Guruva madutu: zvinokonzera, zvaitika. Apo pane madutu guruva?

okunze zviitiko izvi vanoita rakakura pakusvibiswa pasi muchadenga. Zviri mumwe dzakawanda incredible dzinongoitika chakajairika kuti masayendisiti nokukurumidza akawana nyore tsananguro imwe.

Izvi yaivhuvhuta okunze chakajairika - guruva yemadutu. Kuti uwane mashoko pamusoro pavo ichakurukurwa munyaya inotevera.

tsananguro

Dusty kana jecha dutu - kutanga kuchinjwa hombe yakawanda jecha uye guruva Mhepo yakakwirira, achiperekedzwa unopinza kudzikira mune maonero. Kazhinji, izvi mananara zvinobva panyika.

Izvi nzvimbo dzisinganayi yepasi, apo mhepo inovhuvhuta kutakura makore simba guruva mugungwa. Uyezve, zvinoreva ngozi murume zvikurukuru panyika, vakararama kanganisa zvikuru pachena mhepo, saka zvichiita zvakaoma kuchengeta pose penyanza kubva muchadenga.

Zvinokonzera Muguruva Bowl

All nyaya yacho inotyisa kupisa, nokuda rakasimba nokuomesa ivhu, uye ipapo pamusoro rukoko hunoparadza kupinda nemaziso nezvimedu, iri vakanonga nemhepo yakasimba.

Asi madutu guruva kutanga kana zvimwe tsika dzakaoma mhepo aimhanya, zvichienderana Nzvimbo uye ivhu marongerwo. Vakawanda vanotanga pa mhepo aimhanya ari kuwanda 10-12 m / s. A simba nevhu pamusoro loess madutu guruva rwakavapo muzhizha, kunyange panguva aimhanya 8 m / s, panenge panguva 5 m / s.

maitiro

Ya semadutu zvichisiyana maminitsi mazuva anoverengeka. Kakawanda, nguva akayera mumaawa. Somuenzaniso, panyaya iri Sea Aral 80-awa dutu hwakanyorwa.

Pashure kunyangarika zvinokonzera kubva zvinorondedzerwa Fani akamutswa guruva kubva panyika iri mhepo vari yakaturikwa ezvinhu kuti maawa mashoma, zvichida mazuva. Muzviitiko izvi, aro akakura vakawanda kuchinjwa mhepo aibuda mune mazana uye kunyange zviuru makiromita. Ainzi nemhepo pamusoro refu kubva kupi guruva anonzi advective maumi. Tropical mhepo guru pakati mhute zvaitambidzwa kumaodzanyemba Russia uye nomunyika Europe kubva Africa (munzvimbo kuchamhembe) uye kuMiddle East. A wokumavirira Nzizi kazhinji kuti guruva kwakadaro kubva China (pakati uye kuchamhembe) pamusoro Pacific pamhenderekedzo, uye zvichingodaro. D.

ruvara

Guruva madutu vane akasiyana-siyana kuti kunobva ivhu marongerwo uye ruvara. Pane madutu zvinotevera mavara:

• nhema (Black nevhu kwesango uye kumaodzanyemba-kumabvazuva kumatunhu European Russia, Orenburg nharaunda uye Bashkortostan);
• yeyero uye shava (runowanzoitika kuUnited States uye Central Asia - loam uye jecha loam);
• dzvuku (dzvuku simbi oxides ivhu pamusoro Afghanistan uye Iranian renje;
• chena (munyu marshes Kalmykia dzimwe nzvimbo Turkmenistan uye Volga nharaunda).

Geography madutu

The panowanikwa semadutu guruva kuitika siyana nzvimbo panyika. The chikuru nzvimbo kuparadzirwa uye vari Semi gwenga dzinopisa uye vakadzikama okunze munyika dzine, uye vose hemispheres enyika.

Kazhinji, shoko rokuti "guruva dutu" rinoshandiswa Pazvinoitika pamusoro loam kana ivhu ivhu. Pazvinoitika mu jecha mumagwenga (semuenzaniso Sahara, Kyzylkum, Karakum uye zvichingodaro.), Uye ruduku nezvimedu, mhepo anotakura mhepo mamiriyoni matani uye hombe nezvimedu (jecha), kare okuti "jecha dutu" rinoshandiswa.

Kakawanda madutu guruva kuitika Balkhash neGungwa Aral nharaunda (wokumaodzanyemba Kazakhstan), kumadokero chikamu Kazakhstan, pamusoro kweGungwa reCaspian, muna Karakalpakstan uye Turkmenistan.

Apo pane guruva madutu muRussia? Most kazhinji dzinoitika Astrakhan uye Volgograd kumatunhu, vokuTuva, Kalmykia, uyewo muna Altai uye Trans-Baikal nenharaunda. Panguva yatinenge mazhinji kwemvura, madutu angatanga (kwete ose gore) musango-inowanzorimwa uye inowanzorimwa munyika dzine pamusoro Chita, Buryatia, vokuTuva, Novosibirsk, Orenburg, Samara, Voronezh uye Rostov kumatunhu, Krasnodar uye Stavropol Territories, muCrimea, uye vamwe.

