Kubwinya kunoshamisa uye biography yaMaria Priymachenko

Maria Ovksentevna Primachenko ndiye nyanzvi yekuUkraine "unyanzvi hwokunyengera", ane nenyota yekuumba zvose kuburikidza nehupenyu hwake, chikonzero chisingachinjiki chokugovana naye zvakawanikwa nevanhu. Ndiye mumwe wevanyori vakagadzira nyika yakasiyana-siyana yemifananidzo yavo pachavo, nyika yekunaka, inoratidzira zvakajeka manzwiro anogara kuvanhu, mumatano ake nemafungiro.

Ubwana hwomunyori

Bolotnia - iyo yemunharaunda yeMaria Priymachenko - iri 80km kubva kuKiev. Yaiva pano munaJanuary 1909 iyo mufananidzo akaberekwa. Baba vake vaiva muvezi, uye vaiitawo kuveza. Uye mai vake vakanga vari mukurumbira wekudzivirira mutsvuku wekushongedza: mhuri yake yose yaipfeka shati dzakashongedzwa zvekugadzirwa kwake. Amai vaMaria, zvakare, vaiita basa rekusika - akaratidza pysanka.

Unyanzvi hwokutanga hwekusika muMaria hwakaratidzwa muhuduku hwake: aifarira kutora maruva pajecha. Uye akabva atanga kupora dzimba nemaitiro ebhuruu. Pamadziro edzimba dzakapenya shiri uye dzakabereka maruva akanaka. Vagari vomunharaunda vaifarira mifananidzo iyi, iyo yakaita yakanaka chaizvo pamadziro nevheni.

Mushure mekunge muongorori weramangwana akatanga kutanga kugamuchira mirairo yekutanga: vavakidzani vakakumbira kupfekedza dzimba dzavo nematenho akafanana. Kunyange vagari vemunharaunda yakapoteredza vakauya kuzoyemura unyanzvi hwake.

Maonero enyika uye maonero akanaka ehupenyu nemuongorori

Biography yaMaria Primachenko yakanga isina nguva yakaoma muupenyu. Muhuduku hwake, mucheri wacho akatambura nechirwere chinotyisa-poliomyelitis, iyo yakaisa kuratidza kusina kunaka pamusoro pekuguma kwe tenzi. Maria akapedza upenyu hwake hwose pamabhondi. Icho chokwadi chakakonzera nzira inoyevedza yomunyori. Kusuruvara kunorwadza mumuviri kunosanganiswa nekufungidzirwa kusinganzwisisiki kwekufungidzira uye chido chehupenyu chakadururirwa mumifananidzo inoshamisa. Iye zvino izvi zvinonzi chirongwa chekugadzira. Kusangana kwemufaro uye kurwadziwa, zvakanaka uye zvakaipa, rima uye chiedza zvinowanikwa munzvimbo dzose dzeMaria Priimachenko.

Muenzi wacho aiva nemafungiro akaoma, asi akanga ane ushamwari kuvanhu. Dzimwe nguva Priymachenko akapa vashanyi mifananidzo yeimba yake. Pamusoro paMaria, kwaive kune nyika mbiri. Mukutanga akagara zvinhu zvose, uye wechipiri, mukati memunhu, ndeyeiye chete.

Nyika yake yakanga izere nezvisikwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvinonakidza, shiri dzinoshamisa dzakaimba pano, hove dzikadzidzira kubhururuka, mhou dzehovha dzaibvarura pamusango nemaziso omurume, uye shumba yakashinga yakanga iri mudziviriri wevavengi.

Kutanga kwebasa raMaria Primachenko

Muenzi wacho akave akakurumbira kubvira muna 1936, apo iye anotanga kushanda "Beasts kubva kune Swamps" akaratidzwa kokutanga kuKiev paAll-Ukrainian Exhibition of Folk Art. Maria akapiwa dhipatimendi yeI degree. Pano akatanga kutora zvido zvekerubhi uye akaenderera mberi achiita zvekushongedza nekukwevera. Kunyanya, akanyora mifananidzo yakasiyana-siyana inoshamisa: "Bull on Walk", "The Blue Lion", "The Pig Beast", "Chikara muRoot Boots" 1936-1937, "Dhongi", "Baran", "Red Berries", " Mbongoro kutamba "," Parrots maviri "nevamwe (1937-1940).

