Detonation rocket engine: miedzo, kushandiswa kwemashoko, zvinobatsira

Kukunda kwekunze kwepanyika kunobatanidzwa zvakananga necraftcraft. Mwoyo wemhando ipi neipi yekutakura ndiyo injini yayo. Anofanira kukura yekutanga velocity - inenge 7.9 km / s, kutumira vastronaidzi muhutumbi, uye yechipiri nzvimbo kukunda munda une simba repasi. Kuita izvi hakusi nyore, asi masayendisiti ari kuramba achitsvaka nzira itsva dzekugadzirisa dambudziko iri. Vagadziri vokuRussia vakaramba vachiwedzera uye vakagadzirira kuvaka detonation rocket engine, iyo miedzo yakabudirira. Uku kubudirira kunogona kunzi kushandiswa kwechokwadi mumunda wepace engineering.

Zvitsva Zvitsva

Nemhaka yei injini yekudzivirira ine tariro yakawanda? Maererano nevasayendisiti, ruzivo rwavo ruchava zviuru gumi zvakapetwa kupfuura zvingave zviripo majini engoro. Panguva imwecheteyo, ivo vachadya zvishoma zvishoma mafuta, uye kugadzirwa kwavo kuchave kunoratidzirwa nebhadhi dzakaderera uye kubudirira. Chikonzero chei ichi?

Izvo zvose pamusoro pekusvibiswa kweiyo oxyidation yemafuta. Kana iri mumazuva ano makomboti nzira yekushandura inoshandiswa - inononoka (subsonic) inopisa mafuta nguva dzose, saka detonation rocket injini mabasa nekuda kwekuputika, kusvibiswa kwemhepo inopisa. Icho chinopisa nehupamhi hunoshandiswa nekubudiswa kwehuwandu hwemhepo inopisa panguva imwe chete sekupararira kwekutyisa wave. Kubudirira uye kuongororwa kwemaRussia akasiyana-siyana emotokari yekuchenesa yakaitwa ne laboratory yakanyatsoshandiswa "Detonation liquid rocket engines" sechikamu chekugadzirwa kweEnergomash.

The Excellence of New Engines

Kudzidza uye kukurudzirwa kwezvinjini zvinodzidziswa zviri kuitwa nevekutungamirira masayendisiti enyika kwemakore makumi manomwe. Chikonzero chikuru chinodzivirira kusikwa kweiyo injini ndeye kupisa kusingadzorwi kupisa kwemafuta. Mukuwedzera, nhepfenyuro yaisanganisira mabasa ekugadzirisa zvakakwana mafuta uye oxidizer, pamwe nekubatanidzwa kwebizi uye kutora mhepo. Zvayakagadzirisa matambudziko aya, zvingave zvichigoneka kuumba detonation rocket injini, iyo inoshandiswa nehuchenjeri hunozoita nguva. Panguva imwecheteyo, masayendisiti anodana zvipo zvakadai:

1. Kukwanisa kukura nekukurumidza mu subsonic uye hypersonic ranges.
2. Kuvhiringidzwa kubva pakugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvakawanda zvinofamba.
3. Muzasi uye mashoma emiti inogadzira simba.
4. High thermodynamic efficiency.

Chaizvoizvo rudzi urwu rwejini rwakanga rusina kugadzirwa. Kwenguva yokutanga yakaedzwa kuendesa ndege shoma muna 2008. Iyo injonation injini yemaketheni anotakura yakatanga kuedzwa nevaSusayiti masayendisiti. Ndicho chikonzero chiitiko ichi chakapiwa zvakakosha zvikuru.

Nheyo yekushanda: tsvina uye inopfuurira

Parizvino, masayendisiti arikudziridza maikirwe ane tsvina uye inoramba iri kushanda. Nheyo ye detonation rocket injini ine chirongwa chekushanda chinoshandiswa pakugadzirwa kwekamuri yekutsvaira ine motokari inopisa, kupisa kwaro uye kubudiswa kwezvinhu zvinopisa mumhepo. Saizvozvowo, mune imwe nzira, mafuta acho anodyiwa nguva dzose kumusasa unopisa, mafuta anotsvaira mune rimwe kana kuti mamwe mafungu ekudzivirira anogara achipararira mukati mekuyerera. Zvinobatsira zveenjini dzakadaro ndezvi:

1. Rimwe-nguva kupisa kwemafuta.
2. Izvo zvakajeka kuvaka.
3. Kukura kwediki uye kuyerwa kwekuisa.
4. Kunyanya kushandiswa kweshandiswa inopisa.
5. Nhamba yakadzika yemhanzi yakabudiswa, kudengenyeka uye kunokonzera kubudisa.

