Denisovan. Genome denisovan

Human hunhu, kwakabva murume - ndizvo excites vanhu kubvira kare. Kune shanduro dzakawanda uye zvokufungidzira. Masayendisiti ari kuitisa tsvakurudzo, vachiedza kuwana mhinduro dzemibvunzo yose. Ndaverenga nyaya, uchadzidza pamusoro mumwe subspecies vekare yakatotsakatika vanhu.

Denisovan kana denisovets anofungidzirwa hwaivapo muna Soloneshensky District Altai Krai pedyo Denisova Cave. Evidence nokuti ichi chakawanikwa siyana nguva uye dzakasiyana akaturikidzana mebako.

Panguva iyoyo, yakawana zvidimbu shanu chete, anobvumira hurukuro pamusoro denisovan. Zvisinei, Makwara izvi saka kure hakuna kukwana kudzorera ayo chitarisiko zvachose. Zvisinei, zvimedu kuwanikwa zvakakwana nharo kuti zvisaririra munhu wakasiyana zvasara Homo Sapiens, uyewo dzasara Neanderthal.

Denisova bako

bako ichi ndicho yakakurumbira matongo chiyeuchidzo, izvo zvinogona pamusoro Altai. Denisovan akararama pano, makiromita 250 kubva muguta Biisk. Bako riri chaizvo guru, nzvimbo 270 m².

Riri pedyo nemisha yedzinza chinjikira mhando, izvo chinokwezva guru nhamba zvevashanyi. Zvisinei, pano zvakare pane mumatongo, basa rakaoma izvo zvichiri zvakatungamirira somugumisiro.

Maererano migumisiro zvidzidzo zviri dzapasi akaturikidzana mubako, ane makore anenge zviuru 120 makore, ibwe maturusi uye zvishongo akawanikwa, uyewo zvisaririra womunhu yekare, vaakatumidzawo Denisovskoe.

Zvidimbu denisovan masaridzwa

Munguva Kuvapo reSoviet ehurumende molars vatatu vaakawana kukura zvikuru kupfuura meno dzevanhu vari musoro. Maererano kuongororwa, ivo vaiva murume mumwe munhu muduku. Uyewo yakawanikwa chaenga phalanx, kuti Kuongorora chinhu chiitwe kusvikira ikozvino.

pfupa phalanx mwana Munwe - At yakazotevera kumwedzi, ane chimwe chinhu chakawanikwa muna 2008.

Genome denisovan

Zvidimbu kuwanikwa phalanx denisovan vakanga vadzidza chikwata Leipzig Institute for shanduka Anthropology masayendisiti. The ongororo yakaratidza kuti mitochondrial DNA denisovan akasiyana mitochondrial muDNA Homo sapiens pa 385 nucleotide. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti Neanderthal genome yakasiyana genome pamusoro Homo Sapiens 202 nucleotides.

Denisovan noukama hwepedyo Neanderthals kupfuura zvine munhu. Uyewo kucherechedza ndechokuti majini avo akawanikwa ari vokuMelanesia, uye kuti kunoita kuti titaure pamusoro guru kuyambuka vanhu panguva apo vokuMelanesia yakabuda Africa uye akatamira nechokumaodzanyemba-kumabvazuva.

zvizvarwa denisovan

Maererano zvidzidzo, denisovan akaparadzaniswa somunhu subspecies kweinenge 400-800 zviuru zvemakore akapfuura. Nhasi, muchidzidza inowanikwa Denisova Cave zvimedu unokubvumira kuwana majini ayo munyika zhinji ano. Somuenzaniso, vakawanda chete zvinhu zvinowanikwa vagere kunyika Southeast Asia uye kumaodzanyemba China, pasinei nokuti akawana zvisaririra ava vekare vanhu kuSiberia.

Zvakanga zvakare kuwanikwa kuti zita subspecies yakatotsakatika vanhu, uyewo Neanderthal murume, akapfuura vomuEurope majini nokuda zvirwere. Nokuda kuwanikwa ichi waivawo kuita kombiyuta muenzaniso unoratidza yokutama gwara marudzi madzitateguru vevanhu uye nenzvimbo misangano yavo denisovtsami.

Masayendisiti ari Sweden vanoti kuwana zvisaririra denisovan zvichibvira nokuenzanisa migumisiro DNA chete DNA kwevanhu ano.