Mifananidzo yeiyi inoshamisika nemafungiro avo, magetsi uye anofadza. Izvo zvinobva pamitambo yezvinyorwa, nyaya kubva muupenyu uye nhau dzevanhu. Mumabasa ake, chokwadi uye fungiro zvakapindirana. Mhuka, maruva nemiti zvinopiwa nekwaniso yekutaura, zvinorwisana zvakanaka uye zvinodzivisa zvakaipa - zvose, sezvinotaurwa munhau.

Nyeredzi dzinewo zvinhu zvinoshamisa: dzine maumbirwo anoyevedza, maumbirwo akaoma anofanana nemaruva, uye mapapiro akashongedzwa nemicheka. Zvose mhuka neshiri dzaMaria zvinotonhora, zvinotapira, zvinofadza ziso nemafungiro avo akanaka ("Nyofu yaida kuva mukepe", "Icheche duku rinofamba mumusango uye harina kuita zvakaipa kune vanhu").

Kusika muHondo nePashure Penguva

Munguva yehondo Maria Primachenko anoparadza zvidzidzo zvake zvekusika uye anodzokera kumusha wekwake. Ikoko iye akapona makore akaoma ehupenyu hwake. Hondo yakatora murume wake kubva kwaari, uyo aisagona kuona mwanakomana wake. Mumazuva ekupedzisira-hondo, muenzi wacho anoramba achigara muBoltne, achitendeudzira imba yevabereki vake kuenda kumusangano. 1950 ndiro gore remapuranga akavezwa "Pava muMaruva" pamusana pebhuruu, pane "brown Apple" miti inosviba, uye "murals" mu "maruva", "Ukrainian Flowers". Muna 1953-1959, Maria Priimachenko mifananidzo "Cat in Boots", "Peacock", "Crane naFox", "Vafudzi" vakave vakakurumbira. Aya mabasa anopupurira kukwana kwaPymakov.

Zvisikwa 70-80-ies

Chirongwa chinokosha chebasa rake chiri pakutanga kwema70s. Kana musati mutevedzeri wacho asati aenzaniswa mhuka chaiye, ipapo mumakore makumi manomwe nemakumi matatu. Mune mabasa ake kune mhuka dzakanaka, izvo chaizvoizvo hazvipo. Iyi ndiyo yakange ine musoro wekare maruva marashi, uye kenza yemarara, uye Khorun, uye prus, uye wild gorbotrus, uye mapapiro emusango. Zita remusango gadziro raifambiswa neshoko rokuti "chapati". Kusimbiswa kunoiswa pamakumbo emhuka, iyo inogona kubvarurwa nemumatare. Ikoko kune mhuka violet, yakasviba, bhuruu; Kusuruvara, kufara, kushevedzera, kushamiswa. Kune mhuka dzine zviso zvevanhu. Angry zvikara zvirevo. Saka, mhuka yepepuru muhomwe ye "bourgeois", yakavezwa nemabhoti eti stylized, yakarohwa zvakashata, ichiratidza mazino akakuvara uye rurimi rwemazuva mazhinji ("Damn war, mabomu pane maruva", 1984).

Zvichemo zvemaitiro

Mabasa emunyori ndeyekubatanidzwa kwezvinhu zvose zvingangodaro zvemaitiro zvezana ramakore makumi maviri: kufungidzira, neoromanticism, kutaura. Chimwe chezvinyorwa zvaidiwa naMaria Priimachenko, iyo yaakagara ataura nayo, ndeyepasi rose. Akada nyeredzi yakaita nyeredzi uye akaigaramo nezvisikwa zvayo zvine mapapiro - mhondi, nyuchi, shiri. Kunyangwe pamwedzi iye akadyara minda yemiriwo, achikoshesa maitiro ake emashiripiti. Nyika yake yakaisvonaka yaiva yemashiripiti uye yakasiyana, yakasiyana uye yakajeka, yakatendeseka uye ine mutsa, yakafanana nayo.

