Dzhuzeppe Verdi kuti dhanzi: mazita. Pfupiso zvikuru nevanhu operas pakati Verdi

Ani naani kunyange zvishoma munoziva weclassical, ziva zita Verdi. Opera (mazita wavo ichakurukurwa munyaya ino), mukuru Italian wenziyo vachiri kuenda nzendo dzemitambo yose. Verdi anowanzonzi Italian Tchaikovsky.

Funga muimbi uyu uri zvizere.

youth munyori

Verdi akaberekerwa Italian musha muduku muna 1813, asi panguva iyoyo zvaionekwa chikamu munharaunda France. Vabereki vake vaiva varombo, saka havana kubvumira mwanakomana wake kudzidza zvakakomba mumhanzi, asi akatenda kuti Giuseppe achiri kubudirira.

Childhood uye kuyaruka, mukomana akaenda kurwira kodzero kuti vakadzidza muimbi, asi kazhinji munda uyu aitarisirwa kukundikana: somuenzaniso, akanga asina kugamuchirwa pakati Milan Conservatory vadzidzi (iyo zvino unobereka zita wenziyo ichi chikuru).

Verdi rombo rakanaka; akawana anorichengeta anonzi ari munhu zvomutengesi Antonio Baretstsi. Antonio akati wechidiki muimbi kuva mudzidzisi mwanasikana wake marguerite. The vechidiki kudanana uye dzaroorwa. Zvisinei, zvaitika muchato wavo akanga akasuruvara: Margaret akabereka vana vaviri vakafira paucheche, uye nokukurumidza pashure iye afa.

Panguva ino, wechiduku munyori akanga achishanda yake dhanzi rokutanga.

Wokutanga dhanzi

Milan zvaJehovha La Scala dhanzi munyori akanunura yokutanga, iyo yainzi "Oberto, Count Bonifacio." Inoshandiswa pakutsigira anzverwa kubudikidza vatsoropodzi uye veruzhinji. Yemitambo wakapinda chibvumirano ne munyori kunyora mamwe operas maviri. Verdi kwakaita dhanzi rakanyorwa chibvumirano ichi, anonzi "Mambo kuti Day" uye "Nabucco". Yokutanga yakaitwa zvakakwana chando, izvo zvakakonzera Verdi kwenguva pfupi mwoyo, asi wechipiri (kuratidzwa kwayo kwakaitika muna 1842), Ukuwo, akanga zvakare akakwazisa nenzwi guru maoko.

Sezvo rokutanga inoratidza pachikuva akatanga kwokukunda uyu Verdi dhanzi pose. Yakaiswa anenge 65 pacho siyana yemitambo yokuitira, zvakauyiswa muduku wenziyo mukurumbira chaiyo uye upfumi.

Tevera rokusika basa

Verdi akakurumidza kutanga asika operas itsva. Vaiva dhanzi "Ini Lombardi ari kushingirira" (Pashure kunzi munyori mu "Jerusarema") uye dhanzi "Ernani".

"Jerusarema", kutanga kuratidzwa 1847, uye yave kuwedzera kukurumbira. Shure kwezvinhu marimba maviri mabasa Verdi kuti dhanzi akava akakurumbira munyika yose, uye munyori pachake akanga uye zvaakanga arota zvose pauduku hwake zvakaoma uye kuyaruka: kukwanisa kunyora nziyo uye resonates pamwe paruzhinji.

Opera ounyanzvi

The kukurumbira mabasa Verdi (Opera, ndandanda vose vakakura) vakauya kwaari rukudzo uye upfumi. Pazera makore 30 kusvika rudo rwake akadzoka. sarudzo yake yaiva muimbi Giuseppina Strepponi. Verdi akasarudza kurega, asi isati yava zvakanyorwa uye kufanorongwa muna Opera, izvo vakamuisa mbiri yose.

dhanzi ichi chainzi "Rigoletto." Vanofungireiko warinozokwidzwa kubva yakakurumbira munyori French Victor Hugo.

Zvimwe mabasa vatenzi raiva basa akamupikisawo kubudirira zvikuru. Rainzi "La Traviata" uye akasikwa pachishandiswa mabasa Alexandre Dumas.

Zvinotevera dhanzi vakava zvishoma akakurumbira, asi veruzhinji ambovashanyira pamwe chete kufarira sezvo zita Verdi akanga atova pamiromo wose. Akunoita akadai "Sicilian kwemanheru", "Troubadour", "Masked Ball".

