The guru kwokuputsika muna USSR: nhoroondo, description, uye mazita nhamba. Mumwe mukadzi akapona ikatsva muna USSR

Air abondera zviitike tichishandisa Kazhinji asi mumwe nomumwe wavo neimwe nzira kukanganisa vanhu. Izvi hazvishamisi, nokuti maari mune hapana nguva akauraya dzakawanda uye mazana evanhu. Panyaya iyi, yakanga isina Kusara uye Soviet Union. Ngatimboonai guru kwokuputsika muna USSR, avo akazara uye nhamba yevanhu vakaurayiwa.

mazita njodzi

ndege vangani tsaona dziri USSR? Kana kufunga kunyange chiduku, pasina kukudyira nezvibayiro, nhamba yavo yakakura kwazvo, uye hazvingaiti kuita incalculable. Tichakurukura zvikuru nomukurumbira uye pakukura aparara. List kuti ndege abondera muSoviet Union riri sezvinotevera:

• njodzi pana Tiflis (1925);
• kwokuputsika panguva Central Aerodrome muMoscow (1935);
• rufu Air Force murayiro muna Sverdlovsk (1950);
• ikatsva muna Vurnarsky District (1958);
• njodzi pedyo Krasnoyarsk (1962);
• tsaona mu Sverdlovsk (1967);
• kudhumhana ndege pamusoro Kaluga Region (1969);
• njodzi iri Svetlogorsk (1972);
• kuparara muna Kharkov munharaunda (1972);
• ikatsva muna Nerskaya River Lake (1972);
• Tsaona pa Leningrad (1974);
• rufu "Pakhtakor" chikwata (1979);
• kurwisana pamusoro Zavitinsk (1981);
• njodzi panhandare yendege Omsk (1984);
• kwokuputsika Lviv (1985);
• njodzi pedyo Uchkuduk (1985);
• njodzi iri yendege Kurumoch (1986);
• tsaona mu Irkutsk munharaunda (1989).

Pane zvakarongwa harisi chete kupfuura aparara kwenhamba vanobatwa, asi ndiyewo resonant. Chokwadi, nhamba ndege abondera muSoviet Union yakanga yakawanda, asi isu ichanyanya kukurukura pamusoro matambudziko chete.

The njodzi rokutanga

The guru njodzi iri USSR rinovhura kwokuputsika mutakurwi ndege Junkers F 13, kwakaitika panguva Tiflis muna Georgia muna 1925. Zviri pano kuti unogona kutanga kuverenga avhiyesheni matambudziko muSoviet mamiriro.

Izvi akatevera kutiza vokuGeorgia guru Sukhum. On bhodhi ndege akanga nhengo mbiri vashandi uye zvitatu vakatakurwa, ichibhururuka pamusoro basa rehurumende. Mushure maminitsi 15 pashure yasimuka Junkers F 13 moto pakarepo kubatwa. Vaviri vatakurwi akaita apererwa munogodorerei, asi akawira rufu rwake. The vamwe vakaurayiwa kuputika muna kudhumhana iri ndege pamwe pasi.

chikonzero yakarurama moto saka kuisa uye akakundikana, asi, maererano imwe shanduro, zvakaitika nokuti kuti mumwe vatakurwi vakakanda vira machisi pasi.

Chokwadi, ndeyokuti chiitiko nhamba vanobatwa zviri zvikuru muduku njodzi avo, izvo tichakurukura gare gare, asi zvisinei ndiwo ichi ndege kuparara anganzi wokutanga muSoviet Union.

Njodzi panguva Moscow yendege

The guru kwokuputsika muna USSR mberi nenjodzi yakaitika May 1935 mune chirwere nzvimbo Moscow, yaiva mumusha Sokol. Panguva iyoyo mutyairi Nikolay Balagin, akatakura pamusoro pake murwi ndege airliner ndokunobondera svosve-20 "Bamba Gorky". Kunze pachake, vanhu 11 vakafa kubva chikwata vashandi kuti mutakurwi ndege uye 38 varimo. Kunyange zvazvo pane dzimwe nzira Data kuti vakatakurwa akanga 50. Nokudaro, uwandu vanobatwa ranged kubva 49 kusvika 62 vanhu.