Pashure tikaenzanisa vakagamuchira mashoko sezvo kufananidzwa denisovtsa pamwe murume ano, uye pamusoro machisi inowanikwa Neanderthal uye denisovtsa. Uyewo, takazoziva kuti majini denisovan huri genotypes vanhu vari pasi Oceanic uye non-African vanhu.

Vashandire Harvard Medical School

Maererano nokutsvakurudza pa Harvard Medical School, denisovtsy zvikuru mberi kubva ano vanhu kupfuura Neandertals, kunyange pakutanga vakanga vaiona hama. Zvaifungwa kuti Neanderthals uye denisovtsy zvakafanana dzakasiyana Homo sapiens. Zvisinei, Harvard musayendisiti David Reich akakwanisa kuramba.

Zvisinei, musayendisiti akati kuti musiyano uyu zvinogona kutsanangurwa ndechokuti denisovtsy interbred nezvirwere zvakasiyana ekare vanhu.

Pfungwa nemaonero musayendisiti German Iogannesa Krauze

geneticist German Johannes Krause paUniversity of Tübingen inokurukura kuti kusateerera akawana zvimedu chero zvazvingava hazviiti. Pamwe chete navo ake musayendisiti kudzidza Gene denisovan kuvapo tichingoda mhuka dzirambe dzichiberekana. Chokwadi chokuti denisovtsa akawana meno makuru kwazvo uyu mhando murume yekare. Kunenge kuti tateguru kwayo zvakananga aiva chinyakare mhando.

Maererano naPurofesa, kutsanangura strangeness kwemeno zvingave shanduro denisovtsy interbred pamwe zvekare shanduro vanhu. Uyezve, maererano purofesa, Ungangove, akanga atova anozivikanwa marudzi, sezvo vakawanda vavo kudzidza majini chechetere.

Chii masayendisiti vanoti London?

London mutsvakurudzi Chris Stringer of Natural History Museum iri UK anotenda kuti Heidelberg murume, kugara Europe uye Western Asia, zvinogona kusangana denisovan, izvo zvakaita kuti vakawanda kuyambuka. Uyewo rakaisvonaka nzira aigona kuva munhu erectus, sezvo zvakanga zvakakurumbira munzvimbo dzakawanda, uye aigona kusangana denisovtsami.

Chokwadi, unogona kugadzirisa kusawirirana izvi achishandisa kwakajairika DNA kuongorora zvipenyu izvi zvose, asi izvi hazvibviri, nokuti vanongoita havana kurarama. Most Homininae akagara inopisa runyararo, asi nekuti zvasara zvavo genome hauna vakachengetedzwa, kusafanana Neandertal denisovtsev uye zvakanga yakawanikwa runonyanya mu achityisa uye kuchitonhora ezvinhu.

Basa muchinjikwa maberekero mu kwevanhu

Muna nhasi, isu Vanotoziva zvakawanda kwazvakaita uye subspecies yekare vanhu, vari madzibaba edu. Hatifaniri kuramba chokwadi chokuti pashure madzitateguru evanhu vakatama kubva Africa, vakanga aiwanzopiwa wokushanda siyana dzimwe mhuka. Kunenge kuti vamwe zvinofadza genomes vachange iiswe mune ramangwana.

Panguva iyoyo, isu munotoziva kuti pane kugara guru chaiyambuka, kusanganisira asi zvisingazivikanwi hominin. Kufanana masayendisiti akawanda vanoti dzimwe mhando mubereko wakamuka 700,000 apfuura.

Pachishandiswa zveBhaibheri, tinogona kugumisa kuti pane imwe nguva munguva shanduka womunhu rakakamurwa mitsetse akawanda, mumwe izvo zvakaita vakazoroorwa kuti denisovan, uye vamwe vaibva madzitateguru zvikuru ekare Homo sapiens uye Neanderthal murume. Uyewo, masayendisiti akawana kuti Neanderthals denisovtsy nezvimwe Homo Sapiens imwe nguva vaigara Altai uye akayambuka pamwe chete. Mukuwedzera, mazambuko kwakaitika nedzimwe mhando kuti vakasangana denisovtsam panguva dzakasiyana uye mundima dzakasiyana.

Chinhu tsitsi kuti havana vapone DNA zvimwe zvakawanda ekare vanhu, zvimwe kubatana aigona kurondwa zvakanyatsojeka. Zvisinei, mazuva sayenzi munhu Musamira, uye zvichida nokukurumidza tichadzidza chinhu chitsva kwavakabva edu.