Tominsky GOK - chii ichocho? Kudhinha uye kuwedzera muchero muChelyabinsk

Tominsky GOK ndeimwe yemabasa makuru ekuvaka muRussia munguva ye post-Soviet. Izvozvi zvichaunza chii kumaodzanyemba kweUrals uye mune zvehupfumi munyika yose? Nhasi kune mhirizhonga inopisa uye kutsamwa kunopoteredza nzvimbo yezvinhizha pakati pekambani-muridzi uye vashandi.

Deposit

Tominsky deposit yemhangura-porphyry ores iri munzvimbo yeChelyabinsk. Maererano nedzimwe nyanzvi, iyo inosanganiswa mumusoro wemadhora makuru eRussia Federation uye ndeimwe yemakumi mashanu emapurisa emhangura makuru. Kuumbwa kweiyo, kuwedzera kune mhangura, inosanganisira mamwe masimbi anokosha - ndarama nesirivha. Iko kune zvakawanda zvekuchengetedza zvidhina zvisina kushandiswa muUrials uye zvinenge zvose zvakakura, dambudziko guru nderekuti kuwanda kwesimbi kuburikidza neatani yeaire mumatambudziko akawanda kwakaderera. Pachitsva changu cheTominsky, mhangura yemhangura mumutambo ndiyo yakaderera muRussia.

Iko inofungidzirwa kuchengetedzwa kwesimbi yakakosha inenge mamiriyoni 365 mamiriyoni. Iko kuiswa kwemhangura yemhangura yakawanikwa nemasangano ekutsvaga muna 1985. Kuenzanisa kwezvinyorwa uye kugoverwa nzvimbo zvakaongororwa kubva muna 1997 kusvika muna 2005. Kusvikira ikozvino, mabasa euchenjeri anotsvaga kubudirira kwemaindasitiri ari kuitika.

Iko inoshandiswa yemhangura yemhangura inoumbwa nemhando mitatu yeores: oxidized, primary sulphide uye yechipiri inovandudzwa. Izvo zviitiko zvemaminerari hazvisi zvepamusoro, saka kubudirira kwavo kuchaitwa nenzira yebasa.

Reservoir simba:

• Ores oxidized inofungidzirwa pamamita 40-60 uye inomiririrwa nehomwe yakaoma kana yakapwanyika-inogadzirisa. Kuumbwa kwewaini kunosanganisira lazurite uye malachite nenzira yezvidzitiro zviduku uye inclusions.
• Chechipiri yakagadzirisa zvidimbu zvehuta ndea 12-15 mamita.
• Purasitiki yepurasi sulphide inowanika pakadzika mamita 55, pyrites uye chalcopyrites zvinosanganiswa.

Zvakarongwa zviratidzo

Izvo zvigadzirwa zvemabhizimisi zveTominskoe deposit, maererano nenyanzvi, inenge 1 293 127 matani emhangura. Mikemikari yakakonzerwa ore inosanganisira barium, arsenic, mhangura, silicon, lithium, ndarama, zinc nezvimwe zvinhu. Mukuwedzera kune Tominsky deposit, nzvimbo yeKalinovsky, iri kure nemakiromita 4.7 kubva pamakori makuru, inenge ine tani mazana masere emhangura.

Kuitwa kwebasa raTominskoye rakarongerwa kwemakore gumi nematanhatu ekukura kwakasimba, tichifunga nezvekuora kwenguva. Nzvimbo yeKalininsky ichave yakagadzirwa kwemakore gumi. Mune ramangwana, kubatanidza kushandiswa kwezvinhu zviviri panguva yekubva muna 2025 kusvika muna 2031. Inorongwa kubvisa 75% yeaire paChitori quarry, zvasara zvingasara zvinobva kuKininovskoye mine.

