History Museum (Kaluga) kero, maawa kushanda. Kaluga: zvinokwezva

History Museum (Kaluga) ane akapfuma wemabhuku Exhibits, zvakawanda izvo dzinoti kune remakore rechi17. Uwandu zvinhu kwenguva refu nguva yakapfuura nokuti 100 zviuru zvinhu. Under rakatangwa miziyamu wakazviunganidza mapazi gumi uye chisarudzo chakagamuchirwa muna 2016 vakatamira mamiriro kuUnited Museum.

Mukuru miziyamu vomunharaunda lore

History Museum (Kaluga) yakatangwa muna 1897. To woiisa akatora chimwe zvivako mukuru muguta - Imba, izvo kamwe ari mutengesi Korobov (muzana remakore rechi17). Wokutanga ratidza zvaisanganisira mahwindo mashanu, apo vakanga hwakaratidza zvakawanikwa pakuchera matongo, mari dzekare, vanovengwa muupenyu nguva akapfuura. The miziyamu mukana pavhiki kaviri chete, Vashanyi nokuti gore rakanga diki chaizvo - vanhu 500 chete.

Pakazosvika 1904, nhoroondo dzomunharaunda miziyamu (Kaluga) akaramba mari inenge 1,000 zvinhu, raisanganisira tsamba A. S. Pushkina, N. V. Gogolya chinyoreso muna 1915 pokuunganidzira akanga atova 1200 dzakabatana.

Pashure 1918 tsika yacho kuva "Provincial Museum of History." Chivako, iyo zvino dzimba kuti Regional Museum Kaluga, mari uye kwamagwaro vakatamira muna 1922. matavi okutanga vakanga akabatanidza muna 1924, pakuenzanisa miziyamu yakatamira "kuti chikonzero chakanaka," Art. Rokupedzisira muna 1925, zvinosanganisira madhipatimendi akawanda akauya pasi wenharaunda yaitongwa Glavnauka.

Main replenishment chakaitika mune 30s, apo Museum of Local History (Kaluga) vakava kukasawedzerwa pfuma aparadza makereke nationalized Estates. Pakazosvika 1939, kuunganidzwa raiva 10,000 zvinhu.

Kubva War kusvikira nhasi

Panguva Great Patriotic War Museum dzimba havana vashanda vose 10 mwedzi vari vamwe pashoo yakavhurwa kune voruzhinji. Munguva basa, kwamazuva 78, ari miziyamu yakavharwa. nhaka Historical vaisagona akatozotamiswa, uye kuti gore (1942-43). The mudonzvo akaverengwa papi dzakakonzerwa. Mugumisiro Gwaro akataura kuti 10% vakanga dzichapambwa miziyamu kuunganidza chokuita nguva remakore rechi18 classicism.

Muna 1944 miziyamu vakatamira chinzvimbo ari romunharaunda, muna 1945 mari yaiva 7712 zvidimbu, izvo 2143 inokwana zviyero akavhurwa kuti ruzhinji kuwana. Munguva iyi, vashandi vakaunganidza sangano, magwaro uye ndangariro Mukuru Patriotic War, waiva hwaro dzidzo iri 50 - 60s anoverengeka zvavo mamiziyamu munharaunda. Zvadaro, vatanhatu vavo vakava matavi uye vakapinda veko nhoroondo Museum (Kaluga). Nhasi, tsika anogamuchira vashanyi mapazi 10.

Manor kunzwisisa

History Museum (Kaluga) chakavapo kwemakore anopfuura 100., nguva yose iyi, mari muunganidzwa kunoramba achiudza uye iye ane vanopfuura zviuru 100 nemamwe Exhibits. Muna 1982, mavakirwo Manor yakare, inova miziyamu uye dzakaunganidzwa tsika azviwanira chete inzwi, nemhaka pfungwa kuabatanidza, kwakaitwa Leningrad vemifananidzo uye masayendisiti.

