Chokumisa - chii ichi? The hunde yacho chirimwa: mamiriro, shanda

Tizira - the zvemuchadenga chikamu chipi chirimwa. Inoitwa ane axial mugove - hunde, uye kurutivi - of jira. Kuti urongwa madzinde Anoita mashandiro anoita muviri muchadenga uye kutungamidza zvinhu. Ndezvipi zvinhu nemamiriro kubvumira muviri ichi inonzi chinhanho hwomuti?

Chii hunde?

Hunde - achitiza akabatana, ayo nechepakati uye dzinoumba chikamu chikuru. Mukuita-shanduka, iye akabuda ari chinhu kuchinja miti kusvikira pano nzvimbo. Nemhaka veMubatanidzwa zvokuimba zvinyama chirimwa zvinenge vaigona kuiswa nzvimbo vertically. The dzakabudirira hurongwa conductive munyama zvakazoita kuti muitiro dzamarudzi okutambirwa mvura kubva muvhu uye makemikari nyaya kubva photosynthesizing nhengo.

hunde basa

Asi hunde - hazvisi chete muviri, inova axial marangwanda yemiti uye inopa dzaikwira nokuburuka kwazvino zvinokosha muviri. Somuenzaniso, mashoko yepamusoro spore miti, horsetails, ndizvo chlorophyll. A cacti yekudyidzana kunowedzera kukura nekuchengeta mvura. Pfungwa photosynthesis uyewo anoita nhengo iyi sezvo Mashizha miti tinoshandurirwa tsono kurasikirwa zvishoma unyoro.

On mumwe hunde akaronga mashizha kwete chete asiwo wotungira. Ndivo nezviremera ramangwana, vari Paucheche. Vane vegetative uye rokubereka. Wokutanga tibvunze kudyara vegetative nhengo - mashizha uye matavi. Ekupedzisira vanoumba mumwe rokubereka nhengo primordia, iyo inopa pabonde kubereka, - ruva.

External hunde mamiriro

On the hunde pamwe akashama ziso zviri nyore kuona kupinza mashizha kana mavanga vakasiya shure. Ndivo vakadanwa nodes. A kure pakati pavo - internodes. The hunde uye lamina iumbe angled - mashizha axils. It Akaronga axillary (lateral) neitsvo. Nokuda matavi dzavo kutiza. Growth kureba zvinopa chinouraya mitema chirimwa.

Zvakasikwa, kakawanda nadzurudzo pamusoro hunde. Ane chete STRUCTURAL okunze, asi nemaziso tarisa zvakasiyana. Somuenzaniso, mashoko rhizome kuti peppermint ane zvakarurama elongated internodes uye riri pasi pasi, yakareba anoramba chirimwa chine musoro.

zvemukati mamiriro

hunde mabasa zvinokonzerwa zvinhu zvayo womukati mamiriro. Kunze muchitokisi muviri pakavha jira viomak. Vangave mupenyu (svuura) kana akafa (koko). Inokuchengetedza zviri vanobva zvokuimba kukuvara.

Peel iripo mune vechiduku zvinomera, vane zera hakuiti pfuura gore rimwe. Rine rinokosha maumbirwo - the stomata, naro gasi Exchange kunoitika.

Gare gare, mupenyu rinenge riri chikatsiviwa multi-rukoko chubhu, uye stomata - zviduku anorovera pamusoro lenticels. With kukura chirimwa uye anowedzera ukobvu kwayo. Rinotibatsira hubudirire unodzivirira basa, sezvo masero ayo vakafa chinhu, chete mhepo aripo pakati pavo. A zvakasimba vanobatisisa mumwe, ivo kusika chinokosha chipingamupinyi kukanganiswa kwezvakatipoteredza zvinhu ngozi tusingaoneki guruva. kunyanya transpiration.

Inotevera rukoko ndiyo cortex. Inoitwa nomusero masero uye sero shamwari kuti anopa sangano uye kuchengetera zvinhu. Saizvozvowo rukoko vari bast fibers - zvokuimba zvinyama okunze, zvichiita kuti hunde dzakasimba. Zviri ngaavongwe kwavari panguva hwakasimba madutu muti hunde dzacho kuramba kukuvara.

Next iri divi yedzidzo zvinyama hunde - cambium, kuburikidza iyo hunde zvakunokura ukobvu, dzimwe nguva kusvika yakawanda saizi. Kunyanya kusashanda basa ravo uye chirimo.

Kudeuka Chikamu hunde anotora huni. Conductive zvinhu wemigove zvifambiswe zvinhu, zvemaziso - kupa simba, apo huru - kuunganidza zvakakodzera zvinhu. rukoko Iri yakafarikana, mukobvu uye chinokosha kushandiswa kwevanhu wayo zvebhizimisi mabasa.