Tominsky Bata

Saka, Tominsky GOK. Ndechipi chinetso chakaoma uye icho chikamu chinoumba chii? Iko kushandiswa kwemigodhi uye kushandiswa kwemiti yeTominskoye deposit ndeimwe yezvigadzirwa zvemabhizimisi makuru muRussian Federation, iyo ichavakwa mushure mekuparadzwa kweU.SR. . Icho chivako chiri kuitwa neRussia Copper Company . Icho chinangwa chinofungidzira kushandiswa kwemichina yepamusoro pane imwe nhanho yemitambo yekugadzira. Kuwedzera kwakanyanya kunobhadharwa nenyaya dzezvakatipoteredza, izvo zvakava chigumbuso munzvimbo yeCheababinsk pakati pekambani nemasangano ehurumende.

Miti yacho inoumbwa nezvinhu zvitatu zvinoshandiswa mumabhizimusi:

• Mirivha mbiri dzakazaruka paTominsky inopa uye chikamu cheKalinovsky. Kukura kwekukura kunosvika 540 mamita, nzvimbo yacho yose inenge 4 000 mahekitare.
• Nzvimbo yakagadzirwa yekuwana mhangura yemhangura nemhangura, inosanganisira kugadzirwa kwegorosi (chikwata chemugadziri - mamiriyoni 14 emitengo yezvigadzirwa) neyekucheka uye yakavharwa mvura, chirongwa che hydrometallurgical (gore rose rinokwanisa kuita matani mamiriyoni 1.7).
• Zvivako zvekugadzirisa nekugadzirwa kwezvinhu (ingano, kushandiswa kwetsvina, nezvimwewo).

Ndekupi Tominsky GOK

Kuvakwa kwechivako kunoitwa munzvimbo iri pedo neguta reKeababinsk. Pamakiromita gumi kubva kuGOK pane yeShershnevo Reservoir, iyo ndiyo inonyanya kugadziriswa kweguta neguta. Pedyo nemunda kune misha yakawanda, kubva kune dzimwe vagari vachabviswa kunzvimbo itsva dzekugara. Nzvimbo yose inotarisirwa kuenderera mberi inosvika 4 000 mahekitare.

Kuti zvive nechokwadi chekushanda kwakakwana, zvivako zvehupfumi zvichavakwa:

• Offshoot yemugwagwa kubva kuChelyabinsk.
• Bbazi rekufambisa kwechitima kubva mumusha wePervomaisky (kubva pakirasi "Strawberry").
• Kugovera magetsi, magetsi ezvigadziro achatambanudzirwa uye kushandiswa nesimba re 142 MVA richavakwa.
• Mvura inotanga, inopa uye inonatswa yezvigadzirwa zvemabhizimisi, zvekumba, yekudhakwa (kunatswa kwemvura yakabva mumusha weNovoineineglazovo, guta reKorkino, mvura yekudonha kubva kumigodhi yeKorkinsky nemigodhi yemarasha ichashandiswa).
• Kubviswa kwepayipi kubva kunzvimbo yekuisa gasi yeOJSC "Chelyabinskgazcom".
• Line telephony uye fiber kuti ipekukurukurirana.
• Zvivako, nzvimbo yekuchengetedza nekugadzirira mabhuni, nezvimwewo.

Project Innovation

Tomsk GOK inobvumirwa nehurumende yehurumende uye inyanzvi nehutaneti. Izvi zvinorevei? Chokutanga pane zvose, magetsi emichina uye nzira dzichashandiswa:

• Nzira chaiyo yekugadzirira mutero kubva kumhando dzakasiyana dzemhangura yemhangura.
• Kushandiswa kwechizvarwa chemazuva ano reagents kuwedzera kuiswa kwemhangura uye molybdenum mumuchero wakagadzirwa.
• Kuiswa uye kushanda kwezvikwidziro zvepamusoro-soro yemuenzaniso mutsva wekugadziriswa kwemafuta epasi.
• Mitsara miviri ye hydrometallurgical nzira yemhangura yakasvibiswa kubva mumhepo yakasvibiswa uye yakasununguka, iyo inoguma ichizobvumira kushandiswa kusvika pamamiriyoni makumi maviri nemakumi matatu emidziyo yakagadzirwa nehuwandu hunotarisirwa hwema 264 000 matani emhangura yakanyanya.

