Country Lebanon guru, nhoroondo, mapikicha

Country yeRebhanoni rayo kare, akamborara anopfuura gumi inoparadza hondo. Ndokusaka kamwe nokubudirira hurumende nhasi kunzi murefu. Asi, pasinei nokurwadziwa vakatambura, Rebhanoni akakwanisa kuchengetedza ayo rakasiyana hunhu, dzayo pamipata makomo, nemipaini yemiorivhi uye mahombekombe uyewo nhoroondo uye mapurani Zvivako zvinokwezva vashanyi vanobva munyika yose.

jogirafi

Country yeRebhanoni mashoko uchava rinobatsira vashanyi kuronga kupedza mazororo avo mundima yayo, kumabvazuva kwemhenderekedzo inodziya kweGungwa reMediterranean. The zvachose nzvimbo nyika duku iri 10.452 mativi mamita. ? km.

Iyo nyika inoganhurana Lebanon? Kuchamhembe uye kumabvazuva ane zvakajairika miganhu neSiriya, uye kumaodzanyemba - neIsraeri. kunzvimbo Western eRebhanoni Ndashambidza paGungwa reMediterranean.

Rebhanoni conventionally akakamurwa zvina zvikuru akasiyana physiographic nharaunda. Izvi zvinosanganisira mubani riri pedyo negungwa uye gomo siyana ane zita iroro pamwe zita renyika, kuti Bekaa Valley uye Anti-Lebanon wemakomo eJudhiya. The yakakwirira munyika kuMiddle East ari pamusoro muhomba Kurnes al-Saud. gomo iri hunopfuura pasi pamwero pa 3083 mamita.

Pakati zhinji nenzizi Rebhanoni ane wakarebesa. Akatumidza Litani. rwizi Iri 140? km refu Zara kuburikidza nechepakati uye kumaodzanyemba kumatunhu munyika. With Lebanon rakatanga nzizi huru yakadai Hasbani uye Orontes. Kuwedzera nyika iyi, ivo vanotakura mvura yavo Israeri uye Siria.

Origin of zita

Maererano nedzimwe venhoroondo, shoko "Lebanon" rinobva pashoko vekare vokuPezhiya "Quince". Ashandurwa zvinoreva "dzepasi kamuri" kana "chinjiri pamusoro pembiru."

Pane imwe shanduro, maererano iyo, guta guru yeRebhanoni, zita rakapiwa vaHebheru vekare. Zviri mumutauro wavo vanofanira kutsvaka Midzi kutumidza nyika iyi Middle East. Akashandurwa kubva kwaari shoko "Lebanon" rinoreva "gomo chena".

yekare kare

Country Lebanon akanga rikwezve kugara sezvo mangwanani sezvo rechi10 remakore. BC. e. Uye pashure 7 zvemakore iri munharaunda yayo akatanga kuonekwa wokutanga guta-inoti, chikamu chikuru chavagari chakanga vatengesi uye kuvafambisi vengarava.

PaMhenderekedzo yeMediterranean, vaFenikiya akavamba kugarwa kwavo. Pakanga pasina centralized kuzvidzora. Ndokusaka kuchengeta kutonga vanhu vakashandisa simba uye uchenjeri enyika kweguta-States. VaFenikiya vakanga unyanzvi nemhizha wokutanga wekuvamba arufabheti. rudzi urwu aiva nesimba zvikepe ayo uye nomugungwa unyanzvi. Vashambadziri Its vanouya pamhenderekedzo kuna Spain, Egypt, Northern Europe uye pamhenderekedzo kondinendi African. Vatengesi Phoenician vakanga vachitengesa magirazi uye akakurumbira mushava jira. Asi kunyanya kudiwa pakati vatengi achiri kushandiswa misidhari kuti akakura ari mujinga yeRebhanoni. Kubva zvemakore emiti uyu muti simba vakavaka ngarava huru. The chikuru Nzvimbo eRebhanoni mumazuva iwayo aiva maguta akadai neSidhoni, Tire, Byblos uye Berytus (kupa muBeirut).

Phoenician wezvokutengeserana chindingindingi yakaparadzwa nevaAsiriya remakore rechi9. BC. e. Next kuti idzi vakauya neovavilonyane, uye ipapo, ari 6th remakore. BC. e., vakatsiviwa nevaPezhiya. The 4-m. BC. e. nyika yakakundwa Aleksandrom Makedonskim. Pashure paizvozvo Phoenician ezvinhu pakupedzisira yakapararawo. The 1-m. BC. e. pedyo Ijipiti neSiriya vakanga aizokundwa Rome. Fenikiya akasvika pasi pesimba vanopinda nechisimba. Nharaunda iyi reMediterranean mamiriro yakava chikamu reSiriya province.

