Chirimwa - chii ichocho mhando yebasa? Matavi uye chirimwa kugadzirwa

Kupfuura-zviviri muzvitatu vokuparidzira nyika ukapisa zvigadzirwa kunopa indasitiri kuti vaitungamira kurima - chirimwa. Ichi - chinokosha hwaro hwenyika zvokurima kugadzirwa. Funga mamiriro ayo uye vanotaura pamusoro pamabasa uye tariro kukura upfumi hwenyika.

chirimwa indasitiri

Nemiti iri siyana, saka yakafanana indasitiri unosanganisira nzvimbo dzakawanda. The zvihombe vari kugadzirwa:

• tsanga;

• matapiri uye tubers;

• maindasitiri zvirimwa;

• miriwo uye manwiwa;

• muchero uye mazambiringa;

• chikafu.

Chimbofunga zvinoitwa nomumwe munzvimbo idzi.

tsanga kugadzirwa

zviyo kurimwa inoremekedzwa chikuru mugove kugadzirwa munyika zvokurima zvigadzirwa. Chirimwa zvenyika hazvigoni kumbofungidzira pasina ichi makirisito chidimbu. Chipiriso zvirimwa avhareji ipi inopfuura hafu arable nyika munyika, uye mune dzimwe nyika - anenge ose zvirimwa nzvimbo. Zviri tsika idzi zvinoumba hwaro zvinovaka muviri chavagari neimwe nyika, uyewo chinokosha inorwara zvokudya iri mhuka minda.

Zviyo uye anoshumira mbishi mashoko maindasitiri mazhinji. World zviyo kurimwa yasvika mabhiriyoni 2 matani pagore, uye 1,6 bhiriyoni matani yose vhoriyamu inogarwa gorosi, mupunga uye zviyo. Ngatitaurei pamusoro huru Mutsika boka iri.

gorosi

Mutungamiriri zviyo munyika kukura gorosi. A chizvarwa Arab steppes, inozivikanwa kwemakore zviuru zvitanhatu zvemakore, uye munyika ano kwava hwaro yakasimba kuti indasitiri ino ive chirimwa. Hazvigoni hunokosha. Nokuedza Breeders akasunungura akasiyana gorosi rakura munyika nhasi. nyika Huge vakapiwa pamusoro kunyika arable, iri Northern Hemisphere, zvishoma duku kukura - in South. Kwose kuzivikanwa nyika kumatunhu ari kurima gorosi - the American mumapani, unobva rwokumusoro pamwe Canadian steppes, arable nyika kuArgentina, Russia, China uye dzimwe nyika uye makondinendi zhinji. Kudeuka gorosi bhizimisi ndivo United States nhasi, Australia, Canada.

mupunga

Panzvimbo yechipiri panyaya chirimwa ndiyo mupunga, sadza guru rutivi vepasi, zvikurukuru kubva kunyika dzokuAsia. Rice - chinhu chawo wakanakisisa nokuda furawa, starch, doro, tsvina nezvinhu izvi mukwanisi zvipfuwo zvokudya zvacho. Vanyori venhau vanoti vanhu vakatanga kuva mupunga nechepakati uye kumaodzanyemba kumatunhu China rokutanga chemakore BC. e. Kurimwa chirimwa ichi - chaiyo zvirimwa ano, uye zvichida bedzi inopisa uye ine uma mumamirire ekunze. Ndokusaka chikuru nzvimbo ndichibvunza mupunga kurimwa iri kusimbiswa kumaodzanyemba inoti uye South-East Asia, achipa kusvika 90% of yose yokukohwa. The undisputed mutungamiri ari kuunganidzwa mupunga ndiko China. vaburitsi Major ndivo Thailand, India, Indonesia, Brazil, Japan.

zviyo

Kushandiswa pachibage tefa chaizvo. Rinoshandiswa sechinhu chikuru muUnited States uye Western European nyika zvipfuwo zvokudya chirimwa. In Africa, Asia, Latin America uye nyika wokumaodzanyemba kweEurope, ndiko zvirimwa zvokudya. Chibage - mumwe muti Mexican mavambo, kubva apo pakanyenga pose. Kukura kwayo dzichiitika nhasi muzvinhu pamwe hwomutambarakede inodziya, unozvidzora kana subtropical mumamirire ekunze. Huru chibage runobereka nzvimbo vakakushwa nzvimbo America, yakaparadzirwa rwezasi Lakes Great. Export yayo US, Canada, Brazil, Argentina uye Australia.

