Grossman, "Upenyu Fate": pfupiso uye kuongorora nemifananidzo magamba

Vasiliy Semenovich Grossman - munyori, kupfuura unyanzvi uye chokwadi ane basa yakabudiswa chete munguva nyungudika. A hondo dzomupepanhau , achigura Great Patriotic Hondo uye vakaona Stalingrad Battle. Kuti zviitiko izvi zvinoratidzwa basa rake Grossman. "Upenyu Fate" (pfupiso kwayo, uye ichava dingindira redu) - iri yokufungidzira, iyo yakava mugumo mufananidzo Soviet chokwadi.

Pamusoro nganonyorwa

Kubva 1950 kusvika 1959 akanyora paakaita yokufungidzira Vasiliy Semenovich Grossman. "Upenyu Fate" (Pfupiso chigadzirwa kuuya pazasi) rinopedzisa dilogy, iyo yakatanga basa "chikonzero", sezvo rakapera muna 1952. Uye kana mugove wokutanga zirokwazvo kufanira kupinda canons ose mugovanisi realism, ekupedzisira akawana yakasiyana inzwi - wakaridza nayo ruzha uye zvakajeka kutsoropodzwa Stalinism.

chinyorwa

Mune USSR, kuti yokufungidzira yakabudiswa muna 1988. Rakanga chokuita chokwadi kuti haana dzinoenderana bato mutsetse zvakasikwa Grossman akanyora. "Upenyu Fate" (mhinduro yokufungidzira pakutanga aisangova inotyisa uye ipa) vakaziva se "Anti-yeSoviet." Mushure Makopi zvose zvakatorwa neKGB.

Mushure zvinyorwa yave atendeuka, Grossman yakabvunzwa tsamba Nikite Sergeevichu Hruschevu aine chikumbiro kutsanangura chii chichaitika rake bhuku. Panzvimbo pakupindura munyori kunopinda Central Committee, iro rakazivisa kuti bhuku rirege kudhindwa.

Semyon Lipkin chete (mudetembi Soviet) akaramba chete kopi basa, iro rave kutorwa kwose kwemakore 70 uye, kuSwitzerland, rakabudiswa muna 1980.

Grossman, "Upenyu Fate": pfupiso

The mutana Mihail Mostovsky, dzechiKomonisiti, akabatwa pedyo Stalingrad. It muwisira wevasungwa West Germany. Sezvo vose, murume haafungi rutsigiro: anovenga ake Menshevik Tchernetsov, pane nharo Ikonnikov-Tolstoyan, kumanikidza yakawandisa uri akapoteredza Major Yershov.

In Stalingrad anouya Krymov. Iye - mushandi enyika uye anofanira kusarudza gakava mumiririri uye mutungamiri Infantry chemazana chehondo. Patakasvika, zvinoitika kuti zvose nharo vakafa, uye usiku Krymov pachake kumanikidzwa kupinda muhondo.

The chiito vakatamira Kazan. Pane musayendisiti ari kubvisa Victor Shtrum nemhuri yake. Mukadzi wake Lyudmila moyo pamusoro mwanakomana wake kubva kumuchato yake yokutanga - pamusoro Tole, uyo zvino hondo. Rinotaurawo zvinovhiringidza rinorema hunhu mwanasikana - Nadi. Shtrum mai, muJudha, akanga ari cram, izvo zvinenge zvisingaiti kurarama.

Mushure mechinguva kunouya tsamba kubva musayendisiti amai, Anny Semenovny. Mariri, iye kwakatyisa kuchinja vanhu vaiziva kare: vakawanda vaimbomira kuti Chat naye, chinyararire ndokupfura kubva muimba. Uye zuva rakatevera raizoitirwa mugove kuparadzwa vaJudha, uye zviri mutsamba kuonekana mwanakomana wake.

