Dzinozivikanwa enyika inofananidza Russia (mazita)

Ndivanaani mitemo? Uyu munhu mubasa enyika basa panguva nyanzvi pamwero. Vanoti mumaoko avo huru simba. Vazhinji vavo kuuya munda uyu netsaona kana nokuda mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu. nhamba dzakadaro pamusoro nguva kutanga kutora rimwe niche mu nokutongwa munyika. Zvisinei, pane vanhu vari enyika kuna Mwari. Ivo rusununguko rinokosha akagadzirwa pahunhu hwake, uyewo aikwanisa, saka nemhomho yevanhu pachavo kudzisarudza sevatungamiri dzavo, kuti ape kutapwa kwavo uye maoko avo vakagadzirira kuvatevera kusvikira kumagumo. isu Gare gare munyaya kupa mazita akawanda, izvo ichasanganisira enyika inofananidza Russia, yaisanganisira munyaya.

XVI-XVII emakore

Kusvikira remakore rechi16, Russia yakanga mahwanda pakati pamachinda, uye mumwe nomumwe wavo anogona kunzi enyika uye mamiriro vatungamiriri nguva yake. Uyezve, nyika iri kwenguva refu nguva yakanga pajoko dzimwe nechisimba. Pakutanga rechi17, vanhu vakabva munhu akasarudza kumutsa vanhu kuti kurwisa "occupiers". Saka, vatungamiri National Liberation kufamba ndiko kutanga kwokufananidzira Russia enyika. Pano mazita vamwe vavo.

• Kuzma Minin. Zvinosuruvarisa, musi chaiwo yaakaberekerwa muzvinyorwa imomo, asi zvakanga panguva yechipiri yezana remakore rechi16. Ndiye gamba renyika uye murongi National yerusununguko.
• Prince Dmitry Pozharsky (1578-1642) - collaborator Minin musangano rudzi nevarwi. Monument kuti nhamba mbiri emblazoned pamusoro Red Square.
• Asi mutungamiri murimi mudiki War makore 1670-1671 pakati Stepan Razin (1630-1671), asi Cossack Ataman akanhonga vazhinji pamusoro tsarist hwechiKomonisiti. Heuno muenzaniso Ages kupikiswa Russian.

Political inofananidza remakore rechi19 Russia

Paitonga mwanasikana Peter Mukuru wacho Elizabeth wake muzukuru Anny Ioannovny uye Catherine II uye mwanakomana wake Paul I, aivapo akawanda vakakurumbira manhamba munyika. All izvi inofananidza Russia enyika vakabatsira kukura nyika yavo.

Rokutanga mazita chinokosha vanhu, zvichida, zvinofanira kuva zita Aleksandra Vasilevicha Suvorova. Kuva mumwe mukuru vatungamiriri vemauto munyika, iye kumborasa muhondo.

Prince Dmitry Golitsyn (1734-1803), yakakurumbira Wenyika uye nyanzvi, akadzivirira zvido Russia muFrance uye Netherlands. Akanga shamwari pamwe French vazivi akadai Voltaire.

Vateveri Catherine II

Hazvina chakavanzika Ekaterina Velikaya akauya simba ari mumuzinda nevapanduki. Mumwe varongi ayo aiva yepedyo yemberi Empress - Alexei Orlov (1737-1807). Kunze kwake paitonga mambokadzi akanga dzimwe enyika Russian, uyo dzakatangwa, nemhaka nyasha mwene ehurumende. mazita avo: Grigory Potemkin, Sergei Saltykov, Michael Miloradovich, Grigory Orlov, Alexander Yermolov Alexander Lansky, Ivan Rimsky-Korsakov, Piotr Zavodovsky, etc. Zvakaoma kunyora zvose favorite ose Catherine II, asi anenge mumwe wavo akanga vamwe simba pamusoro mitemo. nyika mune imwe nguva.

The kuipandukira yokutanga

Panguva yaitonga Mambokadzi chambotaurwa nezvacho chimwe chezvinhu chinoziva pfungwa nguva Aleksandr Nikolaevich Radischev (1749-1802). Mberi uye echimurenga kufunga akanga mberi nguva yake, anotsigira abolition kuti serfdom munyika. Followers pfungwa dzake dzakanga echimurenga Russian Nikolay Ogarev (1813-1877), nyanduri uye munyori wenyaya, uyewo shamwari yake yepedyo sydäntä, Mikhail Bakunin (1814-1876) - iri theorist pakati anarchism, waiva chikamu French, German uye Czech yaifamba 1848-1849 .
Avo "mupikisi" rinogona kunzi Alekseya Arakcheeva (1769-1834) - iri masimba ose chamber Alexander I.