Mukuona, kushandisa zvidzidzo izvi, detonation liquid rocket injini yechirongwa chekushanda chinoshandiswa ichapedza nzvimbo dzose dziripo nekuda kwehukuru-hukuru uye hutengo hunhu.

Miedzo ye injination injini

Kuedzwa kwekutanga kwemafuro ekudzivirira mudzimba kwakaitwa mukati megadziriro yegurojekiti yakagadzwa neUnited Education uye Science. Sekufananidzirwa, injini duku ine kamuri remoto inoputika 100 mm muhupamhi uye gore rinoshandiswa nezera remakiromita mashanu rakaratidzwa. Miedzo yacho yakaitwa pane bhenekeri yakakosha, zviratidzo zvakanyorwa pakushanda pamarudzi akasiyana-siyana emusanganiswa unopisa-hydrogen-oksijeni, gasi yemhepo-oxygen, propane-butane-oksijeni.

Miedzo ye detonation injini ye rocket ye oxygen-hydrogen fuel yakaratidza kuti kutenderera kwetrmodynamic yezvikamu izvi zvinosvika 7% zvakanyanya kudarika pane kana kushanda zvimwe zvikamu. Mukuwedzera, zvakaongororwa zvakajeka kuti sezvo kuwanda kwemafuta kunowedzera kuwedzera, chinangwa pamwe chete nenhamba yemafungu ekudzivirira uye kuwedzera kwekukura kwekuwedzera.

Analogs mune dzimwe nyika

Masayendisiti anobva kunyika dzinotungamira anobatanidzwa mukuvandudzika kwezvinodzivirira injini. Kubudirira kukuru pane izvi kwakagadziriswa nevagadziri vanobva kuU.SA. Mune mienzaniso yavo vakaona nzira isinganzwisisiki yokushanda, kana kuchinja. Hondo yehurumende yeUnited States yekushandisa kushandisa iyi yekugadzirisa kuti igadzire pamusoro pezvikepe. Nokuda kwemazana avo mashoma uye maduku maduku, ane simba rakakura rekubudisa, vachabatsira kuwedzera kubudirira kwezvikepe zvehondo.

Ikoichi stoometometric hydrogen uye oksijeni inoshandisa basa rayo inonzi American detonation rocket engine. Zvakanakira simba rakadaro rakanyanya hupfumi - okisi inopisa zvakanyanya sekudikanwa kwehutayidhi ye hydrogen. Iye zvino hurumende yeUnited States inoshandisa mabhiriyoni emadhora madhora kuti ipe zvikepe zvehondo zvine carbon fuel. Stoichiometric fuel ichaderedza mari yakawanda.

Mamwe mazano ekufambisa uye tarisiro

Nhamba itsva yakagadziriswa semugumisiro wekudzidzira injini injini yakaratidza kushandiswa kwemitemo mitsva yakakosha yekugadzira chirongwa chekushanda nemafuta emvura. Asi nokuda kwekushanda kweenjini dzakadaro kunofanira kuva nekupisa kukuru kushorwa pamusana pehuwandu hwekubudiswa kwesimba. Panguva ino, kupfeka kwakakosha kuri kuumbwa, iyo ichaita kuti kushanda kwekamuri rinopisa riri pasi pekushisa kwemaitiro. Nzvimbo inokosha mukutsvakurudza mberi ndeye kusikwa kwekusanganisa misoro, nekubatsira kwachazoita kuti zviwane madonhwe ezvinhu zvinopisa zvehupi hupi, huwandu uye hutano. Nokugadzirisa nyaya idzi, itsva detonation liquid rocket injini ichagadzirwa, iyo inoumba hwaro hwechikwata chitsva chemasviketi anotakura.