Haisi yakanaka uye umhare chokwadi inoratidza Grossman. "Upenyu Fate" (Muchidimbu, muchidimbu kunzwisisa, kunyanya) rinopa utsinye uye rinotyisa makore hondo, uye kwete chete vachibva vokuGermany.

Lyudmila anodzidza kuti Toll akakuvara uye ari muchipatara. Iye akabva ikoko, asi vanonoka - mukomana anofa.

Commissioner Tank Corps akagadza vaimbova munyori remunharaunda komiti iri Hetman, uyo akararama upenyu hwake hwose ari kumeso, nokutuka nhema. Misimboti iyi zvino nokushingaira anotakura wayo mberi-mutsetse mabasa. Kwaari ndiko Corps mutungamiri novikov, uyo anoita zvose zvaanogona kuti kuderedza uwandu vakaurayiwa. Saka anoirayira kurwiswa maminitsi masere, sezvo pakarepo kunounza Getmanov.

Novikov Falls murudo Evgeny Shaposhnikov, aimbova mudzimai Krymov. Iye akasangana naye pakudzoka, asi akanyevera kuti aisazosiya kana mujeri murume.

Rikawira muutapwa German Sophia Osipovna Levinton, rechiuto chiremba. Pamwe chete nevamwe vaJudha zvayo monica yetiroko uye akatumirwa kumusasa. Munziramo iye anoona shoma murume vanoda kurichinja zita mombe. Pano vaanosangana mukomana, David. Mukadzi anonyaradza rokupedzisira mwana, asi hapana ruponeso - pamberi pavo kumirira rufu gasi makamuri.

Stalingrad - Moscow

The akaisawo kunzwisisa uye zvinosuwisa mugumo vanoratidzwa Vasiliy Grossman. "Upenyu Fate" (Pfupiso chigadzirwa runoita kuona kamwe zvakare ichi) - iri itsva umo hakuna rufaro kubva mugovanisi realism uye muite nemagumo anofadza. Naizvozvo, inotsanangura Genre basa iri, zvakakodzera kubvisa chikamu "evanhu", vachisiya chete shoko realism.

Krymov akagamuchira akarayira kuenda Stalingrad. Ikoko anofanira kuuya kuti vari mumusasa vatsigiri, ane musoro, vaGiriki, zvinotungamirira Anti-paitonga Stalin Mauto kukurukura. Kana zvakakodzera Krimov anogona kubvisa murayiro kubva Grekova.

Krymov wefodya nomumwe pfungwa - kubata mutungamiri mune Anti-Soviet. Pakupedzisira, iye anoenda kunyora paanotsamwa. Asi haana nguva - vaGiriki nevarume vake vakauraya. Zvisinei, pepa Anokwanisa kuita basa rayo tsvina; mukuru haasi basa kuti Hero of Soviet Union paakanga afa rokuremekedza.

Nhoroondo anodzokera tsananguro wevasungwa, apo Masty kunogara kune. Pano vari kuedza uvhure pevhu sangano, asi hapana kubatana pakati vasungwa, vanhu vakawanda havana kuvimba mumwe. Saka, Commissioner Osipov kufungidzira zvokusatendeseka pfungwa Ershov, chizvarwa adzinga mhuri, vachitya kuti awane yakawanda simba muboka. Ershov pamusoro mabasa uye Kotikov, mutsigiri nzira Stalin vake. Somugumisiro, kusarudza kuisa kadhi Ershov mubhokisi apo Data dzakasarudzwa kuti akatumira Buchenwald. Mosty havadi pfungwa iyi, asi iye anobvumirana noruzhinji. Panguva iyoyo rinotiudza pamusoro risingazivikanwi boka kune vokuGermany, uyo pakarepo kuparadza zvose chikamu.

