Commercial mabhanga ndiwo United Arab Emirates

Commercial mabhanga ari Brazil dzinonzi masangano marezinesi kuti kuitisa yezvokutengeserana rwezvemabhengi mabasa maererano nomutemo kana Executive kuitira uye ane kambani unganidza. Anosiiwa mutemo uyu ndiwo mapazi dzimwe mabhanga kushanda Brazil.

Commercial mabhanga ari Brazil vanokamurwa muzvikamu zviviri: omunharaunda vadyi wemari nemabhengi nemapazi dzimwe mabhanga. Kare, National uye dzimwe mabhanga kwatova pamberi paumbwe Brazil muna 1973. The Brazil Monetary Committee uye, naizvozvo, pamberi pakusikwa Central Bank of Brazil. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, uwandu nemabhengi awo ari Brazil akakura kutsanya chaizvo uye nenzira imwe pachena disproportion pamwe nezvaanogona ose pamusika womumusha. Izvi chakakurudzira dzibvise hurumende iine panguva pavaipfuura achivaratidza marezinesi kuti mabhanga itsva uye kuti vaite uwandu mapazi dzimwe mabhanga kuderedza zvematongerwo enyika kuti vaifanira vezvikwata masere.

Muna January 1, 2012 muna Brazil zvave yakataura, uye paiva 23 mudzimba nemabhangi (kusanganisira shanu kwechiIslam) uye matavi 28 dzimwe mabhanga.
Mukuru yokuona nayo classifying masangano rokutengesa mabhanga ndechokuti zvinhu nokuda issuance yemutoo wezvikwereti uye mberi ne yezvokutengeserana mabhanga Kazhinji inoumbwa kukwezva deposits (kudiwa deposits (kana kudiwa dhipoziti), cherechedzai ndokuinama-izwi) kubva nevanhu uye ezvokutengeserana nemakasitoma, uyewo nokuisa pamusoro musika chikwereti zviridzwa (zvikwereti, zvisungo, ake okubhengi). Commercial mabhanga vanoitwa dzinoratidzwa akavhiyiwa kuti kugadzirwa uye muunganidzwa macheki, sangano paruzhinji uye pasiri placement zvisungo, dzimwe mari uye simbi dzinokosha uye mamwe rwezvemabhengi kwema akatenderwa mutemo kana anokurudzirwa yenguva dzose rwezvemabhengi tsika.

Brazil Central Bank Board Directors anosarudza mirayiridzo uye yezvinoreva mabasa ezvokutengeserana mabhanga ne Restricted rezinesi uye, kana zvakakodzera, anenge ari zviitiko vasiri kuwanda kwavari mutemo pamusoro zvokutengeserana mabhanga.

Paid-up guru National vezvokutengeserana bhengi muna Brazil hakufaniri kuva zvishoma pane mamiriyoni 40 dirhams (pamusoro US $ 10.9 miriyoni.). Matavi vatorwa mabhanga vanotarisirwa kuiswa Central Bank of Brazil yakaenzana mari mune imwe vakasununguka convertible mari sezvo guta yesangano kuti rwezvemabhengi mabasa. Zvinodiwa kuti shoma uwandu guta nekambani bhangi anogona rakadzokororwa pa zano iri Brazil Central Bank Board Directors kunotenderwa neDare Vashumiri. Executive Order anofanira kubudiswa muna Official Gazette (The Official Gazette). Kana kuderedza uwandu guta pazasi padanho zvakatangwa murayiro Central Bank of Brazil Executive Committee anosarudza kukura vanodzishayiwa uye anogadza kubhengi izwi kuti muzadze guta kusvikira runodiwa kukura. Nguva iyi inogona haapfuuri rimwe gore. The Executive Committee ane chete kodzero kukurira penhau mhando iyi.