A enguva itsva

Pakati 634 uye 639 makore. pamusoro nyika muMediterranean navaArabhu akauya. Akakunda Siriya, akatendeuka kumahombekombe reFenikiya guta-inoti munzvimbo duku. MaArab uchipinda vaigara makomo munyika, kudzidza chinokosha nyika yakaorera iri ikoko.

The 4-m. BC. e. Rebhanoni yakava chikamu Byzantine Empire. Ndima yayo yave kuwana ayo chinzvimbo chiKristu. Zvisinei, anopfuura zana paRebhanoni yaitongwa Umayyads. Ivo vaiva guru hwedzinza vaMuslim rokutanga, akarima vanhu chitendero chavo. Somugumisiro, munyika maiva kakawanda Kusanzwisisana pakati vatsigiri kutenda uye vaKristu veko uyewo vaJudha. Kushingaira kunyanya vaiva muSiriya Maronites, kururamisa zvavo kugarwa pedyo Mount reRebhanoni.

Muna 750, nyika yokuMiddle East akatanga kutonga Abbasids. Umambo uhwu, mumwe enyika waiva muRebhanoni, kusvikira muzana remakore rechi11. Next, simba wakabatwa Fatimid youmambo, uyo dzakamanikidzwa kuripa ngwizhingwi vairwa muhondo dzemachechi. Shure navo mundima weSiria, Egypt, Yemen uye vokumadokero Arabia yakarwisa Muslim Ayyubids. Asi vasina nguva kuumba wake umambo, vakanga rinoputswa Mamluks - ake nevarume-varanda. vakundi izvi akatonga eRebhanoni kubva muzana remakore rechi13.

Mushure matatu emakore ose Mamelukes mapfumo zvinzvimbo zvavo pasi kumanikidzwa ndiwo madzishe Tanuhida - dzemadzinza vatungamiriri paRebhanoni. Part munyika muzana remakore rechi16. Rakanga akabatwa hweOttoman Sultan Selim, nokukurumidza uyo chikatsiviwa matarenda Fakhraddin mitemo. The Sultan akakwanisa wokubatanidza yose, iyo iri ikozvino, uye ndiyo nyika inonzi Lebanon.

Nhoroondo ano mamiriro

Pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi19. nyika yakakamurwa dzikava mbiri hweOttoman administrative dunhu: Maronite uye Druze. Between kumatunhu kazhinji kukakavara kuti aikurudzira hweOttoman Empire pachena. Somugumisiro kusawirirana kuti agumise hondo, yakanga vakapinda kwete chete Maronites uye Druze, asiwo kuramba vatungamiri vavo feudal uye vanhuwo zvavo. In okuparadza kunetsana aifanira kupindira enyika kunyange European. Pasi zvavo kumanikidzwa, kuti kuvaOttoman dzakamanikidzwa vabatane Rebhanoni kuparadza feudal maitiro uye kugadza gavhuna muKristu. Ino enyika kusvikira Rokutanga World War, panguva iyo nyika yakanga aizokundwa Turkish militarists. Pashure pokugadzwa nyika kuti kuMiddle East rava mamiriro akatonga France.

Chii zvakawanda vakamirira Rebhanoni? Munyika nhoroondo hwachinja pashure peHondo Yenyika II. The Hurumende yawana kuzvitonga uye akava kupfuura wokutengesera. Iyi ndiyo nguva apo Rebhanoni nyika ndiyo muzinda zvetsika-nhoroondo uye zvemari zviri dzechiArab nyika, uyewo kuMiddle East kana Eastern Switzerland, Paris. Zvisinei, muna 1975 hurumende akanga akamirira bvunzo itsva. Panguva iyi, Lebanon akambundira zvoupfumi. Uyezve, vaMuslim mubatanidzwa vaKristu zvakanaka bapiro yakakanda yehondo, urwo rwakatora anenge maviri emakore.

Rebhanoni - zvanzi nyika nhasi? Pari hurumende iri nzira kumutsidzirwa upfumi hwayo. Ndima yayo ari kushingaira Pakukurukura nzvimbo indasitiri, izvo, kufanana emakore akawanda akapfuura, rinounza nefuma zvikuru kuti hurumende bhajeti. izvi zvose akava zvichibvira nemhaka yokuti Lebanese vanhu akakwanisa kuchengetedza vapfumi munhoroondo nharaunda, iyo mumwe nomumwe anogona kuonekwa mumapako yamakomo uye zvivako yekare, Ages nhare mosques. Nhasi, mumaguta nyika yokuMiddle East dzinokura, pane vemahotera ano, uye vari yemugomo rakarongeka state plesieroorde, akadai Mzaar, Faraya uye Lakluk.

Climate

Rebhanoni - munyika apo pane mapazi reMediterranean subtropics. Nokuti nzvimbo iyi kunoratidzwa inopisa yechirimo uye chilli dzechando madhaka. Muna July, avhareji tembiricha iri madhigirii 28, uye muna January - +13 ° C. Frosts kuitika chete mune dzimwe nzvimbo gomo.