Shtrum akadzokera Moscow pamwe akatanga apo iye anoshanda. Rinopedzisa uye rinobudisa basa wefizikisi zvenyukireya, izvo pakarepo anomutsa kufarira uye yakakwirira ratings. Somugumisiro, zvaiisa mberi nokuda Stalin Prize. Zvichakadai, Institute akananga vaJudha kuipa. Sturm kuedza kumiririra kwavari, kutungamirira chokwadi kuti ake ezvinhu hazvina chokwadi chaizvo.

Dzimwe nguva Shtrum kuonekwa Mariey Sokolovoy. Zvishoma nezvishoma anoziva kuti anoda mukadzi, uye iye anoita kwaari pakudzoka. Asi Maria Ivanovna akaroora, uye nokukurumidza vaviri anowana kunze manzwiro ake. Sokolov anotora mudzimai nevimbiso vasisiri kusangana Shtrum. Panguva iyoyowo, iyo yefizikisi anotanga kutambudzwa.

kusunga

Kusati kwatombova Stalingrad Krymov akasunga uye akatumira Moscow. Ari Lubyanka, apo kuburikidza kurwadziswa kuedza kumumanikidza kupupura kuti munguva Hondo Stalingrad iye vakanyengedza Motherland. Krymov kwenguva refu vakakoniwa kumutsiridzika kubva kupomerwa idzi.

It zvinomutsa dambudziko mubvunzo yechiJudha Grossman. "Upenyu Fate" (pfupiso kubudikidza zvitsauko) - zvakawanda uchapupu ichi. Very sezvazviri uye mavara anorondedzerwa baiting Shtrum. Muna Institute pepanhau rinobudiswa kunoparadza nyaya, wefizikisi akanyengetedza kutaura pagungano zvedzidzo kanzuru uye zvikanganiso zvavo. Shtrum anoramba uye haapindi kumusangano. Family kumutsigira uye kuziva enyika mamiriro ezvinhu munyika kugadzirira kusungwa. Pazuva iroro kushevedza Shtrum Maria Ivanovna, akanga vanodada navo uye chido.

Yefizikisi vakaisa kubasa, asi kwete kusungwa. Naye kurega ukama zvose shamwari akwegura uye neshamwari. Iye nemhuri yake - ari zindoga.

Asi basa iri vanofarira Shtrum Stalin. Academic pakarepo zvinake uye kumupa murabhoritari kushandisa.

Krymov nhema pashure vaitambudzwa muhofisi panguva Lubyanka, anonzwa Hurukuro kubatwa pakati Stalingrad. Anoona vaGiriki achiuya kuzosangana naye. It mberi vachipikisana asi kusaina kureurura Krymov. Zvinonzi akadzora mumba, apo anowana Kupfuudzwa kudzoka wake Eugenia.

Iye kudzidza chando, muchirimo musango inogona kunzwa nokuungudza nezvomufi uye mufaro upenyu hutsva.

Theme uye pfungwa

Vazhinji nyaya ouzivi akafukidza mubasa rake Grossman. "Upenyu Kufanorongerwa Zvichaitika Muupenyu" - rondedzero umo mibvunzo vakarerwa chisimba uye rusununguko, zvechiuto uye upenyu rehurumende. War - kwete nebope pakati mauto kunyika mbiri, uye kurwisana nyika siyana, akasiyana upenyu maonero. Iye akafumura kupfuura chenjera matambudziko edu munyori nguva, akazivisa chikuru kupokanidzana kweSoviet.

Yakarukwa yose chigadzirwa upenyu uye musoro wematambudziko. Panyaya iyi, iko kutapwa kunonzwisiswa somusengwa, hapana rusununguko, kumanikidza nezviremera, uye upenyu - rusununguko, munhu akazvimiririra, vachitevera vake mupfungwa kwehasha.

The huru kunetsana

Ndanyatsomuongorora pepfupikiso Romana Grossmana "Upenyu uye Fate", muverengi anonzwisisa kuti huru chigadzirwa hondo - kunetsana mhirizhonga uye rusununguko, hurumende uye munhu. Kunyatsoyeuka kuzvipokanidza aya anoratidzwa mune kufunga magamba migumisiro yose repressions Stalin vake, kuti collectivization, "chaiye kugara 'upenyu.