Verdi (pamazita zvigadzirwa izvi yakakura chaizvo) kunyange akanyora basa ne dzemitambo Russian. Saka, mashoko dhanzi "The Force Anofanosarudza", iro premiered muna 1862, zvakanyorwa nokuda Imperial Theater, iri St. Petersburg.

Opera nhoroondo muIjipiti uye Shakespeare

Mumakore akazotevera ake Verdi haisi yakakurumbira Munyori, ane zita inoita rotonhorera kubva vaikudzwa vaimbi zvenyika, asi aizivawo kuti shasha mimhanzi.

Anosika mabasa kuti zvichiri kukosheswa risingaenzaniswi chaiwo. Mashoko aya anogona kunzi kuti nhamba mabasa akazotevera ake - neOpera "Aida" premiered muna Cairo muna 1871 (the dhanzi rakanyorwa rukudzo hwomukova of neSuez Canal) uye dhanzi "Othello" (1887).

Dzhuzeppe Verdi dhanzi, ndandanda dzakapiwa kumusoro, akauraya vakararama simba chido, rudo uye kutenda kwevanhu kuita. Zvisikwa izvi kuudza zvakaoma sei magamba vanopiwa kodzero mufaro uye sei kazhinji mamiriro ezvinhu anomanikidzwa kurasikirwa nezvose raikosheswa kamwe zvaisiririsa.

The okupedzisira basa munyori

Pakati okupedzisira mabasa Maestro anogona kunzi dhanzi "Falstaff" muna 1893, vakasikwa Shakespeare kuti mutambo. Makore 8 namarudzi kuratidzwa Verdi akafa seane uchenjeri nemakore yose sitiroko. Akavigwa muMilan pamwe chinokudza kukuru. vadzidzi vake vapedza dzakawanda vakatanga dzavo dhanzi hwakawanda.

Zviri Verdi kuti operas munogara vakarangarira kuti vaoni. Munyori vakaedza kusarudza zvidzidzo avo kuti kubvira miniti hurukuro yokutanga pfungwa uye vakakuchidzira paruzhinji kuziva.

A kumboongorora mifananidzo iyi operas.

Verdi: A Pamazita yakavakirwa mabhuku mabasa uye nyaya yavo

Chimbofunga nyaya inonyanya kufarirwa mabasa munyori.

• Opera "Nabucco" - rinotaura pamusoro yemubhaibheri zviitiko: sei mambo weBhabhironi kutendera vaJudha ake senhapwa.
• Opera "Ernani" zvakanyorwa pachishandiswa mabasa Victor Hugo. Mariri ari kudanana nzira kuudza nyaya rudo mbavha.
• Opera "Joan pamusoro Arc" akasikwa inobva kutamba ne Schiller "The Maid pamusoro Orleans." Zvishoma-anozivikanwa basa ne Verdi (Opera, pakarongwa zvatiri kufunga zvinosanganisira 26 rose mabasa munyori).
• Opera "Macbeth" uyewo akanyorwa pahwaro mabhuku basa. Panyaya iyi, basa Shakespeare kuti Macbeth vakaroorana vakasarudza reropa uye rinotyisa mhosva nokuda simba uye upfumi.
• Opera "Rigoletto" anoudza inosuruvarisa mutana dzakashata jester pamusoro Duke, natenzi wake wakaita aitamba akaipa chaizvo upenyu.
• The dhanzi "La Traviata" rinopa nyaya "La Dame aux Camelias" naAlexandre Dumas. Mifananidzo inotiudza mukadzi rawa.
• Opera "Aida" - rimwe simba kupfuura mabasa munyori. Anoudza nezvorudo pakati yakaisvonaka muEtiopiya muchindakadzi uye uto wehondo Farao dzaRamses.
• "Othello" transmits rangano homonymous Shakespeare.

Verdi (zvawanyora zviri mabasa aya kwave pamusoro apa) vachiri mureza mumhanzi. Mazana emakore anopfuura. Zvisinei, sezvo mabasa Maestro akanga akakurumbira, dzakakurumbira saka uye vachiri. Masayendisiti dzichiri kudzidza yakasiyana werudzii munyori. Asi vanhuwo vanoiona vanongonakidzwa kurira Verdi.

Mauto akawanda vakapa mabasa avo Verdi. Opera, pakarongwa dzatakurukura munyaya ino, vava kuzivikanwa pamusoro Maestro.