The kupfuura chinozikamwa zviratidzwa musangano chiri mapurani kunzwisisa, yakavakwa muna 1808, apo History Museum (Kaluga) zvino. History huru imba rinotaura kuti kamwe rainzi mumuzinda, uye akanga vakapfuma Manor muguta. The France iri yakashongedzwa dzakakwirira reliefs nhoroondo rechiGiriki yakakura, chikuru paya yakashongedzwa mbiru uye nedenga tracery amatare noruzhowa, pamwe namasuwo makuru. In menzvimbo pachivanze ndiye pamberi bapiro, nzvimbo varairidzi, rinogumisa nzvimbo rakafukidza maberere, pachigadziko chena ibwe chinjiri, yakashongedzwa Tuscan pembiru.

Description of miziyamu kuratidza

The omukati mumuzinda aizivikanwa yose Kaluga, kushanda kwavo kuuraya raitarisirwa Italian mapurani S. Campioni. Pasi wokutanga, apo kare dzichengeterwe kwakavakirwa zvebhizimisi zvinangwa, zvino kunoratidzwa zvinhu wedhipatimendi zvakasikwa.

Panhurikidzwa yechipiri, ari mudzimba gumi neimwe, vakapararira pamusoro ane kwamagwaro yakatsaurirwa kuna nhoroondo mudunhu. The mikoko okutanga vakazadzwa zvakawanikwa pakuchera matongo zvinoratidza refu azvipire kugadzira vanhu vekare. Zvinotevera zvemumba, zvishongo, zvokupfeka mushambadzi Rusich. Munguva Peter I rinoreva pakuonekwa wokutanga maindasitiri kugadzirwa. In dzimba dzose miziyamu akaratidza wachi, akapa nokuda Empress Catherine II chokuremekedza gavhuna muna Kaluga.

A yakawanda zvinhu inounganidzwa mune dzimba vakazvitsaurira kuna Hondo 1812 uye Hondo Yenyika II. Kuwedzera munhau, kuunganidza chine tsika nhaka dzekare mabhuku remakore rechi19, akashanyira Kaluga, pano rine Exhibits vaiva N. V. Gogolyu, F. M. Dostoevskomu, A. P. Chehovu, uye vamwe vanyori.

matavi

Regional Museum iri bazi Kaluga anokukumbira kushanyira:

• Zita yakakwirira. The kwamagwaro iri yakatsaurirwa kusunungurwa Kuibyshev yoruwa munguva Great Patriotic War, kana rimwe boka revarume rinoumbwa vanhu 18, vakakwanisa andobata kuchikosha yakakwirira 224,1. Zita miziyamu akapa rwiyo V. E. Basnera "mashoko zita dzakakwirira", kuna heroism nemauto-Siberians.
• Borovsk. Bazi iri riri muguta rekare Borovsk ndokufunga nhoroondo yacho. Zvikamu miziyamu vanozviitira nomushambadzi, ane Old Vakatendeka tsika, vaiudzwa nyaya dzemamongi mbiri - Pokrovsky uye Pafnutev- Borowski. Subject of pashoo rine zvimedu Pamifananidzo yekare uye mapurani chikamu Kuberekwa Cathedral uye dzemamongi, Ceramics, zvidhinha dzakaitwa nemaoko remakore rechi16. A guru muunganidzwa zvakachengetedzwa mifananidzo rinotaura nyaya Zvakafukunurwa paguva boyar Morozova. Rinotaura vanovengwa muupenyu vatengesi uye Bourgeois mhuri.
• Zaitseva Gora. The kwamagwaro riri kuna kare kurwisa mauto eSoviet pamusoro vanopinda nechisimba German kuti Warsaw mugwagwa uye inokosha dzakakwirira scrapped nemishonga German, mumwe wakanga "Zaitseva Gora".
• Ilyinsky kumiganhu. Chirangaridzo vakazvitsaurira kuna heroism Ilyinskikh vadzidzi zvikoro zvemauto. Mumazuva 12, ivo akambomira zvisingaiti kurwisa Moscow.
• Kozelsk. The pashoo inoratidza nhoroondo rimwe remaguta ekare ari Kaluga nharaunda, nhoroondo yacho yakatanga kusvika remakore rechi12. The miziyamu riri munzvimbo neimba Tsyplakovovyh vatengesi okuberekwa. In dzimba kuti zvakawanikwa pakuchera matongo, nhoroondo zvinhu zvekare. maviri Category kuratidzwa "Dhiyabhorosi murwi" pamberi (9-10 zera) uye "Vyatichesky kwevafi dzakaoma kuti 12-13 remakore." A nzvimbo nechepakati anopindura hondo kanivhasi yakatsaurirwa Kozelsk pakurwa.
• Mosalsk. Museum kuna nhoroondo yeguta, inokurukurwa zvikamu pamupendero zvakasikwa, nhoroondo, ethnography uye zviitiko kwemakore. mubereko Great pakati vashanyi ndiyo vavakezve ane murimi mudiki kari pre-echimurenga Russia.
• Manor Park "Mucheka Factory". The chete akagadzirwa akabatanidza matunhu maviri yomumwe Goncharov uye Shchepochkina. A chinhu wenhaka raro nzvimbo iri nharaunda dzomucheka nebepa mafekitari. Kune miziyamu-kuchamuka Goncharov, chechi chitarisiko, paki uye hothouse zvivako, stables nezvimwe historiallinen mapurani nzvimbo.
• Tarussky miziyamu. The kutaurwa guta rokutanga ndorwevaya yenhau Tarussa 1246. In dzimba muguta miziyamu zvipo ethnographic Exhibits, mabhuku kwamagwaro, imwe yoga chikamu chawo kuna upenyu uye basa munyori K. G. Paustovskogo.
• Tarussky Museum Tsvetaevs. In dzimba dzose kwamagwaro nezvoupenyu, mabasa nyanduri Marina Tsvetaeva.

