Francisco Goya: mifananidzo. Francisco Goya: biography

Francisco Goya (1746-1828) muenzi weSpain uyo akapinda munhoroondo yenyika yake semufananidzo mukuru, achiramba mavambo ezvidzidzo uye achiratidza chimiro chevanhu mune zvayo chaiyo, chinorwadza chakaipa, pamwe nekukanganisa kose nezvakaipa.

Francisco Goya: mifananidzo yemufananidzo

Iko kusuruvara, zvishoma zvinyengere, chiso, kufunga, kuchenjerera uye kunyara zvizere kushungurudza kukuru, kutyisidzira kutarisa kubva pasi pemaziso ake, musoro mukuru - saka pazviratidzo-zviso muoni anoona muenzi. Ichi chakanga chiri muhupenyu - tenzi webhashiro, murume akaneta, akachinja pfungwa dzake zvakawanda uye akanyatsonzwisisa zvisizvo zvehupo hwevanhuwo zvavo. Akangwarira uye akatarisa achitarisa munyika yakamupoteredza, Goya akaona nhema dziripo maari, upenzi, unyengeri, mashura, ayo, akatsamwa, akanyorwa mumabasa ake. Mifananidzo yaFrancisco Goya inoratidzira ruremekedzo muvanhu vane zvikanganiso uye utera.

Muhupenyu, muSpain ane tarenda akanga asingazivikanwe kunze kwenyika yake. Nokuda kwenyika yose yakawanikwa mukati mezana remakore rechina reXIX romantics, avo vaifarira mukufungidzira kwezvisikwa zvake. Kuongorora kwekugadzirisa kweGoya kwakachinja kakawanda. Nokuda kwemazuva ano connoisseurs wekunaka, haasi iye chete muiti wezvifananidzo zvinonakidza nemafungiro ake, asiwo unyanzvi mukuru weunyanzvi hwechokwadi. Mifananidzo yaFrancisco Goya kana kutora, kana kuti musagamuchira; Chero mamiriro ezvinhu, mutaridzi haazosiyi asina hanya.

Basa rokutanga remuiti

Muhuduku hwake, vaStaniard vane tarenda vakasiyana-siyana, nehuwandu hwemaximalism, vachidzika muzvisikwa zvake pachake nhetembo dzakanaka dzomumwe munhu anotaridzika-style yaFrancisco Goya. Mifananidzo yakasikwa naiye, inonyatsoratidza huro hwebrashi, kuziva simba rayo uye kufara nayo. Basa rokuti "Umbrella" - muenzaniso webasa rekutanga remugadziri - inokwezva ziso nechitambo chemavara, sitiroko imwe neimwe, nyasha dzakasununguka dzemukadzi, jira uye ushingi hunosiyana-siyana rwepara palette, chiedza chinoshamisa uye zvimwe zvinenge zvichinyorwa mumhanzi. Kubata kwezvisikwa izvi (misoro yepakuvamba yeGoya) yakave yakachena, mhepo inenge isisina makore, semakore emakore eSpain ane tarenda. Nhau dzehuduku hweGoya dzakanyanya kufanana nenhema dzinonakidza, iyo nhamba yepakati yaaive. MuZaragoza, musikana wechidiki aivhiyiwa neInquisition nekuda kwekurwa pamutambo wekereke, yaakaronga. MuMadrid, Francisco akawanikwa achirapa nebheni shure, akarima kuburikidza nenzvimbo yeSpain pamwe nevarwi vekufamba-famba, muItaly - nyika iyo muvepi aive achikudza unyanzvi hwake hwekuveza kwemakore akawanda - akakwira padenga reSt. Peter's Cathedral ndokukomberedza guva reCecilia Metellus.

Mifananidzo yaFrancisco Goya: tarisa nyika yepakati yevanhu

Francisco Goya akasika mutsara wakakosha we etchings "Caprichos" (1793-1797), inoumba mabasa 83 anonyatsoratidza mweya wekusununguko uye chaicho, izvo zvaakatsanangura muchidimbu nekururama: "Nyika yakavharwa, umo munhu wese anonyengedza, vanoda kuonekwa kwete, Ndivanaani chaizvoizvo ivo. Hapana anozviziva pachake. " Francisco José de Goya, uyo ane mifananidzo yakaita kuti iwe ufunge nezvenguva yakare yapfuura - munhu aigona kuona zvakadzama hupenyu hwezuva nezuva, achitakura nemabasa ake evanhu, kutanga akanzwa ruzha rukuru rwemazuva ano, kurwisana nemanyepo ose nekutsvaga hwaro apo ramangwana riri nani richavakwa Ivo vanhu.

Francisco Goya akatsigirwa nevanonyanya kutendeseka veSpain. Akava nhengo ye Royal Royal Academy of Arts, iyo ndiyo mutevedzeri wemutungamiriri, uye gare gare mutungamiri wesangano rekutema. Muna 1786, Francisco Goya akasarudzwa kuti ave mutongi wematare.

Francisco Goya: mapeji anozivikanwa

Mufananidzo wemufananidzo wakajeka, uyo akawana mukurumbira mukurumbira mumutauro uyu mumazana makumi masere ezana remakore re XVIII, muna 1792 Francisco Goya akarwara zvakanyanya, izvo zvakatungamirira pakuzadza matsi. Yakanga iri munguva iyi yakaoma iyo chete yerutiziro rwayo yaiva unyanzvi. Muvezi wacho akatanga kudzivisa vanhu, akazonyatsopinda mukati make, achienderera mberi kunyora mifananidzo.

Mifananidzo yekutanga yaFrancisco Goya mumutambo uyu yaiva mhemberero ("Charles III pamusoro pekuvhima"), nekufamba kwemazuva vakawana kuchena uye kuve nekunyepedzera maererano nemafungiro (Marquise Anna Pontejos, The Family of the Duke of Osuna). Chiratidzo chitsva chechokwadi chemuenzi wacho uye nzira yake yakakosha kune iyo inotevedzwa mumabasa emangwana edzidzisi. Somuenzaniso, "The Portrait of the Royal Family" (1800) inoratidzira Charles IV nemhuri yake, zviso zvakasimba uye zvine manyawi izvo muenzi wacho haana kumboedza kutenderera. Mudzidzisi akatendeka anochinja kuoneka kunonyangadza, urombo hwemweya uye kusakosha kwevatongi vakuru, kwete kuvanza kusada kwake madzimambo eSpain.

Francisco Goya akapukunyuka makore anotyisa ekushanda kweSpain nemauto eNapoleonic, achipupurira kuurayiwa kwechisimba kwevavengi pamusoro pevanhu vasiri vanhu. Zvakanga zviri zviitiko izvi zvakashanda sechikonzero chekusikwa kwemabasa akadaro se "Kupfura usiku hwe 2 kusvika 3 Mbudzi 1808", "May 2 Kupandukira paPuerta del Sol".

Goya akashanda kusvika zuva rekupedzisira. Imwe yemabasa ake ekupedzisira yaiva murume akwegura pamakumbo, pasi payo pakanga paine chimiro chekuti: "Ndichiri kudzidza." Muenzi wacho akafa kubva kuora mwoyo, munguva yekuzvarwa kwevanhu vatsva uye tsika. Kuva nemazana maviri emakore mafungiro matsva emunyika yakapoteredza, kuramba zvinhu zvekare zvinorambidzwa uye mafungiro, Goya ane chokwadi chakanaka aikwanisa kuratidza mubasa rake zvose zvakaoma uye kusagadzikana kwenguva yake.