Ganglia - chii uye zvavari ine?

Ganglia (zvimwe - ganglia) - kuva masero anokosha. It ine muviri, dendrites uye axons. Ivowo, chokuita masero etsinga. Uyewo ganglia zvinosanganisira nokutsigira masero glial. Basa ravo kuumba vanotsigira Tutsinga tunofambisa mashoko utwu. Kazhinji, etsinga ganglia akafukidzwa connective tishu. namasumbu izvi zvinowanika kwete chete vertebrates, asiwo vamwe invertebrates. Interconnected ganglia kubereka yakaoma STRUCTURAL hurongwa. Muenzaniso angava chiketani chimiro kana knitting. Uyezve, nyaya chichange zvinotsanangurwa zvizere chii ganglia sezvo kudyidzana kunoitika pakati pavo. Mukuwedzera, kupatsanura uye tsananguro huru kwemarudzi uchaderedzwa.

vertebrates

Ganglia zviripo vanhu ava vane zvimwe chaidzo zvinhu. Saka havaiti kuwira mukati epfungwa. Vamwe kwavari basal ganglia. Zvisinei, chinonyanya zvakarurama izwi iri kuonekwa "chinoumba". Tsinga zvinoriumba uye kuti vanoumba, ndivo unobatanidza zvinhu pakati zvakamisa hurongwa tsinga. pulses aya akapfuura uye chidhiraivho nokushanda zvimwe zvomukati.

kupatsanura

ganglia All akakamurwa marudzi anoverengeka. Funga zvinokosha. Shoko rokuti "musana ganglion" rinobatanidza kutsinga dzinouya (afferent) zvinhu. The mhando yechipiri - self contained zvinhu. Ivo yakarongwa dzazvinogara (autonomic) tsinga. The chikuru maonero - basal. zvinoriumba dzavo ndidzo Neural nodes vari chena nyaya. Zvinonzi zviri muuropi. Basa Tutsinga tunofambisa mashoko utwu ndiko waidzora zvimwe muviri mashandiro, uyewo kubatsirwa Implementation pamusoro huta kwendangariro. Panewo vegetative mhando. Rinomirira rimwe raiva pedyo nebundu tsinga. chaikosha Izvi zvinoreva autonomic tsinga. nodes izvi kumhanya pedyo nomuzongoza. Autonomic ganglia kwazvo duku. saizi kwavo kungava isingasviki millimeter, uye mukuru kuenderana pizi. The chinhu pamusoro autonomic ganglia ndiwo murau kushanda zvomukati uye kurova kwemwoyo kuparadzira.

Enzanisa rokuti "plexus"

Mabhuku kakawanda rokuti "plexus". Rinogona kutorwa kureva shoko "ganglion". Zvisinei plexus inonzi chaicho ganglia. Ivo varipo mune imwe mari pamusoro namahwindo nzvimbo. A ganglion - Joint nharaunda synaptic vokukurukura.

tsinga

Nemaonero yakaitwa vari vaviri ayo mhando. Chokutanga anonzi musimboti tsinga. Izvi zvinosanganisira uropi uye musana. Chechipiri mhando ndiyo chine nodes, tsinga harinzwi uye tsinga pachavo. kunzwisisa uku kunonzi peripheral tsinga.

Tsinga ndinoumba Neural chubhu uye ganglion ndiro. Pakazosvika chikamu dehenya wokutanga zvinosanganisira uropi kubvira kutsinga dzinouya nhengo kusvika hunde nharaunda - the musana. Ganglion ndiro anoumba musana, autonomic zvinoriumba uye chromaffin tishu. Huta zvinyama chiripo somunhu rokuti wegadziriro yedare nhengo pezvakaitwa muviri.

tsananguro

Ganglia - yesangano masero etsinga mhiri miganhu epfungwa. Pane vegetative uye anenge marudzi. The yokupedzisira iri pedyo Midzi musana uye cranial tsinga. Maumbirwe musana chikwata afanane chokurukisa. Ari takapoteredzwa goko pamusoro connective tishu. Rinotaurawo anopinda raiva pedyo nebundu pacharo, apo akabata mudziyo ropa. The masero etsinga musana peungano, inopenya uye guru kukura, asi nuclei vari nyore distinguishable. Tutsinga tunofambisa mashoko utwu kuumba mapoka. The zvinoumba ari musana centre raiva pedyo nebundu muri pezvakaitwa masero etsinga uye interlayer endoneurium. Pezvakaitwa dendrites kutanga-vasanonoka mapazi ari pasi musana tsinga, uye misa pabindu peripheral, apo vari receptors. It zvinowanzoitika ndiye Kushandurwa nedambudziko Tutsinga tunofambisa mashoko utwu mu psevdounipolyarnye. Izvi zvinoitika panguva kuibvisa yavo. Kubva psevdounipolyarnogo dzouropi kubva muitiro, entwine sero. Iye delimited ne afferent, hunonziwo "dendritic" uye efferent, kana - axonal, chikamu.