excursions

Muna 2016 iri miziyamu akatamira itsva chinzvimbo uye ari kunzi "Kaluga Museum-Reserve." Panguva iyoyo, pane pezvakaitwa yomunyika nokubatanidzwazve uye kugadzirira zvirongwa zvitsva. Asi nebasa yomunharaunda nhoroondo miziyamu haigoni kwaizombomiswa, uye vashanyi vanokokwa rwokuparidza:

• Nhoroondo Kaluga nharaunda. Substantively amutsvaka uye rakanyorwawo nguva upfumi kuvandudzika munzvimbo kubvira muzana remakore rechi17, zvikuru ngwariro Rakakwanira pakuvaka reguta, tsika kukura, mabhuku, unyanzvi.
• Nature of Kaluga nharaunda. The ekisiposha hunonyatsodonongodza Geological, nenzvimbo zvinhu unopinza akapa Zvisaririra prehistoric lifeforms yakawanikwa panguva kupikidura kana rokuvaka mumunda. Vazhinji pashoo ndiyo nemiti uye fauna of yacho anomirirwa ari Exhibits kubva kare nguva kuti chipo.
• mhuka Exotic. Zviratidzwa otaura vashanyi kuti vamiririri fauna of pasi pose (South America, Asia, Africa, etc.), A yakawanda Exhibits kuratidza upenyu pemvura nyika, hwaimiririrwa Fauna of nechepakati Russia.
• Pasi mureza wenyika neSoviet. Karwendo hurukuro pamusoro pakagadzwa simba Soviet, kukura kwenzvimbo kusvikira 1941, anofunga zvaitika vanhu, sezvo zvakaita nguva ye Civil War, ari Stakhanovite kufamba, udzvanyiriri. Exhibition centre, wakayeriswa kune Category rwavakaita vari anosikwa mukirasi omukati, munhu zvaiita mufurati.
• Kaluga Region munguva Great Patriotic War. Category excursions inoitwa paruvanze kuna 65th gore Kukunda muhondo. The Exhibits dzinokurukurwa kurongwa, anoratidza nzira zviitiko, izvozvo inokurudzira mazita vagari - vanoshingaira vechikamu ruvengo uye vashandi rwemberi. The nechepakati nzvimbo yakapiwa diorama "Kubudiswa Kaluga".

