Vanyori mabasa nezvemhuka uye hunhu

Semhuka Musoro zvakarurama vaiona husingaperi. zvinhu zvinogona kuwanikwa ngano uye nemabasa chekare uye ano mabhuku. Alexander Kuprin, Dzhek London, Dzherald Darrell - kuti vanyori avo akanyorwa pamusoro pemhuka (mazita ari kure kure wakakwana). Pasinei chokwadi kuti uwandu semhuka mabasa vanyori ava zvakasiyana, asi udzamu avo tarenda handiyo chete, vose wakasika succinct uye asingakanganwiki mifananidzo "hama dzedu duku" kuti anokwezva vaverengi nanhasi.

kupatsanura

Dzimwe nguva, kuona uyo akanyora pamusoro pemhuka, zvakaoma. The zvezvinotaurwa mhuka Genre saka moveable uye kujeka kuti kunogona zvaisanganisira kana kutsvakwa, uye zvakaedza Kolobok, uye "The Metamorphosis" Frantsa Kafki. Ndokusaka mabhuku vatsoropodzi kwakasimbiswa uwane kupatsanura mishonga zvose mhuka:

• "Classic" animalism, rinomirira mhuka nyika andinenge, pasina murume. Muenzaniso unoshamisa - Nyaya Seton-Thompson.
• Okufananidza anthropology: mhuka anofananidzwa munhu anoziva ane zvakawanda kudzidza kubva "hama zviduku". A muenzaniso nokuenzanisa kwakadaro - "Rwiyo Nezvorukodzi" Maksima Gorkogo.
• Animal ane Kumubata tsitsi, kunooneka sechinhu bestiarnom pakuunganidza muchimiro refu-vakarasika, kuti anounza nokunzwa kuda nguva yakapfuura.
• Ngano uye mabhuku dzechembere dzinovaraidza somunhu mukuru hunhu, uye zvichingodaro. D.

Uyewo zvakafanana nayo shoko rokuti "nyore mabhuku", asi ayo Category Range riri zvishoma hwakafara kupfuura kuti semhuka mabasa, uye zvinosanganisira nyaya enganonyorwa pamusoro zvinomera.

Ernest Thompson Seton

Pakati pevaya akanyora nyaya mhuka, zvichida kupfuura akakurumbira ndiye munyori wokuCanada Seton-Thompson. Paaiva Canada akararama nguva: muchikamu ichi pamusoro North America , akatamira nevabereki vake, somukomana-gore 6-okuberekwa. Kubva pauduku akanga ajaira zvakasikwa uye mapani vanopfuura vanhu. Saka hapana chinoshamisa pakuti magamba mabasa ake okutanga vakanga vasiri vamiririri rwevanhu, uye ... shiri.

Mumakore ake upenyu Thompson Seton yakabereka zviuru inoverengeka nyaya yakanyorwa kwesayenzi uye yakakurumbira manyorerwo, uyewo mabhuku kuti tinokosha kuna sayenzi mhuka. Kunyange zvazvo Fans romubati mashoko chiduku kumuziva somunhu muvambi zvinonakidza nyaya, kuwana nyika zvakasikwa kubva kumwe kota ( "Lobo", "Mustang pacer" uye zvichingodaro. D.). Seton-Thompson anozivikanwa mifananidzo yake, uyewo kusikwa "Vudkraftskogo voruzhinji", iro richava zvikabva yazvino mukomana Scout nemasangano. Pfungwa iyi Seton-Thompson akaita kusundwa kuti kudzidza refu Indian tsika, anobva kubva makore munyori mangwanani.

"Mhuri yangu uye Other Animals"

Dzimwe vanyori mabasa pamusoro mhuka dzakamanikidzwa vanomboenda kusiya zvinhu ake - zvemhuka - uye kutendeukira kuna mabhuku nokuda zvinhu zvinokonzera. Saka pamwe Gerald Durrell. Kunyange somwana raved pamusoro pemhuka uye nezvose zvine chokuita navo. Ndava nemakore 14, mukomana akawana basa muchitoro "Aquarium", uye mushure Second World War, kuedza kwake ruoko pa "Whipsnade" Zoo se "mukomana ari pozveryushkah". Muna 1947, Gerald anowana mugove wake nhaka yababa vake, vakabudirira akapedza kunorwa. Kusiyiwa pasina mari uye basa, Darrell riri zano munin'ina wake, yakakurumbira novelist, anoedza pachake ari vanyori 'mhosva. Uye zvakanaka, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa. Izvi zvakanga kunyanya chikamu Greek trilogy yokutanga "Mhuri Yangu uye Zvimwe Animals." Chete muEngland bhuku rakabudiswa zvinopfuura ka30!

Semhuka dingindira mabhuku dzenhoroondo Russian

Kusiyana vakanyora pamusoro, kuRussia anotaura vanyori nemabasa nezvemhuka yakanyorerwa semhuka dingindira sokunge ari kupfuura, unopfuura. Panguva iyoyowo, kuedza ava murombo chaizvo. Somuenzaniso, Alexander Kuprin Somuenzaniso "Strider" NdiTolstoy akasika nyaya "Emerald". hunhu Its chikuru chinhu stallion vane mufananidzo hakusi isina mupfungwa njere: Emerald anogona kurota.

Pakati Vanyori vakanyora nyaya nemhuka munguva Soviet, rinogona kuzivikanwa Michael Prishvina, Konstantina Paustovskogo, Victor Astafieva. Zvapedzisira basa chokuita pfungwa uye manyorero mirayiridzo "musha prose", iro vaibata kusanganisira zvezvakatipoteredza, kuti conceptualize kunzvimbo murume munyika, pezvakasikwa.

Modern vanyori nemabasa nezvemhuka

Mabhuku kwacho Russia mumakumi emakore achangopfuura achiperekedzwa mbirikira, achibvisa kusenza kurambidzwa. Izvi vasingagoni asi kukanganisa semhuka mabhuku. Modern vanyori nemabasa mhuka (semuenzaniso, L. Petrushevskaya) rakashandiswa bestiarnye mifananidzo kwete chete senzira zvinofananidzira, asika mumadimikira, kureva magariro uye nhoroondo chaizvoizvo, asi sezvo nezviito zvake mutambi wacho kunyimwa chimwe kufanana nevanhu.