Vazhinji kunayisa inowira kumadokero munharaunda yeRebhanoni. Misoro soro makomo rose gore akafukidzwa nesinou.

Uyo vanorota nzvimbo kana outorwa rwoku nyika ino, zvakanaka kuti ndikwane nguva kubva April kusvikira May uye kubva October kusvika November. Ndiwo mwedzi kana mamiriro ekunze kunonyanya hwomutambarakede vanhu.

Vanoda the pazororo zvinganaka kuenda Rebhanoni munguva kubva November kusvika April. The munhu uyo yokutanga iri pamahombekombe zororo, Zvinokurudzirwa kutenga Tours kuMediterranean kubva April kusvika November. Chero zvakanga, akasvika paRebhanoni muzhizha, unogona kunakidzwa dzinoshambira mugungwa, uye ipapo akapedza awa mumugwagwa, kuti kune chando-akafukidzwa the dzisina.

muzvarirwo

Kakawanda, zviri Mediterranean neparera ichi anonzi Lebanon. Zvanzi nyika iri munharaunda munyika kasvisto uye fauna of? Kuchitaura kuti hunhu yeRebhanoni zvinoshamisa wakajeka. Nyika kubva kuchamhembe kusvika kumaodzanyemba iri vakayambukira ne neeSultan maviri gomo. Mumwe wavo anomhanya akaererana mumhenderekedzo yegungwa mubani, izvo akapoteredzwa girini mabhanana rabha uye Orange neyemiorivhi. Izvi Mount Lebanon. Vaya dzakatenuka aro vanotarisana gungwa, akafukidzwa nemasango pomuouki, yeSiriya Maple, Laurel nemiorivhi yomusango. In dzakanga dzine, kwete kure misoro, omujunipa inokura, panewo diki yakatsaurwa omusidhari eRebhanoni (ayo siluetti chinogona kuoneka national flag munyika).

Chechipiri wemakomo eJudhiya - Anti-Lebanon - inokwira kumabvazuva kwenyika pamwe kumiganhu neSiriya. Pano unogona kuwana mumapako, yakashongedzwa "sekristaro" inodonha ose stalagmites uye stalactites. Kubva nenhongonya gomo nokukurumidza kutakura mvura yavo yomurwizi, kushandiswa sezvo pakutengeserana nokuti Rafting.

Pakati neeSultan maviri ndiyo Bekaa Valley Lebanese. Kumaodzanyemba ndima yayo iri dura chaicho munyika, uye chave emakore akawanda, nguva uchikudziridzwa murume.

guta

Kudeuka Guta Rebhanoni muBeirut. Izvi hazvisi chete yakakurumbira chiteshi chengarava, asiwo munyika guru. Pari, Beyrouth chikuru zvemari uye rwezvemabhengi muzinda kuMiddle East mudunhu. Uyezve, pane vakawanda nemasangano dzakawanda.

Guta guru Rebhanoni anotanga kutaurwa muzana remakore rechi15. BC. e. akadana Baruth. Kwenguva refu, guta kugona kukwikwidzana neSidhoni uye Tiroy. ichatonga zvine mbiri yayo vakauya pakasvika vaRoma, uyo akaita kuti Siriya yeBeirut nepakati uye akapoteredza Mediterranean pamhenderekedzo.

Muna 635 guta rakanga ratorwa ne navaArabhu, akatendeuka nayo muruoko reArab Caliphate. Kubva 1516 kusvika 1918 yeBeirut aiva ne vokuTurkey makanyatsomudzidzisa vomunzvimbo tsika dzavo. Next waiva musimboti mamiriro hanya kuFrance. Uye chete muna 1941 muguta guru yeRebhanoni rava guta guru iri yakazvimirira zvokuvhoterwa.

Beyrouth akanga zvakakomba munguva 1975 yehondo mufambiro kwakanga, asi pakazopera remakore rechi20. inguva ndiponesezve nayo. Nhasi tsika, njere uye muzinda wezvokutengeserana kumabvazuva kweMediterranean. Guta zvakanaka dzakabudirira duku uye svikiro mabhizimisi, basa, maindasitiri kugadzirwa kwezvokudya, dehwe uye Whitehead Textile Mazinga. Uyezve, yeBeirut ndiko ekisipota zvibereko, mafuta omuorivhi uye sirika.

Kwete kure guru yeRebhanoni chinhu yendege. It rinobatanidza nyika yose makondinendi redu.

uwandu hwevanhu

Modern Lebanon - Arab nyika. 95% of zvachose vakawanda, uye zviri kumativi mamiriyoni 4 - navaArabhu. The yasara 5% yevanhu eRebhanoni akapa Kurds, vaGiriki, vokuArmenia, vokuTurkey, uye zvichingodaro. D. Zvinofadza kuti nhasi munyika mafuta-vapfumi akagona kusimudza hupfumi aro pamwero kuti haasi pakati pavageremo pekugara nevaipemha.

