Bhizimisi, Industry
ACU "Acacia". Kuzvidzivirira maitiro 2C3 "Acacia": unyanzvi hwezvigadzirwa nemifananidzo
"Acacia" - 152 kuzvidzora propelled howitzer (GABTU indekisi - chinhu 303). Yakataurwa chikwata vagadziri of Ural Transport Machine-Building Plant achitungamirirwa FF Petrova uye gs Efimova. Sau 2S3 "Acacia" rinotarisirwa kuparadzwa uye kudzvinyirira kuti atirari uye dhaka mabhatiri, muvengi waMwari manpower, firepower, matangi, chitundumuseremusere launchers, tactical Achishandisa zvombo zvenyukireya, murayiro uye kuzvidzora nzvimbo nevamwe.
alternation zvizvarwa
Kusvikira makore sixties wekupedzisira remakore muSoviet Army mauto kuramba kuva nokuzviremekedza propelled atirari zviumbu (Sau) the Second World War, akadai SU-100, Manje-152 uye Manje-122. Michina iyi sangana unhu pfuti-howitzer zvivako pamwe Anti-tangi nezvaanogona. Zvakakunakirai kuti pakawanda ichi chavaida uto chikoro wekare ruzivo yehondo muHondo Yenyika II. Zvisinei, pamwe kuchinja Zvizvarwa vakuru uye vemauto zvishoma nezvishoma vakaumba maonero matsva ari kushandisa mazano okuzvibatsira propelled atirari muhondo ano.
Kunyanya, huru muvengi Matangi nedzimwe motokari warrior haisi munhuwo projectile uye kudzora antitank chombo (ATGMs). Panyaya iyi, nyanzvi uto vava kudavira kuti rumwe rutivi, kuzvicheka-propelled atirari zviumbu regai dzidzira mukuparadza inorema michina, uye kuno rumwe rutivi, ACS mutsva haafaniri "vakapfeka" mukati merima dzokurwa, nekuti ATGM anogona kunyange kupaza sturdiest pavo . Uyezve, maererano nezvinodiwa itsva, kuzvicheka-propelled atirari vanofanira kunonyanyisa mufambo, aviatransportabelnost uye kwakawedzera buoyancy. Kuti zvinodiwa michina, vanofanira kusiya rinorema zvombo uye vanosarudza dziviriro bara. Maererano placement kwepfuti, ipapo moto kuwedzera mukana wokushandiswa rinoda kuiswa kwete bronerubke, uye pachena kutenderera turret, izvo zvichaita kuitisa yakaoma tenderera vachiridzira. Mukuwedzera rimwe chikuru zvinodiwa muchiuto chaiva kusika mukana kushandisa zvombo zvenyukireya yoku- ACS.
prehistory
Kutanga basa musi ACS "Acacia" akanga pashure chihombe kutsvaka injini tsvakurudzo chirongwa, umo kuenzaniswa kuongorora atirari gadziriro dzakabudiswa izvo zvakasikwa munguva Second World War (akadai SU-100, SU-152 nevamwe), uyewo post-hondo nguva - sezvo mudzimba gunsmiths uye vatorwa. Saka, muna muitiro masangano yokutsvakurudza uye mabhizimisi USSR kuzvidzivirira yakaoma kwave aronga akawanda akasiyana Misiyano iri chassis, izvo zvaizoita kuti rakamiswa 152 mm kanoni. Maererano nomumwe izvi vaizviita propelled howitzer vaishandiswa pachishandiswa imwe tangi chassis anoramba "118", "123" uye "124" Sverdlovsk Engineering Plant mainjiniya. In basa uyu inopiwa nzvimbo turret kanoni towed pfuti D-20.
