mitemo:

• kusimbisa yakarurama kwazvo pamuviri;
• kana pamuviri pacho iwane, zvinofanira chirwere nenguva.

Chimwe nzira nechirwere riri pamuviri Ultrasound inoitwa zvimwe zvokukura pamuviri, ichiita kuziva zvokurwara. Nzira iyi inobvumira kuti kuona uropi, musana, vertebral Mbiru uye chirwere mune nenguva nenzira. Zvisinei, tinofanira kuyeuka kuti zvinhu zvidiki kuremara (zvakavanzika chinonzi spina bifida) abnormality haigoni kuonekwa.

Amniocentesis - kuponjesa Líquido mvura - mumwe nzira nechirwere. Ndezvemhuri kuburikidza hombe tsono uye chete zvachose kudzorwa Ultrasound. Nzira iri rinoshandiswa kana ropa kuongorora kwakaratidza zvakawandisa wevasungwa pamusoro AFP, uye ultrasonic zvokuongorora kuti pathologies asina kuzivikanwa. Liquid sezvo ropa, akaedzwa kuti mapuroteni wevasungwa wokugaya, nekumwisa izvo zvinoratidza kuvapo kuvhiringidzika kukura musana mbiru.

dziviriro

Zvechokwadi, hapana chiremba anogona kuvimbisa kuti kana vose zvokungwarira zvakafanira uye kusavapo inozivikanwa zvinokonzera njodzi mune vabereki utano anozvarwa mwana ane utano. Zvinosuruvarisa, dzimwe nguva hunhu disposes zvimwe pane munhu achipfeka. Asi simba vevanaamai ramangwana uye vanababa kuita kufadza kuti kuderedza zvichibvira ngozi kushoma uye kuderedza mikana yokuva mwana chinonzi spina bifida zvokurwara rakapotsa razero. Tiri kutaura matanho.

Mumwe mukuru matanho kudzivisa chidzoke akanga achangoberekwa nechirwere "chinonzi spina bifida" anongwarira kuronga kuva nepamuviri. Kuti aite izvi, anogona amai uye baba asati pakunambwa kunokosha kupfuura kuva kuongorora zvokurapa zviri fanira kuenda kuti kubvunzana kuti genetics. Mukadzi panguva pamuviri zvinokosha kutungamirira mararamiro utano, kuti vasingafariri pakugamuchira anticonvulsants. Asi folic asidhi kusvika pamwero zvakakodzera, nekusiyana, zvinoratidzwa iyi. In zhinji dzakabudirira, ichi ndicho pfungwa huru chirongwa rakarumbidza nepamuviri Health Organization.

Zvinofanira kurangarirwa kuti zvinokonzera ngozi chirwere vari nemagene nhodzera; takatakura zvirwere vakadzi panguva pamuviri, akadai rubella; matambudziko ari kwokunze kwezvakatipoteredza - nemwaranzi, doro, mishonga.

Huru zvichemo

Saka, pakupindura mubvunzo «chinonzi spina bifida -? Chii ichi", unogona kusarudza pfungwa huru. Chinonzi spina bifida - a zvokurwara kuti unowanikwa utero, muvhiki akazvitakura rokutanga. The chete nzira yokudzivisa hosha ari mwana - ari kuronga pamuviri, kuzadzisa zvose zvinodiwa zvinodiwa vanachiremba, amai vanepamuviri kutungamirira mararamiro utano, kuti vanoumba nokusava folic asidhi pamuviri.

Kana zvokurwara achiri kuwanikwa, pakukurukura chinoitwa bedzi Caesarean chikamu kunzvenga kukuvara kuti musana panguva ndima mudumbu kubudikidza nokuberekwa Canal.

Rokuongorora maperembudzi, pane nzira dzakasiyana-siyana - bvunzo ropa, Ultrasound Diagnostics, amniocentesis. Zvisinei, kana, kuti kutyora akawana uye zvokuongorora akaita, zvinokosha kuita kuvhiyiwa.

Innovative nzira - ndiyo kubviswa intrauterine zvokurwara. Zvinonzi zvakare kuitwa oparesheni pashure kuzvarwa kwemwana - mumazuva matatu hwake pakutanga. Zviya, iri vakafungira mune achangoberekwa chinonzi spina bifida anogona kukonzera: musana heniya, birthmarks kana dzegirini parimwe zvikamu ganda, kujairika bvudzi bun. Chokwadi, chokupedzisira zvokuongorora chinoitwa pashure mamwe zveBhaibheri - CT, MRI.

Zvichienderana zvakakanganisa musana nzvimbo localization, uyewo inoenderana dzichipfekeka zvinetso, maperembudzi Classified kuva chiedza uye inorema siyana.

Nyoro siyana chinonzi spina bifida kazhinji haanamati zvakakomba kuremara, varwere chirwere ichi mumagariro kujairana. Kana chakakomba urema - meningomyelocoele - kudzivisa urema haigoni, kunyange kana kushanda akabudirira.

Spine Clinic - dzoutano nzvimbo iri nyanzvi utano mabasa kutarisira varwere vane zvinetso zviri CNS nhengo mhando. Naizvozvo, zvokuongorora kuti chinonzi spina bifida - harisi mutongo. Anogona uye vanofanira kurarama.