General anesthesia - chii ichocho? Mhando dzeaneshesia. Zvinodhaka zve anesthesia

Jenesi anesthesia, inowanzozivikanwa se "general anesthesia," inoita basa rinokosha rerapa - anesthesia panguva yokuvhiyiwa. Iko kuburikidza neanesthesia iyo murwere asina kurwadziwa anoshandisa chirwere chinowedzera hupenyu hwake.

General anesthesia. Chii, uye chinangwa chekushandisa kwayo

Pakati payo, anesthesia ibotsi rakanyanyisa, izvo zvinokonzerwa nechirwere chinodhaka. Neine zvinhu zvayo, kurota kwakadaro kwakafanana zvikuru neyezvinyorwa.

Pamarudzi akawanda eesesthesia, general anesthesia imwe yezvinonyanya kuoma. Kuenzaniswa nedzimwe mhando dzeaneshesia, hukuru anesthesia ine musiyano mukuru wekutanga: iyo inoshandiswa, kwete chete nhengo dzinotemwa, asi hutano hwemurwere hunodzimwa.

Nekushandiswa kweaneshehesia yakawanda, analgesia, amnesia nekuzorodza kunopiwa. Munguva yenguva yakawanda anesthesia, murwere anodzosera misi yose yemuviri, zvakare, haanzwi kurwadziwa uye haakanganwi kushanda kwebasa racho.

Muchiitiko ichi, zvose zvinonzwika, zvakadai sekurwadziwa, kutonhora uye nezvimwe zvakawanda, zvinodzimwa.

Iko ndiko kuti, basa guru revanhu vakawanda aneshesia ndiyo kuiswa kwevanhu mune imwe nyika yavasingakwanisi kufamba nayo, kupindira kunopindira kwechirembachire uye kugamuchira chero manzwiro kubva mubasa racho.

Mhando dzeaneshesia

Jenesi anesthesia yakakamurwa kuva mhando 3, zvichienderana nemugwagwa wekutungamirira kweanesthetics (anesthetics). Anesthetics inogona kujowa mumuviri wevarwere nekuputika (nekubatsirwa kwechifukidziro chemaziso), intravenously (uchishandisa catheter), uye nzira yakabatana.

Kana nguva shomanana (kusvika pamaminitsi makumi matatu) ichiitwa, hapana ngozi yokuti gastric contents inopinda mumapapu (aspiration), apo murwere anoramba achifemerwa, imwe yezviyo inopa hutachiona hunodiwa. Muchiitiko ichi, unogona kushandisa mhando dzakadai dzeanesthesia, se mask or intravenous.

Muchiitiko chekuti panguva yeanesthesia murwere ane dambudziko rekufemerwa kana njodzi yekuda, anesthesiologist anoshandisa chigadzirwa chakakosha chinopa hutachiona hwemhepo uye inodzivirira mapapu kubva kune aspiration. Mune mamiriro ezvinhu, general anesthesia ine zita - intubation. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, zvinodhaka zvinogona kuvharwa mumuviri wemurwere sezvinoputika, mukati, kana pamwe.

Anowedhesia yakawanda sei

Pasinei nenzira yakasarudzwa yehutungamiri, anesthetist anoita nenzira imwe chete. Iye kana mubatsiri wake punctures mhepo yepakati, yakadai sendimu kana ruoko, uye inoisa patheti yeplastiki (yakadai se "butterfly" kana "vasophix") mairi. Zvadaro chiremba anosvika pane chimwe chikamu kune imwe muoko, iyo inocherechedza kufema kwomurwere. Mushure meizvozvo, anesthesiologist inoisa fudzi rake pfupa rinokosha, iyo inoderedza kushanda kweropa, uye inonamatira kumapfupa emagetsi anokonzera, nekuda kwekuti anotevera sei moyo wevarwere. Mushure mekubatanidza zvose zvinodiwa, unogona kutanga kupinda aneshehesia yakawanda.

Chii ichocho? Sei tichida iyi cardio-kupumirisa kutarisa? Nenzira, kuitira kuti varambe vachiongorora basa rekufema uye yehutano hwemagetsi, nguva dzose vachicherechedza mamiriro emurwere.

Kana mushure mokuzorora zvakakwana kwemoyo uye kupfurikidza kwemapiritsi zvinosvinudzwa, catheter inowanikwa, iyo inobvumira kuwana mishonga, uye zvinodhaka zvinenge zvichinyorwa kuva sirinesi, anesthetist anotanga kurwisa muviri nemhando yakasiyana yeaneshesia.