Mune imwe nzira zvinganaka ACS "Acacia" akasika pachishandiswa magungano zvigadziriswe svikiro tangi T-64 ( "kuramba 432"). Mainjiniya zvinganaka kuisa 152 mm kanoni ari warrior turret rotatable pamwe coaxial pfuti. Izvi mhinduro yakanga yakakurumbira zvikuru, sezvo T-64 aiva wokutanga post-hondo tangi chizvarwa wechipiri. Zvainge chinozoiswa dzakawanda itsva zvinogadzirisa itsva, mupepa yepakutanga chassis uye otomatiki loader. Nepo muchina uyu zvave yakakurumbira kwazvo elaborations ose vaizotibata zvirongwa warrior motokari. Zvisinei, kutsvakurudza ruzivo kuzvipira propelled atirari, uyewo elaborations kugadzwa mufananidzo wakanga vaifarira-refu yepfungwa anozvipira propelled pfuti. Uye kuti mamwe basa pakusikwa ACS "Acacia" zvakanzi ndakarumbidzwa ari chassis of Sverdlovsk Engineering Plant.
History chokusika
Zvichienderana ose pamusoro zvekushandisa matambudziko, Joint chisarudzo pamusoro USSR uye CPSU №609-201 kubva 07.04.1967, ari Sverdlovsk Machine Engineering "Uraltransmash" akabudisa mashoko panotaurwa kuti kusikwa ACS 2S3 "Acacia". Pamwe 152mm yakaoma chirimwa vagadziri zvakagadzira zvimwe kuzvidzora propelled atirari gadziriro: 122mm howitzer "Carnation" uye "Violet", uye 240 mm dhaka "AND tulip". Pane mhando itsva yokuzvidzora propelled pfuti akanga achida kubvisa backlog of USSR NATO nyika iyi mativi. "Acacia" akanga akagadzirirwa kuti kunorwa pakati regiments ose michini inifanduri uye warrior kupesana. Izvi vaizviita propelled howitzer kwaiitirwa kuparadza anodzivirira uye kuzarura yomuvengi manpower, uto midziyo uye nezvombo, uye zvimwe zvinhu kuti kudzika weboka mubereko. Gun maitiro anobva chassis ari experimental kuzvidzora propelled zviumbu "kuramba 105" uye "kuramba 120", uyewo SAM "Circle".
prototypes maviri okutanga vakasikwa pakazopera 1968, zvisinei, zvakakomba zvikanganiso, kunyanya pane chiutsi simba kwazvo conning neshongwe vaizivikanwa panguva yokuedzwa. Nemhaka iyi yokushaya ivhu mamwe mana arambwa muzhizha gore rinouya. Mushure Kusimudzira kufefetedza gadziriro, dambudziko iri rakanga chakagadziriswa somugumisiro akatevedzana anozvipira propelled pfuti wokutanga, "Acacia" (photo, munyaya ino, vanoratidza michina izvi) yakabudiswa muna 1970. Uye muna 1971 zvakanzi kupinzwa basa. muenzaniso rino rakanyorwa kuchinja kusvikira 1975, pashure vanhu vapinda upgraded shanduro ACS "Acacia" pasi chiratidzo 2S3M. The yoku- motokari yakanga yoku- boeukladku there gumi mhosva, saka nani mwero Zvakawanikwa zvakaoma uye transportable zvombo. Makore maviri gare gare, kuzvicheka-propelled pfuti ndavhiyiwa mumwe mazuvaano (2S3M1). Zvino 152 mm akanga nepokuongorora nokuzviremekedza propelled howitzer chiyamuro midziyo, kugamuchira, kubudiswa, uye kuratidzwa kuti murayiro Data uye mutsva kuona SP-538. Mukuwedzera, vakanga akatanga ari zvombo kugadziriswa projectiles 3OF38 "sendimita" uye kutungamirirwa zvombo 3OF39 "Krasnopol". Last 2S3M2 modernized shanduro akasiyana dzavo vamutangira zvikuru simba atirari hurongwa. Uyewo, shanduro iyi installation yakanga vakapakata priemoindikatornoy midziyo "Machine opareta M" (1V514-1), kunoita kuti uite kupanana umboo pakati muchina mukuru bhatiri mukuru uye mudziyo, nokudaro kuderedza nguva kugadzirira zvakaoma kuvhura moto. Kazhinji, kuzvicheka-propelled howitzer "Acacia" rakanyorwa kusvikira 1993.