Pakusarudza kana kupa rwezvemabhengi marezinesi rokutengesa mabhanga Central Bank of Brazil anodzora kuvapo kwayo mubumbiro zvokudya pamusoro wepagore dhipoziti 10% kuti mambure purofiti sechinhu chinokosha kuchengeterwa sokuvapo kwomugove asingadi kusvika padanho 50% mari-up guta kana ayo yakaenzana mune zvakasununguka convertible mari, maiva Central kumahombekombe Brazil mapazi dzimwe mabhanga.
Banking rezinesi - inodiwa zvimiso pakatanga zvebhizimisi bhengi. Zvinonzi wakabudiswa zvasarudzwa sachigaro Central Bank of Brazil, kana Board Directors mvumo Board Directors pamwechete mvumo yacho munhu ane Bhuku akakodzera mashoko ari Official Gazette uye hwomukova marezinesi pamahombekombe, Central Bank of Brazil nekugadzirwa yokunyoresa. Kana kuramba ape rezinesi nekuzivisa izvozvo akatumwa Bank kuti wacho mukati memazuva 15 kubva pamusi kusarudza pokuramba.

Brazil Central Bank Board Directors anosarudza mashoko kunyorerana hurongwa nezvezvinotaurwa mabhanga nokuda issuance zviri rezenisi, mazita magwaro kuti akabvuma uye ruzivo, uyewo Panovhurwa bazi dzarwo mitemo (kuvhurika nemahofisi mutsva Brazil kana kumwe, kushandura navo dzimwe nzvimbo, mukuvhara).

Chero kuchinja kuti Bank kuti Mutemi uchapinda simba musi kwokunyoreswa kwavo mazita inobva Mutongo kudzorwa Central Bank of Brazil. Yakarambwa nekukumbirira kushanduka nemitemo kunyoresa vanogona nyaya Central Bank of Brazil kuti Board Directors, uyo anopa mutongo wokupedzisira.

Kugumiswa remapazi ezvokutengeserana mabhanga (kusanganisira nezvichaitika kwemapazi nomumwe mubhengi) anobvumirwa chete mvumo sachigaro Board Directors kana munhu mvumo naye kuna Board Directors mvumo yacho munhu. The mvumo arege rakapa kusvikira nguva dzakadai Central Bank of Brazil ndiyo kugutsikana kuti wacho akazadzisa zvose mitoro aro vatengi uye zvikwereti uye kugadzirisa navo yakakodzera chimiro nokuti Central Bank of Brazil.

Commercial Bank Kumiswa- kubva mazita zvinotevera nyaya:

• akumbirwa yezvokutengeserana pamahombekombe;
• kana kubhangi akakundikana tanga akavhiyiwa mukati gore rimwe kubva musi ziviso pamusoro kunyoresa;
• kana mubhengi ikanyarara akavhiyiwa kupfuura gore;
• kana kubhangi anonzi kusauka;
• kune imwe batanidzo nomumwe pamahombekombe;
• ari chiitiko chakakura Kuipa liquidity uye creditworthiness;
• kune kwakakomba kutyorwa rwezvemabhengi mitemo, mirayiro, mirayiridzo, nhungamiro, uye nhungamiro yokudzora rwezvemabhengi mabasa munyika.

Commercial Bank chokudzingwa kubva yokunyoresa sachigaro mvumo kana mvumo munhu ane mvumo kubva Board Directors. Kusarudza haabatanidzi kubhengi kubva mazita hwozouya simba kana kubva musi bhuku kwayo muna Official Gazette, kana kubva musi zvinoratidzwa chisarudzo pacharo. Saka munhu rwezvemabhengi rezinesi iri kwaita yakabviswa kubva pamusi chisarudzo pamusoro achisiya zita kubhengi kubva yokunyoresa.

zita Kunze kubhengi kubva yokunyoresa inoita rokumanikidzirwa liquidation, kana pakunamata bhengi mashoko kubvisa kubva yokunyoresa. The liquidation rinoitwa maererano nemitemo zvinoshanda uye nemirayiro zviri kusarudza haabatanidzi kubhengi kubva mazita.

The Kazhinji ndiko kuisa shambadzo pamusoro kunopfuurira liquidation nekambani bhangi muna Official Gazette uye mumapepanhau dzinenge mbiri zuva nezuva nzvimbo yepamutemo Kero kubhengi. Kuzivisa inofanira kutaurwa kumwedzi nyasha kugamuchirwa vatengi uye zvikwereti nezviyero kuti kuzadziswa kodzero dzavo, yakashuma zita liquidator, mvumo kuti aite mari pamusoro kunoshamisa deposits nezvimwe kwema kuti kutora nzvimbo pashure pakazovharwa mubhangi iyo kare vatengi asina kushumwa hapana vaitaura.