Dendrites uye axons

zvivako aya zvinenge zvakazara myelin mumuhara, zvinoriumba zviri neyrolemmotsity. Masero etsinga pamusoro musana gungano oligodendroglial masero zvinovakomberedza rine mazita akadai glia masero nejasi, yavaibvisa glia masero uye kuongorora masero. zvinhu izvi zviri chaizvo duku reraundi nuclei. Mukuwedzera, goko unopoteredza masero aya kubva connective tishu Kamudzira. yenhengo dzayo dzakasiyana nedzimwe denderedzwa nuclei. Biology vanoshingaira yomuchipatara huri mumasero tsinga pamusoro musana nzvimbo, acetylcholine, glutamic acid, P. zvakanyanya zvinhu

Vegetative kana standalone mamiriro

Zvionera ganglia dziri munzvimbo dzakasiyana. Chokutanga, pedyo nomuzongoza (pane paravertebral hurongwa). Chechipiri, pamberi nomuzongoza (prevertebral). Uyezve, mira-oga dzakabatana uye dzimwe nguva inowanikwa masvingo nhengo. Somuenzaniso, mwoyo, principales uye dundira. ganglia izvi zvinonzi intramural. Rumwe rudzi pedyo pechiso nhengo. With zvionera masangano chokuita preganglionic tsinga fibers. Vane zvinoshandiswa musimboti tsinga Tutsinga tunofambisa mashoko utwu. Vegetative masumbu vari rakakamurwa mhando vaviri tsitsi uye parasympathetic. Anenge zvose nhengo vanogamuchira postganglionic fibers yaigadzirwa masero kuti chinogona kuvapo zvose mhando vegetative hurongwa. Asi matambudziko kuti Tutsinga tunofambisa mashoko utwu akasiyana zvichienderana norudzi masumbu. Saka tsitsi chiito anogona kusimbisa mwoyo, ukuwo parasympathetic DZEMUNHU DZINODZORA izvozvo.

mamiriro

Pasinei norudzi zvionera raiva pedyo nebundu mamiriro ndiye anenge zvakafanana. mamiriro neimwe anofukidza connective tishu mumuhara. The vegetative nodes, pane Tutsinga tunofambisa mashoko utwu chaiyo inonzi "multipolar". Vari kusiyaniswa kujairika chimiro, uye nzvimbo yacho musimboti. Pane Tutsinga tunofambisa mashoko utwu multiple cores uye masero ane zvakawedzera nhamba okutodza. masero Neural vavo pezvakaitwa encapsulated, zvinoumba inova Satellite glial masero. Dzinonzi nejasi glial. On pamusoro rukoko pamusoro goko Kamudzira akapoteredzwa connective tishu.

intramural mamiriro

Tutsinga tunofambisa mashoko utwu izvi pamwe conductive nzira inogona metasympathetic chikamu autonomic tsinga. Maererano histologist Dogel pakati intramural marudzi zvivako Munokudzwa mhando nhatu masero. Aimbova zvinosanganisira dlinnoaksonnye efferent zvinhu I kutaipa. masero ava Tutsinga tunofambisa mashoko utwu guru vane dendrites refu uye pfupi axon. For ravnootroschatyh afferent zvinoriumba tsinga kunoratidzwa refu uye dendrites uye axon. A associative Tutsinga tunofambisa mashoko utwu interconnected masero vaviri marudzi wokutanga.

The peripheral maitiro

Basa manzwiro kupa kutaurirana kuti musana etsinga nzvimbo uropi uye tsinga ezvirevo. Zvemamiriro ezvinhu anosangana pachishandiswa connective tishu. Tsinga nzvimbo - ndiyo nzvimbo anokonzera processing ruzivo. Anenge zvose hurongwa vaiona ine zvose afferent fibers, uye efferent. Set of fibers, izvo, chaizvoizvo, tsinga, anogona ane kwete zvivako kuti vanodzivirirwa ane electrically insulating myelin mumuhara. Ndivo varipo uye vaya "kufukidza" akadaro haana. Uyezve, tsinga internet rukoko dzakaparadzaniswa connective tishu. Zvinonzi kuzivikanwa nokuda looseness uye fibrous. Zita iri rukoko endoneurium. Rine shoma masero, chikuru chikamu reticular fibers vanoumba collagen. In zvinyama ichi zvidiki ndiro ropa. Vamwe matanda tsinga fibers runopoteredza imwe paiva connective zvinyama - perineurium. yenhengo dzayo dziri successively vakaronga masero uye collagen fibers. Kamudzira, rakafukidza yose etsinga hunde (anonzi epineurium) aumba kubva connective tishu. Iyewo, vafumiswa fibroblasts masero, macrophages uye mafuta zvinoriumba. Rine midziyo ropa kubva tsinga harinzwi.