Nharaunda yekutanga yakaoma yakarongwa kuti iiswe kushanda muvhuvhuro ra2017, asi, maererano nemashoko ekupedzisira, kutanga kunogona kusarudzwa kwegore. Chikamu chechipiri chinorongwa kuti chiitwe muna 2019. Zvose zvinotengeswa mumushandi iyi mabhiriyoni makumi matanhatu emabhururi.

Zvinotarisira nzvimbo yacho

Tominsky Mining and Processing Processing Ndechimwe chezvigadzirwa zvekutsvaga kwemahombekombe enyika uye zvinowanikwa muurongwa hwehutano hwekuvandudza metallurgy isiri yeferi, inotora nguva kusvikira 2030. Nokuda kweUrals Southern, basa racho rinokosha zvikuru, nokuti rinovimbisa kuwedzera kukurumidza kwekusimudzira zvigadzirwa, kusimbisa mabasa nekuvaka mabhizimisi matsva.

Mushure mekugadzwa kwehutano hwose Tominsky GOK muKearyabinsk ichadzorera mari yepasi iyo nemitero inokosha inenge 120 mabhiriyoni mabhiriki kwenguva yose yekushanda kwayo. Iyo kambani pachayo inovimbisa kusikwa kwemabasa 1200 kuvanhu vemuhara. Pabasa basa rinozopiwa kune vagari veKorkinsky neSosnovsky. Ivhareji yemari inofungidzirwa pa 40,000 rubles, iyo inodarika inowanikwa muhomwe yepamusoro munharaunda.

Kune makambani akawanda uye hupfumi sehuwandu, Tomino GOK inogona kuva chigadziro. Kuvakwa kwemahofisi makuru akadaro kunoshandisa mazano emabhizimisi akawanda - makambani ekuvaka, pipe-rolling nemichina-tool plant, makambani anobatanidzwa mukuvakwa kwezvivako zvehupfumi, etc. Nyanzvi dzinofungidzira kuti imwe nzvimbo yebasa yezvenyanzvi yeGOK ichada kusikwa kusvika kumabasa manomwe mubasa rekushandira.

Kufanana neyemazuva ano emasitiriti asina kufanira, Tomsk Kushandura kunonyanya kukoshesa kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza, kuchengetedza zvisikwa zvezvisikwa uye kutarisirwa kwehupenyu hwemagariro evanhu vari pedyo nedzimba dzekugara. Kusvika pari zvino, zvikwereti zvakaitwa uye kuvakwa kwezvivako zvehupfumi zvakasiyana munharaunda yezvivako zveSosnovsky neKorkinsky zvakatanga. Muzvirongwa zvenguva refu, kuvakwa kwezvipatara-uye-spa masangano, kupa rubatsiro kune zvipatara, zvikoro, masangano emitambo nemasangano. Mamiriyoni mamiriyoni eibleti atove apedza kushandiswa mune zvemagariro evanhu.

Public Movement

Kune ikozvino nzvimbo dze metallurgy dzisiri dzesimbi mumaguta eUrials akawana kukoshesa. Mumwe wavo ndiye ane mukurumbira weKarabashmed Mubatanidzwa, munharaunda iyo inenge isina chinhu chiripo, uye muganhu wehuwandu hwevanhu hahupfuura makore makumi mana. Vashandi vanorwisana nekuvakwa kweGOK, vakasika musangano we StopGOK, uyo mazano anosanganisira kuregwa kwekuvakwa kwechivako.

