Nharaunda yeGurkey: maitiro uye kuongorora

Nzvimbo yenzvimbo yeTurkey inounza nyika ino zvikomborero uye zvinetso zvakawanda nezvinetso. Inowanika pamiganhu yeEurope neAsia, nyika inoshandisawo muganhu pakatarisana kwezvikamu zvitatu "zvinotambudza". Iyi ndiyo Caucasus, Balkan Peninsula uye Middle East.

Ndezvipi zvinoitika muTurkey nezvezvemari, nzvimbo uye geopolitical mamiriro ezvinhu ? Unogona sei kuratidza hukama hwemazuva ano huno nevavakidzani? Zvose izvi zvichakurukurwa munyaya ino.

Ndekupi nyika yeTurkey?

Kukundwa muHondo Yenyika Yokutanga kwakava kuuraya kuHurumende yeOttoman, iyo yakazoguma ichange iripo pamapu enyika. Somugumisiro weizvi, hurumende itsva yakaumbwa muna 1923, iyo ichakurukurwa munyaya ino.

Izvo zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti nzvimbo yekare uye nzvimbo yeTurkey yave ichibatsira. Nyika yacho iri muAfrica yeEurasia, kunze kwemuganhu wezvikamu zviviri - pamwe, Europe neAsia. Panguva imwechete mukati mekutanga yevayo chete 3% yenharaunda yeTurkey nyika. Kunyange zvakadaro, chikamu chiduku chevhu ndecheimba inenge 20% yehuwandu hwevanhu.

Turkey ndiyo imwe yenyika dzine simba rakasimudzira hupfumi. Nhasi, vanhu vanosvika mamiriyoni 78 vanogara pano, uye nzvimbo yose yehurumende ndeye 783.6 mamiriyoni makiromita (36th mu nyika muhukuru).

Nzvimbo yeiyo yeTurkey: muchidimbu nezvezvinhu

Hurumende inowanikwa mukati mekumabvazuva uye kuchamhembe kwenyika yepasi, pane kondinendi yeEurasia. Nharaunda yakawanda yaro, sezvatotaurwa pamusoro apa, inzvimbo iri muAsia.

Nzvimbo yeiyo yeTurkey, iyo yose, inobatsira. Nyika yacho iri pamucheto wepakati pezviitiko zvezvakaitika kare zvekutakura, izvo zvinopfuura kwezana remakore zvinosunganidza "mbiri" - Europe neAsia. Yemazuva ano Turkey iri kuedza kushandisa zvizere nzvimbo iyi, inovaka munharaunda yayo inyanzvi dzemigwagwa nemigwagwa.

Nharaunda yenyika haina kusiyana nekugadzirisa: nzvimbo iri pakati pechiri kumadokero kwayo uye kumaodzanyemba kumabvazuva 1600 km, uye pakati pekumusoro nekumaodzanyemba - 600 chete. Turkey ine nzvimbo yakakura kune mabhiri makuru makuru: Mediterranean uye Black. Panguva imwecheteyo, hurumende inodzora zvakakosha zvakakosha kuEurope yose Bosporus Strait. Iyo iri pamahombekombe ayo ndiyo yakareba guta guru repasi - Istanbul. Iri guta rekare rinozivikanwawo nesu kubva mumabhuku ezvakaitika saConstantinople.

Nokudaro, nzvimbo yenzvimbo yeTurkey ine simba rayo uye utera. Uye ivo, zvakare, vanoona zvakananga zvematongerwe enyika kunze kwenyika ino.

Nzvimbo yezvematongerwe enyika uye nzvimbo yeTurkey: iyo inokosha

Panyika yeTurkey yemazuva ano kwakanga kusina umambo hune simba (Byzantine, Ottoman). Nyika yemazuva ano iri pamharadzano dzemigwagwa inokosha yezvemari uye inosvika kune mabhiri maviri anokosha egungwa. Zvose izvi zvinoumba mamiriro akanaka kwazvo ekutengesa zvishandiso zvavo kumusika wepasi rose.

Nzvimbo yenzvimbo yeTurkey inobatsirawo nokuti inogumira kune dzimwe nyika zvisere. NdiBulgaria, Greece, Syria, Iran, Iraq, Armenia, Georgia uye Israel. Mukuwedzera, vavakidzani veRussia vepamhenderekedzo yeRussia, Ukraine neCyprus.

Nyika yeTurkey ndiyo inokosha muchengeti wenyika mumutambo wenyika. Kune rumwe rutivi, iyo chikamu chekutaura kukuru kweTurkey. Kune rumwe rutivi, Turkey ndeyo nhengo yeuto reuto reNATO uye mubati wechikwata cheEU.

Ukama hweTurkey nenyika dzakapoteredza

Turkey iri kuedza kuvaka maitiro ayo kunze kwenyika pamusoro pe "pasina matambudziko nevavakidzani." Mune chikamu, inobudirira, pasinei nemamiriro ezvinhu asina kukanganisika munharaunda. Nyika inotsvaka kushamwaridzana nehukama nevavakidzani vayo (kutanga uye yechipiri).

Kwete zvinhu zvose zvinotaridzika muTurkey zvine zvinyorwa zvitatu chete. Ivo iArmenia, Siria neIsrael. Maererano neTurkey Foreign Ministry, izvi zvitatu zvichitaura nhaurirano kana kuti kwete yakarurama kune dzimwe nyika. Nharaunda yemuganhu weTurkey-Syria yave iri nyaya inorwadza yehurumende kwemakore anoverengeka ikozvino.

Hondo yeTurkey-Syria uye nhoroondo yayo

Kubvumbi 2012 kunogona kufungidzirwa kutanga kweTurkey-Syrian mhirizhonga yemuganhu. Musi waOctober 3 mahombe akawira pamusoro penharaunda yeTurkey, iyo yakauraya vashanu vayo vagari vayo. Rutivi rweSyria runopomera Turkey yekubhadhara avo vanonzi vaSiria vapanduki, vane chinangwa chokuputsa hurumende yeAsad.

Pakupera kwegore ra2012, pamusangano weNATO, yakasarudzwa kutumira masimba matanhatu ane simba Patriot missile-antiaircraft complexes pamuganhu weTurkey-Syria, wakatungamirirwa kuSiria. Maererano neMunyori Mukuru wehurumende yeRasmussen, NATO yakagadzirira kuchengetedza Turkey kubva kune zviratidzo zvinogona kuitika kunze kwechisimba.

MunaNovember 2015, pane chimwe chiitiko chisingafadzi pamuganhu weTurkey-Syrian: muRussia Su-24 bhomba rakadururwa pasi. Maererano neTurkey, ndege yakasvibisa nzvimbo yepamusoro yehurumende uye haina kutambira kune nyevero pamusoro payo. Ichi chiitiko chakanyanyisa "kubvongodzwa" ukama hune hukama hwakanaka uye hukama pakati peMoscow neAnkara.

Mukupedzisa ...

Turkey iri pamuganhu we "nyika" mbiri - Europe neAsia. Nzvimbo yenzvimbo yenyika, kazhinji, inobatsira. Hurumende inodzora Bhoporus Strait uye iri mumharadzano yemigwagwa inonyanya kukosha yemakondinendi maviri.

Turkey inopfuurira pasi masere. Panguva imwe chete, ukama nevamwe vavo zvakaoma zvikuru kudana ushamwari uye ushamwari.