The mutongo kuferefeta rakanga unequivocal - mutyairi wendege kukanganisa.

Rufu BBC chikwata

Kukurukura ikatsva kuRussia uye USSR, munhu haagoni kukanganwa pamusoro pokufa Air Force Hockey Chikwata vatambi pakutanga January 1950, dzichibhururuka kubva Moscow kuChelyabinsk musangano pamwe chikwata yeko. Ndege kwakaitika imwe mamiriro asi rinorema ekunze, kuti aiva mumwe zvinokonzera njodzi. Chimwe chinokonzera matambudziko musangano akadana dispatcher basa, kunyanya kusuwa kumhara "avo" ndege, uye Li-2, iyo nendege kuti Air Force chikwata, vagara mudenga, vakamirira mvumo kunyika.

Nokudaro, nokuongorora abondera muna USSR kukasawedzerwa nomumwe namapfumbamwe vakatambudzwa, izvo 8 vaiva vashandi nhengo uye 11 - vatambi muchikwata.

Derailment Vurnarsky District

Kufanana nevamwe guru mhepo ikatsva muRussia uye iri USSR dambudziko iri Vurnarsky District vachashuva kuramba ndangariro vanhu, kunyanya hama vafirwa. Zvino pedyo nomusha Bulatov Chuvashkoy ASSR muna October 1958.

Tu-104A akanga akatakura nhume pakati Chinese bato vatungamiriri Omsk kuMoscow, asi pfungwa yokusvika nokuda zvakaipa mamiriro okunze ari vashandi pamusoro airliner akarambidzwa chebhodho. Mamiriro ezvinhu akafanana wakadzokororwa Gorky. Naizvozvo, vashandi vemo yakasarudza nendege Sverdlovsk. Asi Chisarudzo ichi akagovera kuchinja chokwadi. Patinoita rinoshamisa iri rakaoma, ndege yakanga yakasimba mhepo sorukova, ndokusaka apinda svetuka, uye kuti ndiye anokonzera kudhumhana pamwe pasi.

Somugumisiro, kwokuputsika akauraya pfumbamwe vashandi nhengo uye 71 varimo.

Dambudziko pedo Krasnoyarsk

Ichokwadi zvose zvakaitika mutsaona yendege muRussia uye iri USSR - chinhu chakaipa kwazvo, asi pakati zororo zvinogona kuoneka dambudziko Krasnoyarsk muna June 1962. Zvaisiyana vamwe kuti chikonzero haana mutyairi kukanganisa kana maneja, kwete atadze kushanda zvakanaka pamusoro ndege, uye mamiriro ekunze, uye ane Anti-ndege chombo yakarova gadza.

Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti mhaka kwokuputsika ari Tu-104 akanga dzichibhururuka kubva Irkutsk kuna Omsk, yakaramba isingazivikanwi. kana chete kuongorora zvikamu ndege panguva kwokuputsika nzvimbo akakwanisa kuona kuvadza fuselage ganda. Zvino gomba rakanga kubva kunze. Chete gare gare zvikazooneka kuti pedyo yaiitwa muviri kwechiuto, uye nokuda mamiriro akaipa ekunze ndechimwe Anti-ndege missiles've vakarasikirwa chinangwa chavo chepakutanga uye kuti refocus pamusoro Tu-104.

Mugumisiro tsaona ichi chaiva rufu nhengo vashandi sere uye 76 varimo. Sezvo nhamba yevanhu haana kusvikira yakakura kudaro kwokuputsika muna USSR.