Description of muchina
Atirari chikwata akaita maererano dzekare urongwa shongwe deckhouse. The kunzwisisa yave warrior welded muviri kuti rakakamurwa nezvikamu zvitatu: kuzvidzora, zvechiuto uye simba (motor-hutachiwana). Bazi rokutanga riri pakati injini uye rusvingo kuti chengarava mumhino muviri. Pane nzvimbo nokuveza mutyairi. Power Dhipatimendi iri chaipo pamberi. Pane ane hutachiwana, injini uye propulsion gadziriro. Shure pamusoro Hull unorwa mupanda. Nechepasi ane muviri akaisa kutenderera pachikuva akatasva bhora-kudzingana, izvozvo rinoshandisa skates shanu. Kubasa murwi anoiswa kuruboshwe pamusoro pfuti, uye uchiraira - kurudyi. Armchair mukuru ndiye anokonzera murwi.
Implementation yokuzvidzora propelled chassis wakasiyana ayo vamutangira uchishandisa melkozvenchatye makonye pamwe rabha pegomo uye pamberi-pamusoro chinotenderera.
"Acacia", 152 kuzvidzora propelled howitzer: atirari chidimbu
Cannon (2A33) akanga ava db-9 ichi kuzvidzora propelled. Nokuti hwaro towed pfuti-howitzer D-20 akabatwa. Kuvaka kumumvuri kwakaitwa panguva Perm Engineering Plant №172, uye vakawanda kugadzirwa - pamusoro-software "kwezvinovharidzira". Atirari pfuti pamwe gedhi wehunyambiri achikanganisa uye katatu ejector tomu Akadamburanya wabatwa warrior namahwindo muhombe turret akatasva idenderedzwa kubereka yanyatsosimba. Kuti zviite kuti vachizvitakudza nzira howitzer akashongedzerwa ane electromechanical mudziyo ramming anoshongwa uye liners chepakutanga design, uyewo tireyi-catcher bagged dzisimbe. Pamusoro pedenga conning shongwe ACS (mufananidzo yambotaurwa) rakasara cupola wavarwi uko hwavapo pfuti pamwe kure kuzvidzora, kuti starboard ari kuchaja tsotsonya. The moto inogona kuitwa kubva panzvimbo, zvose zvakajairika ezvinhu uye utachiona munharaunda. Boeukladki kuzvidzora propelled atirari (non-upgraded wokuenzanisira) raizoiswa mbiri motorized mabhandi. Panguva vachiridzira, vanogona kuva zvokudya pachishandiswa unokosha tsotsonya mumuviri kubva pasi.
Propulsion hurongwa uye ebetsero midziyo
On the vaizviita propelled howitzer "Acacia" Developers akaisa gumi-V-zvakaumbwa mana sitiroko turbocharged mvura dzaserera injini (B-59). Pamwe chete naye akashandisa kaviri aibuda zvokuimba hutachiwana pamwe yemapuraneti pakona zvigadziriswe. Atirari chikwata ane nomumwe torsion bhaa kuturika pamwe hydraulic telescopic kuvhunduka absorbers. At ACS vagadziri isu makasimbisa chaiyo dozer chipande, zvichibvumira kwemaminitsi makumi maviri kuchera mugero muvhu kuvanza. Nechinangwa muchidziisa vashandi akagadzawo self propelled kudziyisa system (RH-65G) vane goho riri 6500kKal / awa. Izvi vaizviita propelled atirari hurongwa ane seboka kudzivirira hurongwa zvitengeswa uye PPO Paz, zvombo zvinoparadza. 2S3 ari akashongedzerwa ane otomatiki moto ezvinhu, imwe mupise Unit, kwegadziriro Simbiso nezvikamu kuti achadzivirira vashandi kubva zvinokonzerwa bacteriological, zvenyukireya uye nezvombo zvine makemikari. The tightness of self propelled howitzer rachengetedzwa nedanho vachiridzira, uye panguva kufamba.
