East African plateau. Ndekupi East East Plateau?

Nzvimbo yeEast Africa plateau iri kumaodzanyemba-kumaodzanyemba kwe "runyanga rweAfrica" - peninsula yeSomalia, kumaodzanyemba kwenzvimbo yeEthiopiya. Kuzorodzwa kwenharaunda iyi yakakura zvakaparadzana zvakasimba. Pano, gomo rakakwirira rakakwirira rinobatana nekudzika kwakadzika kweGreat Rift Valley. Kufamba kwenzvimbo yepasi kunoperekedzwa nekudengenyeka kwenyika uye kuputika kwemakomo. Munenge nharaunda yose iri mu subequatorial climatic zone.

The East African Plateau: Studies muzana remakore regumi nemapfumbamwe

Chikamu chepamusoro chekondinendi chakange chisina kudzidza zvinyorwa mazana emakore. Kunyangwe zvazvo Kilimanjaro massif pamakoto yakatorwa naPtolemy (II-III zana remakore AD). Yakapiwa pamusoro pechando-yakagadzirirwa pamusoro pegomo pedyo neEricator, vafambisi vevatengesi uye vatengesi muMiddle Ages. Kuparadzana kwechikwata kwakapesana nekuongororongedzwa kwenharaunda yeharaunda.

Pakutanga, chikamu chendima iyo nzvimbo dzakakwirira dzeAfrica dziripo, dzaive dzeBritain. Pano pane shanduro iyo muna 1889, Queen Victoria yakaendesa kuGermany Emperor Wilhelm II (muzukuru wake) mhepo yakakura kupfuura dzose kuAfrica - Kilimanjaro. Kusvikira 1918 muEurope pakanga pane rimwe zita rekoni yake - "Kaiser Wilhelm Peak". Vakuru vezvesayenzi vakaratidza kufarira kudzidza iyi munda mumakumi emakore ekupedzisira ezana remakore rechi19, apo muGermany Hans Mayer akasimuka akaenda Kibo. Kubva panguva iyo, kubuda kwevasayendisiti uye vatashanyi vanoda kuona makomo makuru, makungwa akaisvonaka, makona asingasviki ezvakasikwa haana kuomeswa. MuTanzania, Kenya uye dzimwe nyika dzeEast Africa, kutarisa kunoita mari inowedzera.

Geological maitiro eEast Africa

Kusiyana neAsia neAmerica, munharaunda iyi yenyika hapana mazamu akareba emakomo akafukidzwa, anotsanangurwa nenhoroondo ye geological uye chimiro chenyika. Iyo yakakwirira kupfuura kumusoro kweWorld Ocean, chidimbu uye chifambiso ndicho nhare yeEast Africa. Kureba kwenharaunda yakawanda inobva 500 kusvika 1500 m. Nheyo inoumbwa neyekare kare makristalline uye metamorphic matombo, makore avo anopfuura makore 2 bhiriyoni. Pasi pedo pane precambrian platform, chidimbu cheamai vanoremekedzwa Gondwana. Chimwe chifukidzo chinonzi sedimentary chakaumbwa pamusoro. MuCenozoic era, pakanga pane kuchinja kukuru kwekukura kwepasi, uye pachikamu chekupedzisira chekuvaka gomo kwakasimuka munzvimbo huru yenyika yezvikanganiso nekusimudzira.

Mhedziso yakakwana yehombekombe yeEast Africa inopfuura mamiriyoni 1000. Nharaunda yose inoratidzwa nekudzika kwemhepo, kudengenyeka kwenyika kunowanikwa, uye basa rezvino rekupisa kwemhepo rinoonekwa. Iyo yakareba yakareba yezvinhu zvakakosha zvikuru tectonic pasi pano kubva kumusoro kusvika kumaodzanyemba zvinopfuura 6000 km. Zvikanganiso zvinobva kuWed East kusvika pasi peGungwa Dzvuku. MuAfrica, inotanga kuchamhembe-kumabvazuva kweDanakil kuora mwoyo, uye inoguma kumaodzanyemba pedyo nemuromo weRwizi. Zambezi.

Geographical location

High Plain - Etaodzanyemba kweAfrica - pamepu inotora nzvimbo yakakura yekondinendi, iyo inopfuura nechokumaodzanyemba neyo equator. Kumadokero ibhasi reCongo.

Iyo yakareba kubva kuAtiopia pakapinda kuNyika Nyasa (kubva kuchamhembe kusvika kumaodzanyemba) iri 1 750 km. Kubva kumavirira kumucheto kumhenderekedzo yeIndia Ocean, 1400 km. Nharaunda yedunhu iri iri kumabvazuva kweMuwenzori Mountains uye Virunga Massif. Izvo zvakakwirira zvakanyanya uye zvinoputika pano zvinowirirana nematambudziko akadzika tectonic, kuora. Munharaunda iyi pane nzvimbo uye mvura yakasviba yemvura mikuru yeAfrica (Congo, Nile, Zambezi). Nharaunda yacho ndeyekusiyana kwenyika: Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Rwanda, Burundi, Malawi.