Ikatsva muna Sverdlovsk

Chimwe chinyorwa inosuruvarisa chakagadzwa 1967 pedyo Sverdlovsk, apo yakadonha airliner Il-18. In kwokuputsika akauraya 99 vanhu uye 8 nhengo vashandi munhu. Uye zvakare, zvose kwokuputsika iri USSR, izvo zvakaitika kare vaisagona kunowirirana nhamba yokusagadzikana kubva ichi.

Mhaka nenhamo uye akatadza kumisa yakavimbika. Ndege panguva kumhanya yakadonha muvhu, zvichiguma ipazwe zhinji zvimedu. Zvisinei, pakanga akaisa mberi shanduro michina atadze kushanda zvakanaka.

Nokukuvadzwa ari Kaluga Region

Chokwadi, kureva guru kwokuputsika kuRussia uye Soviet Union, haagoni vangosiyiwa pokuwa mumwe Yukhnov muna 1969. Pashure pezvose, ndiwo pamwero mukuru njodzi muSoviet Union, zvichienderana neuwandu vakaurayiwa avo kuti kwakaitika somugumisiro wacho kudhumhana ndege mbiri. Uyezve, kwaiva pokuwa kupfuura vakakurumbira Kaluga mudunhu.

The tsaona yakaitika somugumisiro wacho kudhumhana airliner Il-14M uye uto chokufambisa ndege An-12BP. Mugumisiro ichi chiitiko chinorwadza chaiva rufu vanhu 24 mundege imwe mufambi uye 96 vanhu akwira ndege rechiuto. Kusanganisira akauraya 5 nhengo vashandi zvose mhepo nemotokari.

Mhaka tsaona zvakazivikanwa nevanhu ngoro kutyora parameters zvakafanorongwa kukwirira.

Dambudziko iri Svetlogorsk

Zvimwewo avhiyesheni tsaona yakaitika Soviet Union, zvinoratidza dambudziko 1972 muguta Svetlogorsk, Kaliningrad nharaunda. Ndipo apo rechiuto chokufambisa ndege An-24T, akaita akaronga rakatenderedzwa yakadonha. Dambudziko chiitiko ichi ndechokuti vari kuwa ndege akawira pamusoro kukireshi. Somugumisiro, vakarasikirwa kwete chete dzose 8 nhengo rikarira asi vashandi matatu kuenda kukireshi masangano nevana 24. Uwandu vakaurayiwa rakanga vanhu 34.

Nepo izvi zvinorwadza chiitiko zviremera vakaedza kuvanza, asi, zvakadaro, chiitiko unokosha ichi vasingagoni kuitwa pachena. Kuferefeta akanga kuitwa pakavanda, uye migumisiro vakaitwa pachena chete muna 2010, kureva pashure pokuwa yeSoviet. Maererano nomushumo, mhaka tsaona yakanga varombo chokudzidzisa vezvikepe. Asi kwete mutadzi nyaya chete maererano chiitiko uye haana akazaruka, kunyange zvazvo vakanga kubviswa zvavo namagwatidziro gumi nevaviri shoma nechinzvimbo chepamusoro vechiuto.

Kwakapiwa kuti mhaka nenjodzi rakava uto ndege, ipapo chiitiko ichi inogona akanyorwa rechiuto ikatsva muna USSR.

Njodzi iri Kharkiv nharaunda

Imwe Njodzi kukuru yakaitika muna 1972 muna Kharkiv nharaunda pedyo nomusha Russian Lozova. Zvaiva imomo kuti yakadonha mutakurwi ndege An-10, ichibhururuka pamusoro nzira Moscow - Kharkiv. Migumisiro kwokuputsika vaibudirira zvaisiririsa - vanhu 122 vakaurayiwa, iyo - 7 rakarira nhengo.

Kuferefeta yakasimbiswa kuti mhaka tsaona akatanga hwokugadzira zvinokanganiswa ndege mamiriro. Naizvozvo nokukurumidza airliners An-10 akanga wakasuduruka basa.