Muzana remakore rechi19, vakakurumbira nhamba enyika haagoni kunzi Sergei Witte (1849-1915). mupiro wake kukura ehurumende hazvigoni kuenzaniswa chinhu. Ungati kuti nemhaka pfungwa dzake itsva munyika akaita achikwakuka kukuru mberi.

Pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi20 (pre-echimurenga nguva)

With Pazvinotanga remakore rechimakumi maviri kuRussia muna yezvematongetwo rakasvika vakawanda kumapati, ivo Mensheviks, ivo Bolsheviks, ivo Octobrists, Social kuipandukira, Social Democrats, populists, etc. Sezvingatarisirwa, vatungamiriri neimwe inogona nyore nyora "The vezvematongerwo enyika remakore rechi20 Russia (kutanga). ".

Pakati pavo, dzepamusorosoro nhamba yacho yaiva George Plekhanov (1856-1918) - mumwe Menshevik vatungamiriri. Panguva yaifamba 1905-1907. Iye ave achishanda pakurwisana kuzorwa Bolshevik mazano uye nzira. Alexander Kerensky (1881-1970), uyo anozivikanwa ndechokuti akanga asarudza musoro zvokungoitawo hurumende mushure Bourgeois pakuru, nokuti zvematongerwo enyika maonero aiva SR. Chimwe Russian enyika akakurumbira akanga Pavel Milyukov (1859-1943). Aiva Sachigaro KDPR, waiva mumwe kutungamirira sunungukei-monarchist mapato munyika. Kuna zamu monarchists zvinosanganisirawo guru womunda uye wezvematongerwo enyika Peter Stolypin. Admiral Kolchak (1873-1920) - mukuru Black Sea Fleet Munyika War Chokutanga post-echimurenga nguva akamira pakaunda-echimurenga maonero. The chete zvinogona kutaurwa Baron Wrangel (1878-1928) uye Anton Denikin. Munguva yehondo, ivo bossed White Guard mauto. Asi kumaodzanyemba Russia pakaunda-echimurenga mauto akakwanisa Nestor Makhno (1889-1934), kana sezvazvakanyorwa akadana vanhu, Makhno. To chikwereti chake kupfuura imwe nemagandanga chiito. Iye veboka kuti vapanduki.

Vatungamiriri nehurumende yeSoviet

Izvi anozivikanwa inofananidza enyika kuti Russia kuti zvakawanda 73 makore vaionekwa magamba. Hwavo dzaiva ngano, nyora enganonyorwa, mazita avo vainzi maguta, mafekitari zvikoro, Koshanda uye Pioneer squads. Ndivo vakuru Bolsheviks, uye mune ramangwana - the Communist Party of Soviet Union.
Vladimir Ilich Lenin (Ulyanov). Akaberekwa muna 1870, akafa muna 1924 nemhaka gandanga chiito. Scientist, echimurenga, enyika akakurumbira nhamba. Pashure ivo October Revolution, akanga azivikanwa mutungamiri avanhu vaiva chikamu Soviet Union - a nyika akasikwa ari ake kurumbidzwaka.

Sangana pamusoro Lenin uye mumwe akakurumbira Bolshevik kuipandukira akanga Mikhail kuKalinin (1875-1946). Muna 1923 iye akasarudzwa sachigaro Central Executive Committee of Soviet Union.

Zheleznyy Feliks - yakakurumbira Cheka Dzerzhinsky, icho ichangopfuura utsinye vanzwa zhinji. Aiva mumwe kupfuura pfungwa kuipandukira, kunyange zvazvo akabva mumhuri chakanaka. Inenge kubvira pamazuva Soviet Union muna Chigaro wokutanga, akava vanhu Commissariat pamusoro Affairs Internal.

Leon Trotsky (zita chairo Bronstein) sezvo kunoshamisa echimurenga vatungamiri Soviet Union. Zvisinei, pashure Lenin afa, akatanga kutsoropodza Soviet utungamiriri, kunyanya Stalin, yaakanga muBenin. Vakati akadzungaira Europe, iye ndokugara Mexico, apo akatanga kunyora bhuku pamusoro Joseph Dzhugashvili - mutungamiriri mutsva reSoviet vanhu. Zvakanga Stalin uyo akarayira liquidation pamusoro Trotsky. Akafa muna 1940 mune kurwiswa.

