Mhinduro iri nyore kumubvunzo, chii chinyorwa

Mumamyuziyamu eunyanzvi hwekare, mune dzimwe tembere dzakare kare muEurope neAsia, uyewo mumigwagwa yakapfupika yemaguta ekare akakwanisa kuchengetedza mienzaniso yehukuru hunoshamisa hwekare kare, unogona kusangana nenzira inoshamisa mukanaka uye zviputi zvezvikomborero zvezvishongo nemamwe mifananidzo, yakaumbwa nezvidimbu zviduku kana , Icho chinyorwa. Chii chinonzi mosaic? Ichi chishongo, nyika kana mufananidzo wemunhu, kwete pevara nemirau, asi yakabatanidzwa kubva kumaduku, akafanana nebhurashi rebhurashi, zvidimbu zvezvinhu zvakasikwa. Izvo hazvina kukwana, zvisingaenzaniswi muchimiro, asi zvisinei zvakadaro zvakasimba zvakagadzirana, izvo zvinoumba mufananidzo wakaisvonaka.

Vateveri vakazvipira zvikuru zveuyu urwu vaiva vaRoma. Vanhu vanogara mumaguta avo vaigara vachigadzira dzimba dzavo nemasvingo, zvitubu nemigwagwa muminda, mabhenji emabwe uye mapuratifomu pedyo neimba. Nekuvandudzwa kwemhizha uye zvigadzirwa, vaongorori veMalaic vakawedzera kukudza unyanzvi hwavo. Mune nguva yechiKristu chekutanga, uhu huno hunova hunozivikanwa zvikuru mukugadzirwa kwemachechi. Zvienzaniso zvakanakisisa zvemifananidzo yegoridhe nesirivha zvinogona kuonekwa mumatemberi echiKristu ekare - mune kereke yakakurumbira yeAachen (Germany), muHagia Sophia muIstanbul, mumatemberi eItaly, nezvimwewo.

Ndarama uye sirivha zvimedu zvehuputi zvinoramba zvichibudisa "chiedza chisingaoneki", uye mifananidzo yevatsvene pamitambo yavo inenge isina simba, ethereal, ichikwira mumatenga, iyo, pasina mubvunzo, yakanyatsoenderana nechitendero chenyika iyo nzira inobudirira inoparidzira. Mosesi yaishandiswa kupfekedza kwete machechi echiKristu chete, izvi zvinonyatsove zvakagadzirwa nevaIslamic artists, vachigadzira ivo vamwari vatsvene.

Pakazosvika zana remakore gumi nemasere muItaly, vashandi vakadzidza kuita zviduku zviduku zvegirasi yakavaraidza, izvo zvakabatsira pakuvandudzika kwemaitiro emifananidzo uye kupinda kwayo muupenyu hwepanyika. Chii chishongo chegirazi? Chaizvoizvo, nzira yekusika basa remifananidzo yakaramba iri yakafanana. Zvikamu zviduku zvegirazi raipenya zvakanyudzwa mumusimboti unosunga uye zvakagadzira unyanzvi hwemhando dzakawanda. Misiyano chete ndeyekuti girazi rinomiririra nhamba dzisingagoneki dzemumvuri, uye zvikamu zvaro zvakanga zviduku zvokuti vakabvumira kusika mavara akajeka. Izvi zvakaita kuti vanyori vatsvake kunyange mabasa makuru eKu Renaissance kupenda.

MuRussia, MV Lomonosov ndiye wekutanga akatakurwa nemhando iyi. Kunyange muGermany, akadzidza zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvegirazi, uyezve muRussia akashandisa ruzivo urwu uye tarenda rake rekugadzira kuti aumbe mifananidzo yakawanda yemifananidzo uye kuzarura semusangano wake. Mifananidzo iri mumifananidzo yakajeka mienzaniso yeuyu unyanzvi. Vakatourawa nevadzidzi uye naLomonosov pachake.

Chii chinonzi mosaic nhasi? Mazuva ano vanyori-vanyori vanoshandisa nzira iyi zvakawandisa. Madziro edzimba, matinamuziyamu, mabhizimisi, mabhizimisi, nezvimwewo zvakashongedzwa nemasikisi.Zvino ivo vari kuwedzera kushandisa michina inoshandiswa pakutsvaga - iyo iyo apo mifananidzo yemifananidzo kana zvikamu zvaro zvakasiyana zvakakonzerwa kubva kune zvidimbu zvegirazi kana keramikisi patafura mumusangano, kusungira pakutsvaga mapepa emapepa kana kuonda Pepa, uye ndokuzoendeswa kune imwe nzvimbo yakagadzirirwa iyo uye kuiswa mune binder solution. Mushure mokupwa, pepa racho rinoshambidzwa, uye chimiro chemifananidzo chinoramba chiri pamadziro.

Saka, chii chinonzi mosaic? Iko unyanzvi hwekare, huno, nokuda kwehukuru hwahwo, ihwo ihwo chokwadi chokuti zvinhu zvezvinhu zvekugadzirwa kwemavara ndezvebwe uye girazi, zvinoramba zviri mumazana emakore, uye kuburikidza nemazana emakore uye kunyange makumi emakore, zvinochengetera isu mienzaniso inoshamisa yehukuru hwevatenzi.