zvombo
Nokuti vaipfura kubva vaizviita propelled howitzer "Acacia" rakashandiswa anoshongwa kubva kanoni D-20 uye ML-20, uyewo howitzer D-1. Nokuti izvi Hurongwa, munhu wose mutsetse 152-mm zvombo yakagadzirwa mavari. Somuenzaniso: mukuru-putika goko 3VOF33 azere shanduka uye kuderedzwa nokuchengeta, pamwe 3VOF33 chikuva nokuchengeta, 3VOF96 ndokupfura 3VOF97, 3VOF98 uye 3V013 uye 3V014 kubva kusabatana projectile zvizere kukaseti uye kuderedzwa mutariri. Kwakaderedza mhosva achitirega kutumira projectiles kure diki noruoko steeper nzira. Izvi zvinoita kuti varove huru kuti zvakavigwa shure zvipingamupinyi siyana, dzakadai dzimba, zvikomo uye zvichingodaro.
Kuparadza rinorema warrior motokari vaishandisa tinofanira kugara PD-540 zvombo. anoshongwa ava kwokutanga velocity kuti 676 m / S vari aiming siyana makiromita anosvika mashanu. Normal ivo pinda tangi zvombo kuti 250 mm pa necheparutivi 60 madhigirii kusvika 220 mm uye necheparutivi 30 madhigirii - 120 mm. Kuwedzera kune izvi vaizviita propelled zvombo ari zvombo chikwata chinosanganisira chaiyo zvombo, kushumira kuti disorganize yomuvengi kudzorwa enyika panguva tactical pamwero kuburikidza jamming uye Ultra-pfupi redhiyo mafungu. Somuenzaniso, 3VRB37 uye 3VBR36 dzizere uye kuderedzwa nokuchengeta.
Sau "Acacia": Features
Fitting rwisana uremu matani 27.5 (vade uremu "Acacia" anobvumira chokufambisa yayo kuna chokufambisa ndege), pamwe kureba rinotungamirirwa mberi chishandiso - 7765 mm Height - 3050 neMM, upamhi - 3250 mm. Clearance ACS - 450 neMM, paavhareji chikwata pasi kufurirwa - 0,6 makirogiramu / masendimita 2. Engine simba riri 520 zvapano, kukurumidza - 2000 Zvak / min. Coils nokurondedzerwa: nomumwe kuturika, Crawler mhando propulsion Unit, wa1 uye 6 rollers takashongedzerwa pamwe hydraulic telescopic kuvhunduka absorbers, rabha-makonye upamhi - 485 neMM, nhamba shangu - 115. Fuel vanokwanisa iri 850 litres. Kunonyanyisa nokukurumidza - 63 km / h. Cruising Range - 500 km. The muchina anokwanisa kukurira zvipingamupinyi: Growth - 30 madhigirii, rwakapetwa - 25 madhigirii, mugero - 3 metres, rusvingo - 0,7 metres, Wade - 1 mita. The frontal muviri uye turret dzokurwa ndiyo 30 mm. Self-propelled howitzer rikarira ine vanhu vana.
Chombo: Magadzirirwo
Sezvambotaurwa, Developers howitzer 2A33 ndivo db-9 uye KB2 Perm muchina-kuvaka chirimwa, uye rakaitirwa software "kwezvinovharidzira". On "Uraltransmash" kwokupedzisira paungano ACS. Details of chokushandisa ichi ndeinotevera: ari caliber - 152,4 neMM, Upfu hazviiti pakureba - 510-750 mm achinongedza pamakona - kutwasuka -4 kuti +60 madhigirii, chinjikira - 360 madhigirii, uremu swinging mugove - 2450 makirogiramu, mwero - 1, 9-3,5 vaitenderera paminiti. Bhaudhi Chikamu chinhu Semi-wehunyambiri muteveri achikanganisa mhando. Akaputsa rollback - hydraulic chokurukisa. Pneumatic - recuperator mhando. Loading - yoga-mhosva. Vachiridzira dungwerungwe: anoshongwa kutaipa 3OF25 kusvika 17.3? Km kusvika 20.5? Km 3OF22, "Krasnopol" - kusvika 20 km.