Munyori chaizvoizvo inoratidza vanhu kutambura pasi pejoko Nazi uye ushe Soviet, kutsvaga zvakawanda zvakafanana: vanhu vari kufa, tsika akafumuka, kuramba mapfumo, akashinga mbwende, zvakanaka akasuruvara. Kutya munhu akabva zvakafanana tigume vanhu. Hapana tsaona dzinoitika mashoko dzose kuenzanisa Stalin uye Hitler. Vatungamiri vaviri aiva mumwe nzira yokuwana - kutya.

Kuguma kwazvo yokufungidzira inoramba rakavhurika, mubvunzo seisingapindurwi unoramba kuti muchawana ari munhu - rusununguko kana vamanikidzwe hunhu.

Krymov

Lots pazvinhu musimba rake Roman Grossman ( "Life uye Fate", isu kuyeuka, takakurukura nhasi). Asi inokosha zvishoma, kusanganisira Commissioner uye Bolshevik Krymov. Akashumira zvose ake upenyu chimurenga nokutendeka. In kunzwisisa kwake "zvakanaka" - ndizvo zvinounza zvinobatsira kuti hurumende. The chikwereti kuna Soviet Union pamusoro zvose kwaari. Kunyange munguva yehondo, kana paine vanhu kufa uye unofanira kufunga kuchengetedza pachake uye Motherland, iye paanosvika Stalingrad, kutevera Grekov, uyo runyerekupe kuti kushandisa zvisizvo Stalin hwechiKomonisiti.

Rwakabatwa pevhu of Lubyanka, Krymov hutsva panguva yakapfuura upenyu, anoziva kukanganisa kwake. Ake wakarwadzisa pamusana kwokupa mhosva Grekov.

Shtrum

Panyaya iyi, gamba zvinomutsa dambudziko ukama vaJudha munguva yehondo, Grossman. "Upenyu Fate", muchidimbu, kuongorora basa uye nzira youpenyu munyori kunobatsira kunzwisisa sei pedyo aiva nyaya munyori. Shtrum - chinoshamisa yefizikisi ane Kuwanika aigona kubatsira hurumende kusimbisa simba rake, asi iye haawanzotauri anosuwa paitonga Stalin kumusasa nokuti dzakavapo.

Chifananidzo Zvinofadza nekuti Grossman anopa gamba sarudzo: wokumutengesa pachavo, pasina nokusaina muteveri bepa, kana kugara wechokwadi yavo yezvavaidavira, asi kamwe zvakare pachena upenyu hwake pangozi. Shtrum anouya vanotya, uye chiito ichi kuti arasikirwe rebei kuzvidemba.

Getmanov

Tikaramba nekukatanura zvifananidzo magamba enyika yokufungidzira, uyo akanyora Grossman ( "Life uye Kufanorongerwa Zvichaitika Muupenyu"). Tikafunga yapfuura magamba maviri inomira Getmanov. Haana aiva sarudzo, akanga kare akasarudza kuti chinhu chikuru - kuita expediently. Pakutanga, zvakanga achitapira chaizvo uye njere hunhu. Akanga zvakakwana vepachokwadi mukukanganisa kwavo uye asingazivi kuti ane "pasi rwechipiri." Achiratidza mokunga kunetseka pamusoro seboka vashandi purazi vakarerutsa mari dzavo.

mhedziso

rondedzero Stalin yaitonga Grossman Very isingawanzowanikwi uye dzinonakidza chinoitirwa muverengi. "Upenyu Fate", pfupiso iyo takurukura - a yokufungidzira zvainanga pakurwisa totalitarianism. Hazvina basa kana ari mudzidziso yeNazi kana Soviet hwechiKomonisiti.