Ikatsva pedyo Moscow

Imwe Njodzi huru, iyo yakaitika chete 1972, aiva pokuwa IL-62, akanga achifamba kubva Paris kuMoscow, kubva Nerskaya River Lake apo tasvika kumagumo achitandadza kutiza kwenyu. Mugumisiro tsaona ichi chaiva rufu 164 vanhu uye 10 rikarira nhengo. Panguva iyoyo yaiva kupfuura chinzvimbo mhepo mutsaona, kwakaitika pamusoro munharaunda Russia. Panguva iyoyo, nhamba yevakafa aigona kupfuura naye chete dambudziko iri Omsk muna 1984.

Kuferefeta haana kuzarura chaiyo chikonzero kwokuputsika, asi mumwe mukuru neshanduro runoonekwa kuti kururama altimeter marongero.

Pokuwa Leningrad

Statistics ndege abondera muna USSR uye Russia kwaizova kukwana pasina kudoma pokuwa airliner Il-18b muna Leningrad muna 1974. Nenzira, yava kupfuura avhiyesheni njodzi, iyo yakaitika pedyo yechipiri pakukura guta muSoviet Union.

Ndege kuenda ndege Leningrad - Zaporozhye, uye chete vakabva kwenyu kuenda pfungwa sezvaakaita vanogumurwa vakasimudza injini. Vashandi vemo vakaedza kudzokera nendege kune yendege, asi moto chete kwakawedzera apo achiwana, asi vezvikepe akatadza kudzora uye ndege yakadonha. Chikonzero tsaona atadze kushanda zvakanaka injini ainzi. Panguva iyoyowo, zviito kwounyanzvi taita kuti vezvikepe zvakacherechedzwa kuti akaita chaizvo maererano nemirayiridzo uye takaita zvose zvinogoneka kudzivisa njodzi.

Somugumisiro njodzi vakauraya 102 vanhu uye 7 rikarira nhengo. Uwandu vanobatwa vakaverenga vanhu 109.

Pokufa bhora chikwata "Pakhtakor"

Chero kwokuputsika kunokonzera wandei mhinduro, asi kunyanya excites veruzhinji, kana vakauraya nomukurumbira vanhu, vanodhirowa mifananidzo, vatambi. Zvino muna 1979, apo somuuyo ari kudhumhana mbiri Tu-134 musi Dneprodzerzhinsk akauraya zvinenge nhengo dzose bhora chikwata of USSR Major League "Pakhtakor" Tashkent. Asi kunyange pasina izvi kwakanga kusiri chete kwokuputsika muna USSR, zvakadai zvizhinji maererano nokuwanda vakaurayiwa. Somugumisiro tsaona ichi akauraya anokwana vanhu 178 zvose ndege, kusanganisira 17 "Pakhtakor" Chikwata vatambi uye 13 nhengo ndege rakarira. Hapana pokuwa munhoroondo Soviet Union haana kuona vakawanda vanobatwa yakadaro. Mukuwedzera, njodzi vachiri rakava wechipiri munyika iri nhamba vaurayiwa kudhumhana pamusoro airliners maviri.

Maererano zvakawanwa pamutemo kuferefeta, mhosva yakadaro pamwero mukuru nenjodzi vakava Manager mhosva.

murarami

Chokwadi, kudhumhana mbiri ndege pamusoro Zavitinsk muna 1981 angangotadza kuiswa pamusoro pamazita: ". Kudeuka kwokuputsika USSR" Hazvina zvinoshamisa zvakasiyana. Rinobatanidzwa chiitiko ichi chete vose vatakurwi mukadzi, akapona ikatsva muna USSR. Kuti iye akaita dambudziko iri aizivikanwa yose.