Pakati ndiyo chinoumba, guru uye kusazvibata masero izvo kuita mashandiro stocking kumusoro.

kusiyana

Form Nhungirwa akabatana uye nenzvimbo yaro muchadenga kunogona siyana chaizvo. miti Most vane twasu madzinde. Svika zuva vanobvumira zvakanaka kunyatsobudirira zvokuimba zvinyama uye midzi, iyo anobata zvakasimba muti muvhu. Izvi madzinde inogona lignificated kana uswa hwakawanda.

Zvinokambaira uye vakabatirira madzinde kubvumira vadzo kuti nokukurumidza kuva ndima itsva, displacing zvimwe zvirimwa. Vane anokosha adaptations kuti vegetative kupararira Somuenzaniso, Strawberry ndebvu. Asi Ivy uchinyanya pritsepok anogona kukura kunyange pamusoro kutwasuka uye matombo pamusoro. Hopbine rinokomberedza nokutsigira, kugona dzakatsarukana nzvimbo photosynthesis.

Maumbirwe hunde mhando kasvisto hungasiyana. Saka, iye vakagumisa zviyo, apo petsanga - mativi. Vamiririri mhuri amburera uye nhanga vane negomba hunde.

Chii bharero?

Kune dzakawanda zvinomera upenyu: rekushongedzesa, nemiti yakabva kune dzimwe. Ekupedzisira dzinoratidzwa nokuvapo zvakanaka dzakabudirira hunde. Zvikuru Sero nokupesana edzidzo divi jira - cambium - kutungamirira kuti thickening pamusoro nhungirwa paumbwe akabatana ari dhiramu.

cambium masero vagovane gore negore, pova marongera womumwe ukobvu - negore zvindori. nhamba yavo anogona kuona makore chirimwa.

Top-kupfuura

On the pazasi mifananidzo - dzakanzi makurusa muti munyika - mashoko redwoods. Hunde kuti mumiririri uyu chirimwa nyika inogona kuwana nekukwirira pamusoro 80 mamita.

Sequoia General Sherman zvakare refu-akararama. Anofungidzirwa zera rake - anenge 2500 apfuura.

Most zvose mvura muzvitoro December weather BAOBAB. muti uyu ndiyewo guru munyika nokuda hunde sekamufarenzi. Asi Orchid hunde ane kureba 0.5 neMM, ari ruduku.

okunatsiridza

Zvichienderana chii inoshanda anoitwa pasi hunde, inogona kuwana zvitsva zviri chidziro, pova nadzurudzo pamusoro hunde. Izvi zvinosanganisira mbatatisi tuber. It rine thickened hunde pamwe vegetative namabukira, makatumidzwa meso. Panzira, kuti tubers havasi chete pevhu, kufanana chambotaurwa nezvacho mbatatisi uye Jerusarema artichoke - Jerusarema artichoke. Cabbage kohlrabi siyana tuber panhongonya vakapfuma zvinokosha zvicherwa.

hunde okunatsiridza vane gorosi uswa, Cape guzubheri uye ruva romupata. Ndivo vakadanwa rhizomes. On refu dzavo interstices ndiwo zvokuvamba mashizha uye nhungirwa kubva izvo kuva adventitious nemidzi uye matavi egirini.

Chokumisa - asiwo gariki Mabumba, maruva uye tulips. Vane sandara uye undeveloped hunde inonzi Donets. The midzi miti iri fibrous, hunomiririrwa danda kubva adventitious midzi. Itsvo riri collum kuva mashizha. Vanogona kuva pakubhadhara anoverengeka. Saka, hanyanisi manune uye dzine mashizha kudzivirira yakaoma uye membranous. Uye pasi akanaka ezvinhu ose renal kukura muduku nhungirwa manyoro.

Modifications uye vashumire nokuda vegetative Mashoko zvinomera. Muenzaniso uyu ndiwo Strawberry ndebvu. Matavi anotandira zviri cucumberkuva kubatsira chirimwa namatirai kune rutsigiro, vachibvumira kutora zvinobetsera nzvimbo muchadenga pachinhu zuva.

Nzira yokudzivirira vari minzwa minzwa, mhuka peya, barberry uye hawthorn. Miti ava inozivikanwa manune zvibereko namavara inopenya, izvo saka rudo kungoona mhuka dzakawanda. Sharp spines Musavabvumira kudaro, uye zvibereko vanofanira ripen pamusoro pamatavi.

Hunde - ndiwo muviri kuti zvinokosha chirimwa upenyu. Murume anorishandisa upfumi basa, huni manufactures zvemumba. okunatsiridza zhinji Tiza kudyiwa, kushandiswa vegetative kupararira, ichipa mukuru chinhanho Zvirimwa zvakawanda.