Chinja: chii? chinja redunhu uye mhosva utariri

Shoko rokuti "chinja" inogona kuwanikwa zvakasiyana unyanzvi magwaro. Chii? In chinonyanya Kazhinji - zano nokuti nokuchinja nemagetsi nematunhu (anonongedzera) rinogona kuva zvemagetsi, Erekitironi-danda kana electromechanically.

In yakamanikana Mupfungwa inowanzopiwa atumidzwa kuvesa chinja, izvo takashongedzerwa chero motokari pamwe peturu injini. siyana uku haizoshandisi, kunyanya motokari, uye nyaya ino.

Background kuvesa hurongwa

Sezvazvakanyorwa zvinozivikanwa, mune imwe neimwe kushanda kutenderera peturu rekambani injini, pane danho vachigadzirira combustible mafuta-mhepo muvhenganiswa chacho combustion rwakazara. Asi musanganiswa ndipiswe, inofanira kuva chinhu kupisa.

Wokutanga mhinduro rinoshandiswa tanga motokari womukati injini, kuvesa aiva musanganiswa sokupenya chubhu rakapinzwa humburumbira uye preheat asati atanga injini. Kana huchishanda tembiricha iri chubhu yakanga akaramba nokuda anopisa neimwe ichitanga musanganiswa.

Sezvineiwo, chinopa kuvesa hurongwa magneto kushandiswa zvakafanana nemashoko pre-kuvesa pamusoro michini, asi pakutanga chete kuti maindasitiri gasi injini. Pfungwa iyi nokukurumidza kudzokororwa uye automakers, uye pashure nokugadzirwa kwakaitwa Robert Bosch muna 1902, senguva dzomoto chivhariso dzomoto hurongwa kwazova mureza.

Nheyo chinopa chivhariso

Pari vakawanda bhatiri hurongwa kuvesa kuitika kuitika tsime iri muchimiro motokari bhatiri panguva kutanga uye gwenya remagetsi kana injini achimhanya, kuti kuvesa coils ane transformer rurefu voltage yechipiri ichitenderera uko sesasaradzi chivhariso kuvesa, uye Distributor (chinja) Galvanzie . Basa chinja kuti nguva nenguva kudimburira magetsi wedunhu chezvinhu ichitenderera pamusoro kuvesa coils. Mumwe chidzivaidzo ayo ano remagineti huripo pakati pfungwa nzvimbo inogarwa tambo yacho yechipiri ichitenderera pamusoro kuvesa Coil iri, kunoderedza nokukurumidza. Saka, maererano nemutemo remagetsi induction panguva iyoyo pfungwa muchadenga kunounza chaizvo solenoidal yemagetsi munda, izvo zvinoitawo kuti yakakwirira kuchinyanya (kusvika 25 KV) ari yechipiri ichitenderera EMF kuvesa coils, dzomoto chivhariso electrodes kubvaruka. The voltage pakati pavo nokukurumidza chinosvika kukosha zvakakwanira Kuparara dzedenga pakakoromoka, uye ipapo ruchitedzemuka yemagetsi dzomoto dzakaparira chinotsva-mhepo nezvakasanganiswa.

Izvozvo dzava kushandisa kuvesa hurongwa?

Saka, motokari chinja. Chii uye nei kudiwa? Muchidimbu, mudziyo uyu, izvo ndehwokuti kuputsa remudunhu kuitika mune chikuru ichitenderera pamusoro kuvesa Coil rinonyanya dzinokodzera nguva ino.

In mana sitiroko rekambani injini, nguva ino ndepana pakuguma compression sitiroko (2nd anoshanda sitiroko chando), iyo pisitoni nguva pfupi asati kunosvika vanonzi pamusoro muzinda akafa (TDC), umo kure chero pfungwa pamusoro pisitoni kusvika crankshaft akabatana kuti vachishandisa kutenderera womukati injini iri kunonyanyisa. Sezvo crankshaft anoita dzeraundi makavharidzira rotational sangano, kuitika chidzivaidzo pfungwa yakasungirirwa vamwe nzvimbo yacho pamberi kuzvizadzisa uye pisitoni TDC chinzvimbo. The pakona pakati crankshaft chinzvimbo uye hunyambiri ndege inonzi kuvesa nguva. It zvichisiyana madhigirii 1 kusvika 30.