Rebhanoni - nyika Muslim. Pashure pezvose, kutenda uku pano inoomerera kusvika 60% of zvachose kwevanhu. VaKristu vanoumba 39%. The yasara chikamu chavagari nezvimwe zvitendero.

VaKristu vanowanzoda kusiya nyika ino Middle East. Vari kusiya nyika, kusarudza pakati Latin America, Israel, nyika dzokuEurope, USA. Rebhanoni kare kugona nechokwadi vakachengeteka zvavo maererano aizotambudzazve Palestinian magandanga. Zvino vaKristu vari munzira kuenda kumwe nokuda muuto enyika bato Hezbollah.

Mutauro unonyanya kushandiswa uri Arabic. Zvisinei, vagari vazhinji Lebanon vari kutaura French uye Chirungu.

zvisakamboonekwa

Rebhanoni - chaiye nhoroondo miziyamu kuMiddle East. On nharaunda nyika duku iri upfumi tsika uye zviwanikwa zvinokwezva. Pakati pavo:

• mukuru guta panyika - Byblos;
• temberi, yakavakwa muzana hweRoma, riri Baalbek;
• vakasara kamwe simba reFenikiya guta inoti (Tire, Sidhoni uye Trablosa);
• akachengetedzwa kubva nguva Omayyadov nemasvingo guta Anjar (58 Km from muBeirut);
• Beiteddine wamambo yakaoma;
• Saint-akararama - Ages Castle, riri muguta Tripoli.

A dzakawanda dzinonakidza zvenhoroondo nzvimbo zvinogona kuonekwa muguta dzose Republic eRebhanoni. Somuenzaniso, muguta guru ndiye National Museum, Sidhoni - Sea Castle Museum uye sipo. Interesting nzvimbo excursions achava Cedar Park, iri panzvimbo kukwira 2 zviuru. Mamita. Pano unogona kuwana miti, vane zera iri makore 2000.

Pakati dzinonakidza zvinokwezva Rebhanoni zvakare dzoga:

• Chechi Ioanna Krestitelya, iri nechepakati chikamu guta Byblos;
• Rising Rock, inova chimwe zvivako zvikuru vekare muBeirut;
• Sursock Museum, mazita musayendisiti uyo Sapasi;
• MuKirikia Museum, inova chitsuwa Armenian tsika;
• Jeita mumapako, chinoshamisa nokuda kwayo runako (riri pedyo yeBeirut mumupata rwizi Nahr al-Kalb).

batanidzo

In Beyrouth, kwakapararira cellular kukurukurirana, asi unoenderana GSM-900. Local SIM kadhi kugamuchira kuuya zvinoda mahara. ushamwari mari iri kuwanda masendi nomwe paminiti. Panewo kungomberereka paRebhanoni pamwe vaitungamirira Russian cellular network dzaishandisa. Mari miniti rimwe kukurukura nyika yedu inenge miviri madhora.

Kunoda mhiri vakatakudzwa uye kubva hotels, kubva landlines uye payphones mumugwagwa. In Lebanon, rinopa nezvemarudzi maviri kudana makadhi. Vamwe vavo (Telecard) kushandisa chete kana uchishandisa dzomumaguta payphones. Second (Kalam) akakodzera maererano chero runhare.

Kudana nyika yokuMiddle East, vanofanira kuziva nyika remitemo kuti Rebhanoni. Aifanira gamha dzakawanda kukurukurirana.

Country Bumbiro Lebanon - 961. Zvinofanira dialed kufanana Mobile uye kuti maererano kuti pafoni pafoni.

Features nyika

In Lebanon kurarama ushamwari uye vane mutsa vanhu, vachiomerera, somunhu ushe, European bumbiro mufambiro. Zvisinei, zvinokosha kuyeuka kuti nyika ino kumabvazuva ane nhamba zvinhu. Somuenzaniso, kana Lebanese akabayira iwe kofi, haufaniri kurega. kusada Your kutora pamusoro mukuru chiratidzo yokusaremekedza.

Uyewo, regai kuita kukurukurirana vagari vemo pamusoro poukama madzinza kana kuti kukurukura zvematongerwo enyika. Usazvisarudzira mifananidzo Lebanese, pasina kukumbira mvumo.

Special mitemo dziripo kana tichishanyira mosques. Vanofanira kuenda mugomba namahwindo nguo. Uyezve, vakadzi vanofanira kusunga chinhu headscarf. Vamiririri akanaka hafu vanhu hakufaniri kufamba mumigwagwa pfupi chaizvo yaro uye zvakare rakavhurika bhurauzi.