Kunaka kwevanhu vanoita vadzidzisi vanodzidzisa vanhu kuti vaone kunaka mune zvose. Aida kuratidzira munhu mumwe nemumwe kuti zvakakosha sei kugara vana kunyange muhuchembera, kuchengetedza kukwanisa kushamiswa nekuona kufarira kwakanyanya pane zvose zvinoitika zvakapoteredza. Mabasa aMaria Priimachenko anonyatsodzorera isu munguva yehuduku. Hapana chinhu chakashata pamusoro pavo, tinoona kungofungidzira kusinganzwisisiki kwemukadzi ane mweya unoshamisa, ane simba revanhu rinoratidzwa mumifananidzo.

Apo Maria akabvunzwa kuti nei akaveza mhuka dzisina mhuka nemaruva, akavapindura achiti: "Sei vachikwevera sezvavari, ivo vakanaka kwazvo, uye ndinozvinyora ndega nokuda kwemufaro wevanhu. Ndinoda vanhu vazhinji kuti vatarise mifananidzo uye kuti munhu wese anoifarira. "

Iyo nyanzvi yemuiti

Nyika yeunyanzvi yakashamisa kushamisa kunoshamisa kwaMaria Primachenko kanopfuura kaviri. Nenguva yokutanga munyori akawana mukurumbira muna 1935 sechikamu chemushandirapamwe wokuwana tarenda pakati pevanhu. Zvadaro mabasa emasters emaruwa akakwezva kutaridzirwa kweguta guru rekushayiwa nyanzvi Tatyana Flora, uyo akaunganidza zvakanakisa zvevanhu vekudhirozheni. Somugumisiro, munyori wacho anoshanda kubudirire muKyvgy experimental workshops. Tarenda yemuongorori yakabatsira pakuziva kuti akaziva ruzivo rwekufananidza nekugadzira zvinhu zvevhu.

Basa remugadziri rinoshanda nokukurumidza kutanga kufarirwa kunze kwenyika. Nezvishamiso zvikara zvinoshanya kuMoscow, Prague, Montreal, Warsaw nezvimwe zviratidzo zveEurope zvinogona kuzivikanwa. Art connoisseurs vakaratidzwa mifananidzo naMaria Priymachenko "MaParrots maviri", "Chikara Chine Mutsvuku", "Imbwa muKap", "Chikara muRoot Boots", "Ox for Walk", "Red Berries".

Nyika yakaratidzwa yaMaria Priimachenko, iyo yakaitika muParis, yakaburitsa hukuru hukuru kumuvambi wechiKraine, iyo yaakagamuchira medari yegoridhe. Yaiva mumuguta weFrance nemabasa emuimbi wacho anotanga kusangana nevanobatsirana, saPablo Picasso naMarc Chagall. Vaikoshesa basa ravo uye vakatotanga kushandisa zvikonzero zvakafanana zvemabasa avo.

Yechipiri tarenda yemuongorori wenyika akazarurwa mumakore makumi matanhatu. Izvi zvakagadzirisa kunyanya mukurumbira mutsoropodzi uye mutambi wenhau Grigory Mestechkin, uyewo mutori venhau Yuri Rost. Nyaya inotaura nezvebasa raMaria Primachenko, iro rakabudiswa nemunyori wenhau mupepanhau Komsomolskaya Pravda, zvakare rakamuita iye akakurumbira.

Rufu rwemhanzi

Pakazosvika makore 89 ehupenyu, muenzi wepamusoro akafa. Asi, neruremekedzo, ruzivo rwePrimachenko artists rwakaramba ruchienderera mberi. Mudzidzisi wake wakanakisisa akanga ari mwanakomana - Fyodor, iye zvino muveki anoremekedzwa weUkraine. Mumutumire nzira uye vazukuru - Petro naJohani. Nhasi ivo vari vaduku, vane tarenda vane tarenda, imwe neimwe yakajeka. Kukura pedyo nevatenzi vakadaro sekuru nababa, vakatora zvose zvakanakisisa.

Kuwedzera kwekuyeuka Maria Primachenko

Zita remudzidzisi wenyanzvi wenyika rakatumidzwa pasi duku 14624 Primachenko. Iri zita rakapiwa naKlim Churyumov. Mukuremekedzwa kwechiremba anozivikanwa wakabudiswa muna 2008 mari yekuyeuchidza. Gore rakatevera gare kuKiev, boulevard Likhachev yakanzizve mu boulevard Maria Priymachenko. Mune maguta eBrvary, Sumy neKramatorsk kune nzvimbo dzinonzi Maria Primachenko.