Vakapiwa nhoroondo, mubvunzo "Car chinja: chii?" - vanofanira kuva mutoro, zviri wokutanga zvemaziso, uye gare gare, sezvo zvemichina mberi, yemagetsi mudariki ari kuvesa coils.

Zvokuimba aizotangira kuvesa chinja

Chaizvoizvo, chinja ane mudziyo chikazikamwa chete yapfuura, pashure yava zvizere zvemagetsi. Asi kutanga, kubva 1910, apo motokari "cadillac" akazviratidza kekutanga ane otomatiki kuvesa hurongwa, basa rayo pamwe chete mamwe mabasa anoitwa pasi Distributor (timer). duality Iri ndiro zita akasimuka nokuda kwake hunyambiri basa iri kuvesa mugadziriro. Kudivi rimwe, magetsi ari chikuru ichitenderera pamusoro kuvesa coils zvinokosha kuti vasavhiringidza - saka "Chopper". Ukuwo, muprista voltage ichitenderera pamusoro kuvesa coils anofanira rave richiparadzirwa kuti huvepo plugs vose sepombi, uye pamwe aida vatungamirire yorusvingo. Nokudaro yechipiri yezana rokuti - "Distributor".

Sezvo aishanda timer?

Mudariki-nzira vharafu kunodzorwa majana maererano crankshaft mugodhi chomukati runoti ndee munhu dielectric rotor ane kutenderera-mubato tokoraznosnoy ndiro panguva nemagumo. By chitubu-monica ndiro emasiraidhi kabhoni bhurasho kwakabatana refu voltage nechepakati kuonana ari Distributor pakavha, izvo zvinozoita zvakabatana yedzimwe ichitenderera pamusoro kuvesa coils. Tokoraznosnaya ndiro nguva nenguva vaswedera dzinongoda pachifunhiro charo tramblera nevanhu yakakwirira voltage waya kunotungamirira mba sepombi. Panguva ino mune yechipiri ichitenderera vangapiwa kunoitika mukuru voltage, izvo chinodzinga maviri mhepo musiyano: tokoraznostnoy pakati mundiro uye kuonana waya uye kuti dzomoto ichi pakati electrodes ari chimvari.

Musi iwoyo mugodhi vakatasva cams, izvo nhamba zvinotipa uwandu sepombi uye mumwe cam that miganhu kuzarurwa panguva imwe chete kubatana nevanhu chaiyo dzomoto kuitika interrupter zvaisanganisira mudunhu iri kuvesa coils chepuraimari windings.

Kuti pakati vokukurukura ari muputsi regai kukonzera zvemoto apo akazaruka, kwakabatana akaererana mukuru-kukwanisa capacitor. Apo akazarura muputsi contactsGoogle emf vakafurira mu chikuru ichitenderera hunokonzera kuitika kuti undoraira capacitor, asi nokuda kwayo yakakwirira vachikwanisa voltage mhiri nayo, uye saka kuonana yokutanga, zviri pazasi mhepo Kuparara.

Asi zvakadini vatungamirire yorusvingo?

Sezvo chikazozikamwa, aine vasanyanye kakawanda vachishandisa kutenderera crankshaft musanganiswa ari sepombi vanofanira vesa ayo sitiroko compression mu gare gare, chete pamberi TDC, kureva, kuvesa angled zvinofanira kuderedzwa. Asiwo, nokuwedzera kuti rotational nokukurumidza muna compression sitiroko musanganiswa anofanira vesa mangwanani, i.e. mberi angled kuwedzera. The timer anoita ichi mashandiro Centrifugal regulator mechanically machira kuti chinja cams yokutanga. Iye akatendeukira pamusoro nomubato pamusoro Distributor kuti pakupedzisira iri compression sitiroko anovhura vokukurukura zviri mudariki musanganiswa.

Lead angled kuchinja kunokosha uye pane kugara kakawanda apo injini mutoro zvinosiyana. Basa iri rinoitwa rinokosha mudziyo - mumwe Vacuum regulator kuvesa.