Vanonyanya kupa huruva maumi muGungwa muArabhia - ndiye gwenga pakati muArabhiya Peninsula uye Africa. Kuderera kukuvara munzvimbo idzi kuuya dutu Iran vake, Pakistan uye India.

In nePacific Ocean guruva madutu kutakura Chinese.

Ecological mibairo Muguruva Bowl

The zvinorondedzerwa Fani kungaita Dunes makuru uye uchatamisa yakawanda guruva kuti kumberi kuonekwe ave gobvu uye yakakwirira guruva rusvingo (kusvika 1,6? Km.). Achibva Sahara madutu murenje vanozivikanwa se "sandstorm", "Khamsin" (Ijipiti uye Israeri) uye "habub" (Sudan). Kunyanya muna Sahara madutu kuitika muchanza mugove uye Bodélé Depression vabve vanzwa Mali miganhu Mauritania uye Algeria.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti mumakore 60 apfuura nhamba Saharan madutu guruva yakawedzera vangasvika 10 nguva, zvichikonzera yakawanda zvinoderedza pakukora pose paiva ivhu iri Chad, Nigeria. Enzanisa zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti Mauritania muna 60 wacho yokupedzisira remakore zvakaitika maviri chete guruva madutu, uye zvino gore pane iri musi semadutu 80.

Masayendisiti, dzezvakatipoteredza vanodavira kuti ratyama mafungiro kune dzisinganayi dziri Earth, kunyanya, vachifungawo gadziriro chirimwa kutenderera, nguva inoenda kuwedzera pazvinhu mugwenga uye kuchinja kwemamiriro okunze ari mamiriro kweNyika pasi pose.

aungazviita

Guruva madutu, uyewo dzimwe zvakasikwa kuti kukuvadza zvikuru. Kuitira kuderedza kana kunyange kudzivirira zvavo nemigumisiro vanofanira kuongorora Nzvimbo - zororo, microclimate, yemamiriro mhepo mirayiridzo pano uye aite anoenderana zvinhu zvaizokanganisa kuderedza mhepo nokukurumidza pedyo pasi pamusoro uye kuwedzera adhesion ivhu inoramba.

Kuderedza mhepo akurumidze, kuti vaite zvimwe zviitwa. Kwose kwose akasika kwegadziriro pokugara mabhandi uye mapapiro. Wandei kwakabatsira kuwedzera adhesion ivhu nezvimedu kupa hapana-kusvikira kurima, mashanga kuruboshwe, perennial rekushongedzesa, micheka yakatsemurwa perennial rekushongedzesa yaiteverwa pamwe zvirimwa zvirimwa wepagore.

Vamwe yakakurumbira jecha uye guruva madutu

Somuenzaniso, isu iwe kupa mazita yakakurumbira jecha uye guruva madutu:

• Muna 525 BC. e., maererano Herodotus, muna Sahara panguva sandstorm akafa 50000th hondo mambo Cambyses wePersia.
• Muna 1928 muUkraine mhepo yaityisa akasimudza Bole 15 miriyoni. Matani ivhu dema kubva munzvimbo ba mamiriyoni 1. Km, iro guruva rave vakatamira munyika Carpathians, Romania, uye Poland, apo vakagara.
• Muna 1983, dutu rakasimba kuchamhembe mamiriro Victoria muAustralia akazadza guta Melbourne.
• Muzhizha ra2007 muna Karachi uye Baluchistan uye Sindh neyenyika paiva simba dutu uye dzvotsvotsvo remvura kwakatevera, zvakakonzera rufu vanhu vanenge 200.
• Muna May 2008, muna Mongolia nokuda mumwe jecha dutu akauraya vanhu 46.
• Muna September 2015 imwe "Sharav" vanotyisa (sandstorm) kwakapararira imwe hombe munzvimbo kuMiddle East neNorth Africa. Hard yakarova Israeri, Egypt, Palestine, Lebanon, Jordan, Saudi Arabia neSiriya. Paiva vanotambura.

Pakupedzisira, zvishoma extraterrestrial madutu guruva

Mars guruva madutu kuitika sezvinotevera. Nokuda musiyano rakasimba tembiricha pakati chando ukobvu uye mhepo inodziya pamahombekombe kumaodzanyemba polar chivharo puraneti Mars kune mhepo yakasimba, guruva makore vachisimudza huru tsvuku-mashava. Uye pano pane ayo zvakatokura. Masayendisiti anodavira kuti Mars guruva anogona kutamba chete basa sezvo pasi makore. Muchidziisa muchadenga kunoitika kuburikidza Absorção de Água pamusoro rezuva chiedza guruva.