Zviratidzo zvekununurwa kwenharaunda chaiyo

Nzvimbo dzakakwirira dzehombekombe dzeEast Africa dzinoshingaira uye dzinovata mabhirikiti:

• Kilimanjaro (5895 m);
• Kenya (5199 m);
• Meru (4565 m);
• Elgon (4320 m).

Gomo rakakwirira kupfuura dzose reKlandmanjaro, iri muTanzania. Vanhu vomunharaunda vanoidza iyo iyo "Makomo Makachena", "Imba yaMwari Inobereka Cold." Kupenya white snow uye Kilimanjaro glaciers inoonekwa mazana emakiromita. Dome yegomo iri yakaumbwa nemitutu mitatu: iyo iri pakati paive Kibo (5696 m), nechekumabvazuva-Mawenzi (5149 m), nechekumadokero - Shira (3962 m). Inzvimbo yeEast Africa inowanikwa mvura yakanyanya yekunwa. Nzvimbo isina kudzika (kusvika kune mamiriyoni makumi mana) kubva kuLake Victoria, iyo yakakura mumvura yakachena mumvura uye pasi uye yechipiri mukurumbira munyika yose, ine dambudziko rekutengesa kwetectonic. Kureba kwayo pamusoro pegungwa kwakasvika 1134 m. Munharaunda iyi pane zvimwe zvigadziro zvemvura itsva - Lake Tanganyika, Rudolph, Eduard, yakakwirira-yakakwirira glaciers.

Mineral resources

Panharaunda yeEast Africa, makirasiki edzimba ari pedo nepamusoro, iyo inobatsira kutsvaga, kuongorora uye kuwedzera kwesimbi yesimbi, mabwe anokosha. Mukugadzirwa kwemhando dzakasiyana- siyana dzekununurwa , kwete chete mabwe akare anowanikwa. Iko kune vaduku sedimentary uye mapangamupinyi emakomo. Chikamu ichocho chekondinendi, uko nzvimbo yeEast Africa iripo, yakazara mumagmatic, metamorphic, sedimentary rocks, minerals. Izvo zvakatorwa zvicherwa:

• Iron, tin uye polymetallic ores;
• Akanaka (goridhe) uye zvisingagoni kushandiswa;
• Diamond mari:
• Dombo rinokosha ndiro tanzanite ;
• Denga rakaoma;
• Fluorite.

Izvo zvakasiyana-siyana zvechimiro chetaundi reEast Africa

Mamiriro ekunze enyika ino yekondinendi anotsanangurwa nehutungamiri hwema equatorial uye inopisa mumhepo masheji achiumba nguva - yakaoma uye yakaoma. Pasi petsoka dzemakomo dzinotarisana neIndia Ocean, mvura inonaya inowira kupfuura kuderera kumadokero. The East African Plateau inzvimbo yakajeka uye gomo, rinotungamirirwa nemasana uye matanda. Miti yezvirimwa zvekurima inosvika kusvika pakakwirira mamita 1800. Zvimwe zvinomera zvinomera uswa, shrubs, baobabs vasina kuroorwa, umbrella acacias nemimwe miti. Mumhuka yeEast Africa, herbivorous ungulates, zvikara, uye mvurafowl inowanzo .

Mune shongwe dzeSainnah dzinogumisa zvivakwa, kazhinji kune nyoka, lizards, minda yemvura. Kumusoro kuchamhembe kweTanzania kunowedzera nzvimbo dzakakwirira dzezvikomo uye nzvimbo yakakurumbira yeNgorongoro (caldara) ine dhigirii yemakiromita 22. Pasi payo ndiLake Magadi, savannah ye biosphere reserve yezita rimwe chete. Muchikamu ichi chemaodzanyemba (kumadokero kweNgorongoro Crater Highland) pane muganhu wekare weAlduvai, uko masara evanhu vekare akagara makore maviri emakore akapfuura, maronda emhuka akauraya, primitive stone axes uye scrapers.

Mhirizhonga uye savanna dzeAfrica zvinokwezva nhamba yakawanda yevashanyi vanobva kumativi ose enyika. Kuyerera kukuru kwekupinda kuri kubva munaJune kusvika kuSeptember. Kudzidza nokuchengetedza zvakasiyana-siyana zvezvakasikwa, sangano rekudyara kwekudenga kune imwe nzvimbo yeEast African Plateau, mapoka makuru emapaki uye nzvimbo dzakachengetwa dzakasikwa.