Tuberous uye matapiri

Chinonyanya kwakapararira ndiyo mbatatisi tubers - womunyika nyika South America, kurimwa ose unozvidzora zvikamu nhasi. Vatungamiri vari kugadzirwa mbatatisi Russia, USA, Poland, China neIndia.

The rinokosha reDare shuga bhiti uye shamhu kurimwa munyika inopisa uye subtropical zvikamu, akadai China uye Cuba. Nokuti dzimwe nyika dzichiri kubudirira (Dominican Republic) yakadaro chirimwa zvigadzirwa - ndiyo hwaro pachena negwaro. Dzakabudirira regai kusvina kupfuura chegumi munyika shuga shamhu.

Mune imwe mamiriro ezvinhu ane shuga bhiti kugadzirwa. Its kurimwa nharaunda - unozvidzora latitudes: pakati bhendi mu Europe (EU nhengo inoti uye Ukraine, uyewo United States uye Canada). Asian vagadziri - Turkey, China uye Iran.

oilseeds

To musi, miriwo mafuta yakabereka kubva oilseeds, pamusana-zvikamu zviviri kubva muzvitatu yaipedzerwa mafuta ukapisa munyika. Nokuti oilseeds muri nzungu, sesame, rapeseed, sunflower uye vamwe vakawanda. The ndichibvunza kukura kugadzirwa uye kunwa chezvinhu zvinomera idzi parizvino chokuita kuzvitsinhanisa iri zvokudya mhuka mafuta chirimwa mune zvoupfumi dzakabudirira uye hama Kuwanikwa zvigadzirwa izvi munyika dzichiri kusimukira.

Mutungamiri kweShanduro Sou zvigadzirwa ndivo United States, vaunganidze nzungu - India, kukohwa nedonje uye rapeseed - China.

Dzichiri kusimukira vanokura zvirimwa anoyevedza chikamu maindasitiri ichi, zvino zvikuru kuderedza aina mafuta chokuita zvakasikwa uye kukurumidza kukura mafuta ayo indasitiri. Uye regai tengesa mbishi zvinhu uye kugadzirwa zvibereko pachavo kugadzirwa.

Culture, ane tonic zvivako uye kunzwisisa kuti ivo (tii, kofi, but), kukura zvishoma chaizvo munzvimbo - achitsva uye subtropical zvikamu. kurimwa wavo kusimbiswa kumaodzanyemba munyika yacho Asian, uko inopisa runoita kuti tive zvirimwa. Uyu Malaysia, India uye nevamwe.

olericulture

Pamwe nezviyo, zvirimwa zvibereko uye miriwo vakawanda vari upfumi munyika dzakawanda. Chaizvo kukura nyika inogarwa kurimwa dzavo, raishanda kukwikwidzana zvirimwa zvezviyo. Kana kuwedzera kuitika pasi pose kudyiwa nemiriwo nemichero goho ravo uye kupinzwa richikura nhasi.

The rakadzikama kuitika zveminda kumusika nyika zhinji inorwara mafuta, sugary, michero uye tonic zvirimwa kubva kusimukira anoramba kuzochinja.

Non-chikafu chirimwa kugadzirwa

Of zvirimwa, asiri zvokudya kumusika, zvinoita basa rinokosha faibha zvirimwa uye rabha. The chikuru fibrous chirimwa ndiko donje, vakaona utungamiri kweShanduro iyo yakakamurwa pakati penyika Asian, zvishoma zvishoma vhoriyamu - State American uye African makondinendi.

Other hapana zvishoma zvinokosha faibha zvirimwa - neshinda uye jute - anogara nzvimbo duku zvikuru. kwaigara anopfuura matatu kugadzirwa munyika neshinda - mu Russia uye Belarus, jute dzabudapo Bangladesh. Vagadziri rwokuzvarwa rabha - rwezasi-mabvazuva kondinendi Asian (Indonesia, Thailand). Pakuumba Asian nyika kunoratidzwa kurima zvirimwa tune alkaloids - fodya, chinodhaka, Indian hemp. Izvi unosimbiswa panguva chirimwa munyika kugadzirwa kumusika.

Zvinoumba Plant mu Russia

Pasinei chokwadi kuti Russia - inyika ine kwazvo, mwero dzakawanda okunze, zvokurima indasitiri hazvina lagged shure vatungamiri nyika kugadzirwa shuga bhiti, mbatatisi, muriwo, mbeu uye oilseeds.