Larissa Savitskaya, kureva atumidzwa akapona ikatsva muna USSR, nomurume akadzoka kubva tichangobva kuchata nomutauro wake Blagoveshchensk pamusoro An-24 ndege. Njodzi yacho yakaitika panguva imwe kukwira kupfuura 5,000 metres, kana airliner yakabonderana rechiuto ndege Tu-16. Zvadaro, mukuru wemauto mhaka tsaona uchanzi kusawirirana vehurumende uye vemauto masimba mabasa.

Panguva kudhumhana Savitskaya ndege ndivete, asi iye akamuka kubva simba kuvhunduka uye anopisira nechando nokuda depressurization yakakomberedzwa. Part of ndege, apo mukadzi aiva akapona mutsaona yendege iri USSR, vakawira munyika Birch kuti vamwe nzira rungai kuwa. Uyezve, akanga rombo kuti iye aingova muchikamu muswe ari ndege, mudukusa sei mutsaona.

Zvisinei, nokuda kuwa Larissa Savitskaya akagamuchira wakaomarara chipaparadzungu, varasikirwa zvose meno ake, vakasimuka mamwe makuvaro musana uye mitswe maoko nemakumbo uye mbabvu, asi zvakadaro akanga achiri mupenyu uye akanga kunyange kukwanisa kufamba. Asi sezvo kuwa nzvimbo yacho ndege rakanyatsojeka kure vakawanda munzvimbo, ipapo Larissa vanunuri vakawana chete mumazuva maviri.

Saka, ndiko - chete akapona mutsaona. Muna USSR ichi kudhumhana mashoko kwenguva yakareba vakavanda. Larisa Savitskaya akava nomukurumbira munyika yose muna 2000, apo vose mashoko ose chiitiko vakanga amuudza chete.

Pakanga nyaya imwe chete saizvozvi. Muna 1972, mumwe murume akanunurwa mushure kudonha kubva yakakwirira kupfuura 10 000 metres, pashure kuputika ndege. Kuti murume aiva reYugoslavia Vesna Vulovic - mutariri, vakapukunyuka kuputsika. Kana nyaya USSR pamwe Savitskaya, kudonha kubva yakakwirira kwazvo 5000 metres, havana kuziva nyaya dzakadaro. Mukadzi uyu akanga chete mumwe 38 vanhu mune ndege mbiri, iyo akakwanisa kurarama mu kuputsika musi Zavitinsk.

Dambudziko iri Omsk

Dambudziko, iyo yakaitika muna Omsk yendege muna 1984, ane nhamba mashoko kusiyanisa kubva nhamba zviitiko zvakadaro. Chii haana kutora nzvimbo mudenga uye pasi, ndizvo pachena kuchiitwa ichi ikatsva. Mune USSR, zvakaitika kakawanda. Mukuwedzera, nhamba vakaurayiwa tsaona iyi ndeyokuti avo kwakaitika munharaunda Russia.

The kudhumhana airliner Tu-154 kumhara, pamwe michina chando, achiuraya 169 mubhazi uye 4 nhengo rikarira. Mumwe mutakurwi uye shanu rikarira nhengo vakapona.

The njodzi pedo Lviv

Kutaura nezvemabasa makuru ikatsva of USSR, tinofanira kutaura dambudziko 1985 munharaunda yeLviv, Ukraine. Pashure penjodzi pana Kharkov uye Dneprodzerzhinsk raiva guru-pamwero ndege kwokuputsika pamusoro uwandu yokusagadzikana kwakaitika munharaunda zvokuvhoterwa yeSoviet.

Mhaka tsaona yakanga kudhumhana kweuto chokufambisa ndege An-26 uye Tu-134A ndege, akanga dzichibhururuka kubva Tallinn kuChisinau pamwe befu muLviv. Somugumisiro chiitiko, izvo zvakaitika pedyo neguta Zolochiv yeLviv, richiuraya 79 vanhuwo vatakurwi ndege uye 9 - muchiuto, uyewo nhengo vashandi nhanhatu kubva ndege nerimwe. Pakanga pasina vapona, uye uwandu vawirwa vakasvika vanhu 94.