Muna miziyamu akapfuma muunganidzwa vakaungana kuti anopa zvakasiyana siyana nguva Tours. Saka kufarira kunokonzerwa nyaya pamusoro Decembrists, nhoroondo porcelain neyevhu, zviitiko Hondo 1812, uye zvakawanda.

anobatsira mashoko

The noushamwari vaeni Kaluga Regional Museum (nokushanda kwadzinoita - 9:30 - 17:30, mari apedzerana dzimwe matikiti yezororo 17:00). Nokushanda kwadzinoita Mugovera: 11:00 - 19:00. Vamwe zuva Monday. Tikiti mitengo kutangira 100 rubles.

Kwakaderedza mari inopiwa kune vadzidzi, pensioners uye vadzidzi. Free kuwana hunowanika vagari vose paZuva mamiziyamu, uyewo vamwe Mapato vemunyika nguva dzose, unogona kuenda National History Museum (Kaluga). Address: Pushkin mumugwagwa, kuvaka 4.

zvinokwezva Kaluga

Vazhinji munhau, pazvivako, tsika nzvimbo zvinogona kufadza nzvimbo muguta Kaluga. Attractions ari nhamba zvokuti navo haagoni kuva nezuva rimwe. The pamusoro gumi iconic nzvimbo zvechokwadi inokosha kushanya dzinosanganisira:

• St. George Cathedral yakavakwa muna 1701.
• Temple of Chitarisiko ramakore rechi17, riri pamusoro munharaunda wakakombwa.
• Optina (70 Km from Kaluga). Maererano netsika, wemamongi rakavakwa anopfidza gororo Optoy mukupera kwezana remakore rechi19. The kunzwisisa ane chitubu chinoshamisa, chakavanzika patsime wechipiri riri pamahombekombe erwizi Zhizdra.
• State Museum of Cosmonautics Tsiolkovsky. Rine Russia guru inoratidzirwa vakazvipira muchadenga kudziongorora. The mari rinonyomba vanenge 600,000 zvinhu mikana - 400 zviuru dzakabatana.
• Chamber Korobov vatengesi. It chinhu mapurani Monument wokuRussia mapurani yekare ramakore rechi17.
• Stone zambuko unobatanidza Berezuevskogo kumucheto pomupata. The viaduct yakavakwa muna 1785 uye ndiye Russia guru ibwe maumbirwo adzo. Kureba 160 metres uye upamhi 20 mamita. The mugove pakati - nhanho mbiri pamwe Maberere.
• Hotel Courtyard Old Trading Square. Chivako uye nharaunda ndezvaMwari muzana remakore rechi18, pakuvaka yakatangwa nevanhu vatengesi pamusoro nzvimbo yekare goronga. Restoration kuitwa muna 2015.
• Pearl Kaluga - Finca Zolotarev, apo nhoroondo dzomunharaunda Museum iri.
• Craft Museum of Architecture uye Life. It ane rakakura kwemasimba nhoroondo zvetsika chevarwere rwokugadzira, makuru exposures nevhu matoyi. Vamwe Exhibits ndeyemunguva 17-18th emakore.
• Nikola-usimbe, musha mupaki rudzi kukosha "Ugra", apo wegore uri mutambo "Archstoyanie". On nyika vemifananidzo uye ezvivako zvakasikwa rakasiyana chivezwa yakagadzirwa dzinongoitika nezvinhu, ayo akapararira yose chengetedza.

Iyi haisi gurupu chii chinogona kuyemura vaenzi kuguta Kaluga. Varipo muguta uye mumunda. Unique Shamordino chechechi iri pedyo nomusha Shamordino. Central Kazan Cathedral iri yakashongedzwa 15 domes, mukuru mhinduro zvinoreva Russian manyorerwo yekare, pebhanhire anoratidza paakaita tsika. Mira kuongororwa Manor Vorobyov, shongwe kuti sysadmin, House vanatenzi, uye zvakawanda.