Agricultural Kugadzirwa rinofukidza Munenge chirimwa zvose sectors, kunze kurima zvekumwe zvirimwa zvakadai koko, kofi, miti inogadziriswa rabha.

Domestic nyika arable vari kusimbiswa dzinodziya Continental latitudes - nechepakati dziri Volga nharaunda, ivo Urals uye Western kuSiberia, uyewo kumaodzanyemba munharaunda Prikavkazya. Russian chirimwa zvemichina iri rakakura uye inosanganisira kugadzirwa zvose zvokudya uye maindasitiri uye zvezvipfuwo zvirimwa. Uye munyaya iyi, anenge zvose arable nyika yose okunze munyika dzine, akafukidza nyika.

Kukura ezviyo muRussia

Sezvo nyika chirimwa kugadzirwa, maindasitiri ichi mu Russia hazvibviri pasina kugadzirwa zviyo, unorema inova gorosi. Yakakura nzvimbo munyika arable, yakanaka okunze, inoona nezvenjodzi kujairana nemarudzi uye tsika kukura gorosi haana kungova sepokutangira unobereka furawa, groats kwaizotevera kubudiswa muna kubika indasitiri, asiwo rave upfumi chezvinonhuwira mumhuri kurima. Nhasi, Russia iri munyika pamusoro matatu - gorosi bhizimisi. Russia dzinongoitika ezvinhu yaikura zvose chando uye chitubu gorosi. Goho zvirimwa muchando yekudyidzana akapfuudza chitubu, asi ichi imhaka ezvinhu uye jogirafi pakukura. Sezvo chando akasiyana vari nyore uye nokupisa-rudo, uye ipapo kukura navo, ave mutemo, kumadokero dziri nyika, apo okunze ari munhu munyoro.

Zvisinei zvinokosha uye vakaderera gorosi tichitarisa kugadzira, vakasvimha, Culture - bhari. It anopindura vanenge kota iri zvachose yokukohwa. Somunhu mbishi mashoko doro bhizimisi uye kugonesesa zvadzinofura, bhari anenge dzinoverengeka zvakanakira - zviri zvinoshamisa akaomarara, ane mwaka pfupi wokukura, vachibvumira kuti arubvise nekaupenyu asina kumbokuvadzwa.

Zviyo Kugadzirwa muRussia hakungoitwi kurima gorosi nebhari, sezvo chirimwa - the indasitiri (ichi kunosimbiswa kutsigira chirongwa state), kufukidza nzvimbo dzakawanda. Cropland rye, oats, chibage, mupunga, Buckwheat uye dzakaderera mune mavhoriyamu gorosi zvirimwa, asi zvisinei chirimwa nzvimbo uye, naizvozvo, goho zvirimwa izvi zvishoma nezvishoma akawedzera.

Kurimwa mudzi zvirimwa uye maindasitiri zvirimwa Russia

Asi epamba chirimwa - hazvisi zviyo zvirimwa chete. Chaizvo nzvimbo inogarwa zvakadyarwa nembatatisi, rakagara richidudzirwa zvaisanganisira kwedu kudya. Asi zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti zvokutengeserana kurimwa matapiri yakaderera achiri, sezvo vakawanda vokuRussia kuwana yepamusorosoro goho riri oga nezviitiko.

Mumwe zvazviri zvinokosha, multi-chinangwa chirimwa, vakura kunyanya Central Black Earth dunhu - shuga bhiti. Kukudziridza kuti shuga, uye matongo uye marara zvigadzirwa ndezvipi chirungiso iri mhuka minda.

Havagoni kufunga sunflower mbeu zviri yakatsvuka zvinhu kwerinenge zvose mafuta anobudiswa uye zvaparadzwa rokuRussia.
Inokosha, asi kunyanya kushanda, nokuda zvakasikwa zviri munyika, nzvimbo - kukura miriwo uye kurima manwiwa. Pachivanhu akura beets, makabheji, hanyanisi, madomasi, makerotsi, etc. In Orenburzhye uchingodzikira Volga vakabudirira akura manwiwa -. Manwiwa uye manwiwa. Chirimwa Kugadzirwa - kwete chete nekugadzirisa nyaya zvokudya, asiwo kuchengeteka munyika, sezvinoratidzwa tsika kutsigira mamiriro nokuda vaburitsi zvokurima.