Somugumisiro kuferefeta zvakatanga kuti mhaka kwokuputsika kwaiva kukanganisa maneja.

Dambudziko pedo Uchkuduk

Sezvaunogona kuona, guru ikatsva muRussia uye USSR zvaitika kazhinji, asi chinonyanya kukosha vari nhamba yevanhu inofanira kukurukurwa sezvinoitwa pokuwa munhu Uchkuduk pamusoro munharaunda Uzbekistan. Izvi zvakaitika muna 1985, pakupedzisira nguva ariko Soviet Union. Kana tsaona muSoviet Union asina vazhinji vakafa vakadaro. Uwandu vanobatwa vakaverenga vanhu 200, izvo 191 vanhu uye 9 nhengo rikarira.

The mhaka tsaona ndechokuti panguva kutiza kubva Karshi kusvikira Leningrad vashandi vari airliner Tu-154 akatadza kudzora, zvichiguma ndege nehope kuruka vakawa. Maererano pamutemo shanduro kuferefeta, chikuru chikamu mhosva yezvakaitika kunobva kuna vezvikepe vakanga vakatsauka mureza zvinodiwa, kuwana kureba muganhu, uye ipapo kugona kutsungirira basa iri zvashata ezvinhu.

Akoromoke muna Kuibyshev

Chimwe chikuru njodzi pakuvira kwezuva Soviet Union yakanga ikatsva pakati Tu-134 panhandare yendege eguta Kuibyshev - Kurumoch. Dambudziko chiitiko ichi dzinowedzerwa ndechokuti zvakaitika nokuda kurega mutyairi mabasa ake. Iye nharo nhengo vashandi kuti vakwanise kuisa airliner tinongoita. kuedza ichi dzakaguma zvikuru. Criminal kuregeredza taita Aleksandra Klyueva yakauraya 70 upenyu wavarwi. It akapukunyuka vanhu 24 chete kubva 94 nhengo vashandi uye vanhu.

Mutyairi akapona uye akatongerwa makore 15 ari mujeri. Asi pashure iyi yave rakadzokororwa uye ne makore matanhatu ari mujeri.

The dambudziko iri Irkutsk nharaunda

Wokupedzisira guru avhiyesheni tsaona, kwakaitika pamusoro munharaunda USSR, anogona kunzi nenjodzi yakaitika muna 1989 muna Irkutsk mudunhu. Zvino kwaiva kudhumhana kuti mutakurwi ndege Yak-40 ichibhururuka kubva Irkutsk kuna Zheleznogorsk, rimwe uto neherikoputa Mi-8. Somugumisiro, kwokuputsika akauraya 33 vanhu mune ndege, uye 7 zvechiuto achibhururuka ari neherikoputa.

Kuferefeta yakaratidza kuti mhaka tsaona, sezvo chakaitika kanopfuura kamwe, akanga kushaya Kufambisa pakati dispatchers vehurumende uye vemauto avhiyesheni.

Rakanga yokupedzisira guru avhiyesheni ikatsva munyika kare panguva akatambura mukuru geopolitical dambudziko.

mhedziso

Chokwadi, zvose kwokuputsika kuRussia uye Soviet Union warwo zvinosuruvarisa, asi isu vakaedza omerera zvikuru kana resonance wavo. Asi, chokwadi, zvinhu sezvazviri azere mazita gumi nemasere njodzi haritauri, uye muverengi nomumwe anogona optionally kuwedzera ikatsva yakaitika Soviet Union, vari akaonekwa kuti akafanira ichi.

Panguva iyoyowo, hatifaniri kukanganwa kuti pasinei nokuti panguva iyoyo vagumirwe sezvo Soviet Union haako, kwokuputsika ndege mberi kutora upenyu vomunyika yedu. Ndangariro matambudziko nomumwe kwakadaro, zvisinei ayo saizi, vanofanira nguva dzose kurarama mumwoyo yevanhu.