Kana liquidation yacho kubhangi nokuda achisiya zita rake kubva sachigaro mazita kubhengi kana munhu mvumo naye pachisarudzo chake haabatanidzi kubva mazita zvingaratidza musi pakazovharwa mubhangi nezita sangano, izvo mumaoko pakupera asina kugadziriswa musi wekuvhara zveefa. CB Brazil rinotarisira bhengi kushandiswa, mu nedanho kuchaitwa, kusvikira kwokupedzisira dzivharwe mahofisi ayo.
The Mhando remapazi kuteererwa Brazil zvokutengeserana mabhanga, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti akafanana kushanda ezvokutengeserana pemahombekombe dzimwe nyika munyika nekudunhu, uye runoonekwa nesu, zvikurukuru, munyaya pamusoro rwezvemabhengi gadziriro yacho State of Qatar. Pano zvishoma kuti zvemitemo constraints iri Implementation vamwe kushanda Brazil ezvokutengeserana mabhanga.

Kurambidzwa rokutengesa mabhanga

Zvikurukuru, yezvokutengeserana mabhanga hazvibvumidzwe kuita pachake mabasa avo chokuita kugadzirwa (kana) Kutengeswa nhumbi. Kusara ndiyo negashiro nhumbi ari kuunganidzwa receivables kubhengi counterparties. Zvisinei, saka-vakawana pfuma ushandiswe ezvidzidzo mukati nguva pakutsvaga Manager Commercial Bank.

Limited uye kodzero ezvokutengeserana mabhanga kutenga dzavo nokuda (kuita ayo pachiyero jira) pfuma, haisi chaiyo twa (zvivakwa basa uye zvivako, dzimba mudonzvo) kana kuti pfuma zvaitambidzwa nokuda nechikwereti kubhadhara chikwereti chake kubhengi. Property akagamuchira sechikwereti zvaizopedza, ave mutemo, chinozoiswa mukati makore matatu kubva musi rwokutenga, asi Implementation nguva anogona chokuwedzera maneja dzokutengesa bhengi.

Commercial mabhanga hazvibvumidzwe kuchengeta nhaka kana kuchinjanisa migove yavo, kunze nyaya wokusvika kwavo chikwereti kubhadhara. Muchiitiko chino, vanofanira kutengeswa mukati makore maviri kubva musi ndapa.

Commercial mabhanga varege kuwana migove kana zvisungo oga vatengesi zvinopfuura 25% oga mari kubhangi kuti, kunze nyaya pakuunganidza nokuripira muzvikwereti. Panyaya iyi, zvakawandisa kuchengetedzeka inofanira kutengeswa mukati makore maviri kubva musi ndapa. akavarambidza izvi hairevi kutenga ezvokutengeserana Bank migove uye zvisungo rakapa kana inosimbiswa yeUnited hurumende kana mamiriro masangano.

A vakaparadzana boka, muganhu neanokweretesa miganhu nevarikutonga mudonzvo ezvokutengeserana pemahombekombe nomumwe vatengi uye zvinhu:

• Zvikwereti uye mberi kuti nhengo revatungamiriri vatungamiriri, vatungamiriri madhipatimendi uye zvimwe mukuru mudonzvo mukati pachiyero zvavo iyezvino nhoroondo pamwe Bank anogona rakapa chete maererano ine pre-anotenderwa rezinesi-wepagore kufungidzira;
• mabhanga havabvumirwi vanokweretesawo vatengi vavo pamusoro kuchengetedzwa migove yavo guru pamahombekombe;
• yaipedzerwa zvikwereti uye Tera akapa nokuda kuvaka zvebhizimisi kana dzinogarwa Real Estate anogona haapfuuri 20% zvachose deposits. An Kunze yakaitwa chete mabhanga kushandisa urongwa zvikwereti chikwereti zvichienderana chaiyo rezinesi Central Bank of Brazil;
• pasina tendero mvumo of Central Bank of Brazil ezvokutengeserana mabhanga havana kodzero kuti ape mufambi wacho macheki.