Uropi mamiriro. Functional mutoro vamwe zvinhu

Central tsinga kuita zvakabatana chaizvo pamwe uropi. uropi mamiriro zvikuru anosarudza mabasa ayo uye zvivako. A nzvimbo kuisa kuuropi pamwe yakapoteredza zvakasikwa anoshongwa chinorondedzerwa muna mhango pakati cranium. Unogona kuronda zvizere zvaidiwa pamusoro womukati penyika cranial penzvimbo pamwe chimiro pamusoro ventral pechiso uropi. The pasi pose uropi yakavakirwa zvakaoma kwakaita nzvimbo yacho, uye anoenderana cranial kumaketeni pamusoro womukati mujinga dehenya.

uropi uremu kwatova akura zvakakwana zvichisiyana pakati 1100-2000 magiramu. Kubvira pamakore 20 uye kusvikira makore makumi matanhatu sezvo vazhinji uropi, uye inzwi rayo kuramba kuchinja uye kufadza mumwe nomumwe.

Tichitarisa mamiriro uropi, sarudza zvikuru zvinhu izvozvo, riri chii vatatu zvikuru zvinoriumba. It aiwanzopiwa wokushanda hemispheres, pfungwa hunde uye cerebellum.

Eremendi, vazhinji kuremedzwa vari dzichipfekeka chepfungwa hemisphere uropi hwomunhu. In vakuru, ndizvo kupfuura simba uye chinokosha che epfungwa. Hemispheric zvikamu zviri kurongwa zvokuti vanokwanisa kufukidza zvose vamwe zvinoumba uropi. Nekuti akazvitsaurira kurudyi uye rworuboshwe hemisphere igomba longitudinal slots pamusoro cerebrum, chepfungwa wasvika guru yakatesvera panyanga dzacho kana inonzi iri corpus callosum. Mune posterior dziri longitudinal mutswe zvasvika munhu-chikamu muchinjikwa huru uropi pakakoromoka. Inoshanda kusiyanisa cerebellum yacho hemisphere.

Zvose kuti riri pazasi, kuwedzera cerebellum - a constituent kuuropi hunde, dzinonzi: yacho medulla oblongata, shure, nechepakati uye zvenguva kupesana. Asi zviri pedyo kuti vanodzidza maumbirwo musana dzevanhu tambo.

Mhinduro dzemibvunzo nezvokuva panowanikwa huru mashandiro ari nechepakati tsinga, izvo zvakashatirisa vasayendisiti uye vanachiremba, akabvumira kuti ushande kudzidza physiology kwevanhu. Chete nokunzwisisa sechivako uropi, tinogona kupa tsanangudzo kwenguva siyana pezvakaitwa kuitika somugumisiro webasa kwevanhu. Sezvo kunzwisisa mashandiro umo yakasiyana mabasa vari kukonzera munhu mashoko, uyewo nechepakati tsinga kuti kuparadzirwa dzichipfekeka mutoro avo siyana constituent nhengo. Somuenzaniso, mhinduro kumubvunzo localization (nzvimbo) nzvimbo basa kuita inokosha kushanda, vakapiwa sechivako cerebral cortex.

Motor cortex anodzora mashandiro ari analyzer chikwata anokonzera basa iri. Riri pamberi nechepakati gyrus, pamberi nechepakati sulcus. Nzvimbo iyi yava kumusha masero etsinga, vane mabasa vane basa kunyange zviduku kufamba muviri.

Large masero etsinga pamwe pezvakaitwa zvavo, izvo dziri muna cortex, zvakadzika akaturikidzana ayo, tatamuka ari medulla oblongata, panzvimbo ino kune kuyambuka wandei chacho, kureva, pfungwa yezwi rumwe rutivi. Kupedza kuchinja, ivo buruka achitevedza musana, patova akayambuka dzavo zvimedu zvasara. Pamberi musana, ivo atsvaka pamwe masero etsinga, izvo dziri. Chiratidzo yomuka ari cortex sezvinoita waya anosvika injini Tutsinga tunofambisa mashoko utwu yavo tsandanyama fibers kuzadzisa.

Chokupika auditory nerevane riri basa auditory mudunhu iri zvenyama akafukidza cortex vaiona. Visual mabasa vanotumirwa kune occipital akafukidza mu cerebral cortex. Kukuvadzwa chero pamusoro munzvimbo kunotungamirira zvimwe zvirwere zviri CNS.

uropi mamiriro akaita vakakamura pfuma kwete okunze. Uropi, kufanana shure, takapoteredzwa membranes matatu. Vari rakakamurwa yomukati (nyoro), svikiro (dandemutande) dzokunze (zvakaoma) deko. Mumwe nomumwe wavo uri zvakananga kuenderera musana.

Pasinei zvakadzama kudzidza nhengo inokosha iyi, nezvose zvakavanzika, ari hapana kukurumidza pachena. Asi basa rakaoma kuvarapi uye masayendisiti handiregi nhasi. Kutsungirira kwavo uye kusimba chinangwa kuzadzika anokudzwa zvinangwa zviri kurwira utano hwevanhu.