Pakuonekwa rokutanga haizoshandisi

By pakuguma 70s remakore rapfuura zvakava pachena kuti dukusa raiva pedyo nebundu tramblera ndivo kuonana mudariki, kuburikidza iyo ikatanga yakazara chepuraimari kuitika. Ndivo vanopisira nguva uye dzakabvarurwa. Naizvozvo, wokutanga mhinduro waiva rinokosha yemagetsi chinja redunhu kuti vasavhiringidza magetsi ari coils. Nechemberi kwayo Low voltage redunhu zviteshi raisanganisira waya kubva kwakajairika kuonana mudariki tramblera. Zvisinei, zvino, hazvina kuvhiringidzwa vokukurukura zvachose mamiriro pamusoro kuvesa coils, uye duku kuitika mune mazano redunhu chinja.

Chaizvoizvo electronic chinja rave zvayakaita kuitirwa yoga chikwata uye zvakabatanidzwa (akumbirwa mutyairi) kusvika dzekare timer. Izvi kuvesa gadziriro inonzi kuonana mail. Akanga mukurumbira zvikuru 80s remakore rapfuura. Kunyange nhasi unogona vachiri kuona motokari vakapakata nayo.

Driving nokudyidzana chinja yemagetsi hurongwa mberi transistors.

Danho rinotevera - kuramba nokudyidzana mudariki

Contact mudariki kunyange yakaderera kuitika chimiro, rinoshandiswa neZvapupu wemagetsi kuvesa hurongwa, inoramba kusimba kwazvo fundo. Naizvozvo, automakers vakaita zvikuru kuita kuhupedza. Kuedza aya korona kubudirira pashure kusikwa asiri kuonana Switch-Distributor pahwaro ari Switch Hall.

Zvino, pane cams anoverengeka ari Distributor mugodhi vakatanga kuisa cylindrical negomba chidzitiro uye utorwe pamwe slits therebetween, uye chine nhamba mapofu cheap car insurance zvakaenzana nokuwanda injini sepombi. Machira uye chinovhara cheap car insurance kutamira ari remagineti zvinoberekwa magineti wechigarire, zvekare kuva vakasiyana vachiongorora Hall. Chero bedzi chinofamba apfuura neketeni rechinhu chinovhara, kuti goho voltage pamusoro Switch Hall chinoshayikwa. Kana shutter kuchatsiviwa mumwe mutswe pamwe Switch Hall yemagetsi hushande pamusoro kupomba voltage yabviswa, zvichiratidza kudiwa kukanganisa magetsi ari chikuru ichitenderera pamusoro kuvesa coils. Izvi kupomba voltage iri pachishandiswa waya kuti adzikatidza chinja kuitika munyika kuvesa coils, apo zviri pre-yakakura uye akabva ashandisa kudzora pfungwa simba nokuchinja rwakazara.

Chimwe pachake ari napedyo Switch ane Distributor chikwata ane Manyiminya Switch, umo phototransistor inoshandiswa, panzvimbo zvachose magineti panzvimbo Switch Hall - akatungamirira. The Manyiminya Switch ine kutenderera chidzitiro pamwe mawindo uye utorwe.

The pakuonekwa chinja pachayo

Saka, muna contactless kuvesa gadziriro panzvimbo imwe kuonana tramblera vaviri vakaparadzana zviyero: napedyo (asi chete voltage yakaderera) Switch-nzira vharafu uye wemagetsi chinja. Mashandiro mukuru Kuparadzirwa voltage of sesasaradzi plugs vari Switch-njanji vachiri kuita zvokuimba muhombe mubato pamwe tokoraznosnoy ndiro.

Uye sei kudzora vachiridzira yorusvingo? vachiri mabasa aya akaita Centrifugal uye Vacuum regulators sechikamu geji-Distributor. Chokutanga izvi zvino akashandura cams pamusoro nomubato haachipo, uye vachambokanganwa ari shutter chidzitiro, nokudaro vachichinja kuvesa yorusvingo. The Vacuum regulator zvakare anokwanisa achinakurira Switch Hall yayo aizomubatsira ndiro, uyewo kuchinja angled ichi.

Kupiwa apa, mubvunzo: "The ano motokari chinja:? Chii" - zvinofanira kupiwa mhinduro iri zvayakaita chakaparadzana yemagetsi chikwata contactless kuvesa hurongwa.