General Munyori CPSU

Ndiani anogona nani kuzivikanwa muSoviet Union kupfuura USSR uye Russian vatungamiriri vezvematongerwo enyika (mushure USSR kuparara). Pakati pavo aitungamirira chinzvimbo chepamusoro vanyori ari pariah wokutanga. Pasi wakazara mazita.

• Joseph Stalin (Dzhugashvili). Iye akananga muhofisi mutungamiri KP pashure Lenin afa. Nhasi, zita rake riri chokuita nechisimba udzvanyiriri mamiriyoni anopfuura maviri mhosva vagari Soviet, uye mhosva iyi yaiva pathological kusavimbana pakati mutungamiriri weSoviet.
• Nikita Hruschev (1894-1971). Kubvira 1953, iye akasarudzwa munyori CPSU Central Committee yokutanga. nguva "nyungudika" dzakatanga obata ushe. Vakawanda vaidzvinyirirwa vagari vari mumisasa vakasunungurwa uye rehabilitated. Zvisinei, nyika ucharangarira nokuda eccentricities vake UN General Assembly horo yacho, anorova pakagadzirwa nematanda shangu yake.
• Leonid Brezhnev (1906-1982). Nguva yake aizivikanwa kubudirira, uori uye chiokomuhomwe.
• Yuriy Andropov (1914-1984). Izvi zvinoita nyarara uye unremarkable murume asati ava kumunyori KP rokutanga, misoro KGB, inopupura yayo kunoshamisa uchenjeri uye basa rinokosha. Pashure Brezhnev afa, akanga akagadzwa pambiru munyori Communist Party munyika wokutanga. Asi this post akaramba asina nguva yakareba, chete makore 2.
• Inotevera munyori Konstantin Chernenko uyewo muchidimbu akatungamirira Communist Party of Soviet Union, chete pagore. About basa rake, vanhu vashomanana nhasi vanogona kuyeuka.
• Uye pakupedzisira, wokupedzisira mukuru munyori CPSU - Mikhail Gorbachev. Iyewo akava purezidhendi Soviet Union wokutanga. Mafungiro pazviri yave yakasanganiswa pakati pavanhu. With zita rake chokuita perestroika, glasnost, akoromoke Inter-emunharaunda mukurwisana, ari disintegration of Commonwealth nyika - vatori of Warsaw chibvumirano, kuwa Wall Berlin, etc.

Enyika yeRussia ano

Pakutanga pamazita Chokwadi, ndiwo mazita vanhu vaiva kwakatangira itsva Russian mamiriro. Uye wokutanga pakati pavo Boris Nikolaevich Eltsin. Akanga aimbova yechiKomonisiti nemumiriri, asi vakavawo mutungamiri yakazvimirira Russian ehurumende uye wokutanga dzakakurumbira akasarudzwa purezidhendi Russian Federation. Muna 2000, aiva nezvikonzero zvoutano akamanikidzwa kusiya.

Pashure Yeltsin kuenda kubva mune zvematongerwe enyika mabasa ake akanga kwechinguva akaronzesa isingazivikanwi wechiduku Petersburger Putin. Nhasi, zvisinei, hapana vatungamiriri vezvematongerwo enyika remakore rechi21 Russia haagoni kukwikwidzana naye kukurumbira pakati pavanhu. Akanga kaviri akasarudzwa purezidhendi guru simba, uye pakupera wechipiri nguva akapa itsvo kuti compatriot wake Dmitry Medvedev, panguva iyoyowo achitora pambiru wehurumende. Zvisinei, pashure yokutanga nguva Medvedev dzakadzosera "Baton wenyika" Putin, uye akatora pambiru wehurumende. Muchidimbu, Vladimir Vladimirovich. Nokuti kechitatu akatora pamusoro purezidhendi kupfuura nyika munyika.

Vatungamiri ezvematongerwo enyika mu Russia

Sezvo pakupera kwezana remakore rechi19, mune 90s remakore rechi20 yokuRussia mamiriro, boka ezvematongerwo enyika, ramakagadzwa kupfuura vari "United Russia", "Apple", iro Liberal Democratic Party, iyo Communist Party, uye vamwe. Vatungamiriri vavo azvaitwa chiito Vladimir Putin uye Dmitry Medvedev, Yavlinsky, Vladimir Zhirinovsky, Zyuganov.

pachinzvimbo mhedziso

The pamusoro ndandanda Russian enyika akakurumbira mifananidzo, Chokwadi, haagoni kunzi kwakakwana. vainge vakawanda pamusoro emakore. Zvisinei, mazita enyika kuti vanobatanidzwa mazviri, zvinokwanisika kuti zita rinonyatsooneka.