Sezvo mamwe maoko vaishandisa pfuti mhando PKT 7,62 neMM, inova 250 zvombo cartridges.
boka remauto
Self-propelled howitzers 2S3 "Acacia" riri kushandiswa zvinobudirira muuto nokurwisana zhinji yakaitika dzakasiyana dzepasi mumakore mana emakore. Kuvapo vezvikwata izvi mubasa pamwe Soviet Army Western uchenjeri rakawanikwa chete muna 1973, saka akave nokugamuchira bumbiro zita "Model 1973". Pamutemo, hurumende yacho USSR "chiedza kumusoro" ACS "Acacia" chete muna 1977 "Karpaty" kurovedza. Zvegore, michina iyi kokutanga akatora mugove kwakawanda pamusoro Red Square. Muna 1979, vangasvika zana kuzvidzora propelled howitzers 2S3 zvikapiwa East Germany, inotevera nyika kuti izvi kurwisa motokari, aiva Iraq. Panguva Iraqi kambani "Acacia" chikamu pakuvhiya zvose muchiuto, zvisinei, vaisagutsikana kushaya muchiuto, mune pfungwa dzavo, mumwe vachiridzira siyana.
Kubva pakutanga remapazi zvechiuto muna Afghanistan, pfuti idzi dzaiva mukupara artpodrazdelenih zvishoma contingent wamapoka Soviet. Nyanzvi Military yakataura yakakwirira rakavimbika hurongwa Zvisinei, zvakare haana pasina zvainovhiringidzawo. The chikuru zvakaipira ACS aiziva kushaya kupfura siyana uye mwero moto. An dzinonakidza ndechokuti muna Afghanistan, kuti michina hondo zvaishandiswa zvikurukuru kutungamirira moto, waiva mukuru aiodza mwoyo zvainoita Mujahideen. Chete chidobi zvino kushandiswa pamusoro reSiriya muchiuto uye Islamist nemauto.
Sau "Acacia" uye vaiitawo mukurwisana zvose zvombo yaimbova USSR. Somuenzaniso, nokuti makambani ari North Caucasus, uyewo panguva vanonzi "Hondo 888".
Nhasi, izvi rwisana pfuti zvaishandiswa mukakavadzane Ukraine, kubva nguva mauto uye nevarwi.
mhedziso
Parizvino mubasa nehondo dzedu sezvo ano kuzvidzora propelled atirari, uye kugadzirwa yaitonga Soviet Union. Howitzer "Acacia", pasinei akwegura, anoramba nguva kutakura kungwarira kwete chete veuto Russian, asi kunze. pfuti aya akapa kuna Europe: kunyika of Warsaw chibvumirano; kuna Africa: Algeria, Iraq, Libya, Siria. Uyezve, pashure Soviet Union yakaparara, michina iyi vaiva dzose dzaichimbova dzeSoviet. Kudiwa ichi mhando chombo mberi vachimuvenga zvokutoda kumuponda uye nhasi anogamuchira zvirevo zvose pfuti sezvo Soviet Union uye Russia pamusoro ACS itsva. Zvechokwadi, muhondo dzemazuva ano, zvivako yakadaro pamwe zvakarurama-akatungamirira munitions vanogona basa rinokosha. Kuitwa "Acacia" akaratidza rutivi rwake zvakanakisisa, nyanzvi uto vanoti pakururama uye rakavimbika ichi atirari hurongwa. Pashure kupindura akava akakurumbira zvikuru kambani Afghan. Zvichida ndokusaka rinoramba mubasa kwete nyika yedu asiwo dzimwe nyika dzakawanda munyika yose.
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