Kurambirwa yakakwirira Kuparadzirwa voltage

Chakarebesa ari chinja anoramba zvemaziso mukuru voltage Distributor humburumbira nokuda chimvari. The dzinonakidza zvikuru ndechokuti raiva pedyo nebundu uyu zvakakwana hwakavimbika ndikasaberekesa zvakawanda zvichemo. Asi nguva hazvirevi mirai, uye pakutanga rino remakore, asi chinja kubatana redunhu ava kuchinja zvikuru inotevera.

In mota ano ndisipo mukuru Kuparadzirwa voltage kubva Coil kune makenduru siyana. Kusiyana neizvi, vari "kuwanda" pacharo coil uye simbi chishongedzo kenduru rimwe humburumbira. Zvino, pane kubatana nokuchinja chinopa yakakwirira voltage rinoitwa contactless nokuchinja kwakaita Coils kuti vakaderera voltage. Chokwadi, ichi zvinoomesa kuti chinja redunhu, asiwo yaibvira ano redunhu Magadzirirwo yakakura zvikuru.

In Motokari ano vane jekiseni injini chinja neKomisheni kana zvionera kudzora Unit injini, kana onboard kombiyuta. anotonga izvi kwete chete vakaongorora crankshaft kutenderera akurumidze, asi zvakasiyana nevamwe parameters zvinoratidza mafuta uye coolant, tembiricha-siyana zvinoriumba uye zvakatipoteredza. Yakavakirwa kwavo kuongorora-zvechokwadi nguva uye kushandura Ndokunyengetererai kuvesa nguva.

chinja pazvitadzo

Rakajairika zvokuimba kukundikana tramblera ari inopisa vokukurukura ake: Vose foni uye mukuru-voltage chimvari kutaura navo. To izvi hazvina kuitika (kanenge isiri nokukurumidza), unofanira kugara kuzoongorora navo, uye kana vakaumba rubatso, zvakakodzera kubvisa tsono mafaira kana yakanaka sandpaper.

Kana vainyeperwa capacitor kwakabatana munguva akaererana vokukurukura ari muputsi, kana resistor mudunhu iri nechepakati mukuru voltage electrode, vanogona kutsiviwa.

Atadze kushanda zvakanaka pamusoro yemagetsi chinja yakakonzerwa kukundikana Hall Switch pulses gudzazwi kana ufambe kuti coils pari yemanyorero irege ubatwe, nekuti yakadaro chinja haisi aigona kupetwa. Muchiitiko chino, somunhu ushe, vainyeperwa hadzisisina nyore chikatsiviwa itsva.

How kutarisa chinja?

Kana injini kukwira simbe "ichiyangarara", kana nematanga pamusoro go, kana asingadi kumhanya, tarisa kuvapo chinopa kubva kuvesa Distributor chokuita kuti Hall Switch chekenduru. Kuti aite izvi, sunungura kuti kupfeka nguwani broneprovodov, akaisa makenduru pamusoro "uremu" uye "kuruka kuti" crankshaft Starter. Kana pasina dzomoto kana zviri simba, unofanira kufamba kusvika chinja.

Asi sei kuedza chinja? Zvakakodzera kutsausa kuvesa pamusoro uye kuongorora kuti tsono voltmeter iri vakatsauka. Kana chinja iri OK, saka tinofanira tsauka mumatanho maviri. Museve First anopindura ane zvenguva nzvimbo umo kuchine 2-3 masekonzi, uye ipapo rinobva kune yokupedzisira (chezita) chinzvimbo. Kana museve pakarepo anotora kwokupedzisira nzvimbo yacho, unogona kuedza kutsiva chinja.

Unobva chinja

How kubatanidza chinja kusvika contactless kuvesa hurongwa? Zvinofanira kurangarirwa kuti ayo chinogumbura chinouraya zvakabatana ne waya mbiri zviteshi "B" uye "K" ari kuvesa coils, mumwe-waya matatu joko pamwe connector - kuti Switch Hall iri Switch-Distributor uye imwe waya - kuti "uremu." With chinouraya "+" zvakabatana kuti bhatiri chinja redunhu pa chinouraya "B" yacho coils.