Ingani inobva kune anesthesia yakawanda

Hazvisi nyore kutaura kuti mutana angakwanise kubvisa aneshesia kwenguva yakadini. Zvose zvinoenderana nemamwe mapepa, semuenzaniso, rudzi uye nguva yekushanda, rudzi uye kuyerwa kweanesthesia, uye zvimwe zviratidzo zvakasiyana.

Kumuka kubva kune anesthesia dzimwe nguva kunotora maminetsi anoverengeka, uye dzimwe nguva maawa akawanda. Chaizvoizvo, mushure mokunge basa racho rapera, chiremba anomutsa murwere achiri muchigarire, asi murwere anouya pakuziva pashure pekanguva.

Mishonga yevanhu vakawanda anesthesia

Sarudza zvinodhaka zveanesthesia, zvichienderana nemanzwiro ayo anesthetic achapinda mumuviri. Kana imwe nzira inhalation inoshandiswa uye murwere anokonzera vaporo kana gasi kuburikidza ne tube intubation kana maski chaiwo, kugadzirira zvakadai sa diethyl ether , diazotide oxide, isoflurane, enflurane kana fluorotane inogona kushandiswa.

Nzira dzisiri dzisina kuvhiringidza dzinogona kunge dzisingatauri, hutachiona, humuviri kana muromo. Nevana vehutachiwana anesthesia, nzira dzekupedzisira zvitatu dzinoshandiswa.

Zvisiri-inhaling anesthetics zvinogona kusanganisira zvirongwa zvakadai sePropofol, Altezin, Propanidide, Ketamine, Viadryl, sodium butbutyrate, uye mabhakitiriri akasiyana-siyana, somuenzaniso sodium thiopental kana Hexenal.

Ipi mishonga inogona kupiwa kune mumwe murwere inogona kujekeswa nemunhu anesesthetist achasarudza mishonga, achiita aneshehesia yakawanda. "Ndeipi, nguva yakawanda ichashandiswa pakugadziriswa, uye nemigumisiro ipi yemigumisiro yemishonga" - mibvunzo yose iyi iwe unogona, pasina kushamisika, bvunza chiremba uyo anosungirwa kupindura.

Zvakaipa zvinokonzerwa neinesthesia

Zvechokwadi, huwandu hweanesthesia hahupfuuri pasina ruvara, runosiya zvose zvinokonzera uye mamwe mararamiro. Gara anesthesia panguva yekuvhiyiwa zvinoshandiswa mushure mekushandisa kwayo zviratidzo zvakadai se:

- musoro nemusana;

- kushushikana uye kurutsa;

- kuchera kwekufunga;

Kukanganisa kwekuziva;

- hallucinations;

- kuvhiringidza kurara;

- kurwadziwa kwechisimba;

- kupera kwemakumbo;

- chills;

- itching;

- kutadza kutaura mutauro;

- Kunzwa kuora mwoyo;

- Mutsipa.

Zviratidzo zvakadaro zvinoenderera mberi chero bedzi munhu akabva kune anesthesia, kazhinji migumisiro isingafadzi inogona kuonekwa kwemazuva maviri.

Mimwe migumisiro yeanesthesia

Uyewo, mushure mokunge anesthesia, zvimwe zvinetso kana kuti zvinokonzerwa nemagetsi zvinogona kuonekwa . Kubva kune rumwe rutivi rwehutano hwemwoyo, kusungwa kwemoyo kunogona kuitika. Kubva pakugadzirisa mafungiro - chirwere chepermonary kana kupererwa nekupora. Kubva kune rumwe rutivi rwenheyo - mune dzimwe nzvimbo kukanganisa kunzwisisika.

Chinhu chikuru, pazvinoitika kune chero zvisiri zviratidzo zvakajeka munguva yekutaura kunechiremba anouya. Izvi zvichatibatsira kudzivisa zvakakomba zviitiko zvinotevera uye kuti uwane nokukurumidza.

Kazhinji varwere vanotya chete izwi rokuti "general anesthesia". Zvazviri - iwe wakatoziva, anesthesia haisi chinhu chinotyisa, inongova chiito chekubatsiri panguva yekushanda, uye nekushandisa kwayo yakakodzera zvinokuvadza kubva kune anesthesia hazvikwanisi, zvinogona kusimbiswa nemumwe anesthesiologist.