Mhedziso huru pamusoro pekuvakwa kweGOK, inotungamirirwa nevatungamiri vesangano, ndeyotevera:

• Kusvibiswa kweShershnev gadziro uye kunyange kukwanisa kubviswa kwemvura kubva mairi semugumisiro wekudzika kwekamuri.
• Vavengi vanopikisa kuti gomba redu, iro igomba guru rine zvinodhaka zvakasvibiswa zvinosvibisa, zvingasvibiswa zvichisvibisa mvura pasi, iyo inotungamirira kune njodzi yezvakatipoteredza munyika yose.
• Pane kutya kuti kusvibiswa kwemhepo kunopisa kunokonzera kupisa kunokonzera, hakuzovi nechimwe chinhu chokufema. Mumamiriro ekurwisana kwemhepo yakachena muChelyabinsk, chiito chakaitwa pasi pezita rokuti "Breathe", vatori vechikamu avo vakashandisa gasi masks.

Zvinoshamisika kuti rutivi rwemusangano wekupikisa runove nevanhu vasina chokuita nehupenyu uye havana ruzivo munharaunda iyi. Vamwe vavo vanorarama kunze kweRussia uye vari vamiririri vane simba kubva kune dzimwe nyika. Vamwe vagari veKeababinsk vanotenda kuti mamiriro ezvinhu akapoteredza muti wacho anonyatsopisa, uye kuvaka pachako uye kutya kwevagari vanoshandiswa sechibvumirano chezvikwata mumitambo yezvematongerwe enyika.

Zviito zvezviremera

Kuti aparadze kutya kwevanhu vose, Gavhuna B. Dubrovsky akatanga chirongwa chokuzvimirira uye kuongororwa kwezvinyorwa zveTGOK nezvekuchengetedzwa kwenharaunda. Kuongororwa kwakaitwa neyanyanzvi veYekaterinburg Mining and Geological University, umo vakatsanangura kuti, vachifunga nezvezviverengera zvezvikurudziro zvavo, simiti nemuti zvachose hazvina ngozi.

Nhoroondo yeruzivo yakagamuchirwa haina kugutsa vatsigiri, saka yakagadziriswa kushanda kumigodhi yemigodhi yebazi - St. Petersburg Mining University. Zvechokwadi, mabhizimisi akawanda emunharaunda yeKeababinsk, yakavakwa mumafungu ekutanga uye echipiri ekushanda mune zveSoviet Union, haigoni kukurira kushorwa kupi zvako. Munguva yekuvakwa kwezvivako zvezvikwata hapana munhu anofungidzira nezvezvisikwa zvipenyu, mamiriro akasiyana nemasanganisi emazuva ano uye nzvimbo.

Masayendisiti ePetersburg anotsigira zvakawanikwa nevamwe vavo kubva kuYunivhesiti yeEkaterinburg. Vashandi vanoramba vachimuteerera maonero evanoongorora. Nyanzvi dzakabvumirana ndokutaura kuti chirongwa ichi "Tominsky GOK" hachina kutyisidzirwa zvakanyanya, kuti kuvakwa kuchaita kuti kuve nekuvandudzwa kwemamiriro ehupfumi pasina kukanganisa kwakatipoteredza.

Kutya kwevanhu vanowira munharaunda yekutungamira kweGOK kunogona kunzwisiswa, asi zvakakosha kugadzirisa dambudziko. Kune rumwe rutivi rwechikwereti kushandiswa nekushanda nekushandiswa kwezvinhu zvose zvepamusoro zvekuchengetedza mamiriro ezvinhu, kusimudzira mararamiro ehupenyu, mukana wekufambira mberi kwenyika yose. Pamwe-hutano hwechizvarwa chinotevera, chimiro chakanaka. Mhinduro yakawanda kumubvunzo kusvikira zvino hapana munhu ane, inoramba iripo netariro yekusarudza kwepamusoro kugadzirisa nyaya kubva kumativi ose ehondo.