Hondo Marathon. "History" kuna Herodotus

Kana totaura Hondo Marathon, vakawanda Kufunga ngano yacho mutumwa, vakatakura muAtene nomufaro mashoko kukunda vavaGiriki vaPezhiya, uye vakamhanya 42,195 km paakaudza hama dzavo vagari mashoko, akawira akafa. Panyaya iyi, kare maiva zvemitambo kurangwa - yokungoi- ta bara pa 42 km anonzi yedaro refu hwakawanda huripo nokuda Olympic Games. Zvisinei, hondo chaiwo Marathon zvinozivikanwa kuti muhondo iyi, uto vomuAtene akakwanisa kukunda mukuru zvavo nhamba hondo vaPezhiya, vaGiriki, kurasikirwa vakasvika vanhu 192 pamusoro 6400 rufu kunoitwa muvengi.

matura

Hondo Marathon chakafukidzwa mu Book VI "History" kuna Herodotus. Izvi kwainyanya, iro rinotaura pamusoro zviitiko, yava aburuka nguva yedu. Mashoko ekare kare wechiGiriki, rinowanzoshandiswa vakatsoropodza nokuda kwayo yokutaura kuti kunyora mabasa ake ndiwo musimboti wokushandura zvose zvaakanga anoudza vanhu, uye kana kutenda zvose izvi kana kwete - nderimwe mubvunzo zvachose.

Vakawanda nyaya Herodotus Zvichida unogona kunzi kune ngano enganonyorwa. Uyezve, akashanda se kunobva siyana renhoroondo uye zvakaona chishamiso. Kunyange zvakadaro, dzakaitika Data nhasi akasimbisa ose zvidzidzo. Maererano Herodotus, musi Hondo Marathon - September 12, 490 BC. e.

prehistory

Muna VI remakore BC pane chinoshingaira kukura hwePezhiya, nguva dzose kutora pamusoro ndima itsva. Pakupedzisira, muna kumadokero Achaemenid hwacho aifanira zvikuru dzakabudirira Greek budiriro ane vanhu yaiva rusununguko-rudo kwazvo. Kunyange zvisingaiti Persian vakakwanisa kukunda maguta akawanda ndero madokero eAsia Minor, vaGiriki vakaramba kudzivisa, uye muna 500 BC. e. pamusoro idzi yakavapo pakachena nokumukira, rwakatanga paMireto. Hondo Marathon aiva unoshamisa yechiitiko yokurwisana ichi.

Zvisinei, makore yemuna vokutanga havana unouisa vaGiriki vaigara Asia Minor, huru kubudirira mukurwisa vanopinda nechisimba. Pasinei chokwadi kuti Eretria uye Atene akapa rubatsiro remauto vagari kuMireto, vaGiriki havana kukwanisa kubatanidza zvose masimba uye zvinopa zvakakodzera kurambwa kuna nevaPezhiya. Saka, muna 496 BC. e. Achaemenid umambo vasaziva kupanduka, ukuwo rokuzivisa hondo pamusoro Hellas zvose.

Kutanga hondo itsva

Muna 492 BC. e. chokutanga danidziro rakarongwa pamusoro vaGiriki, zvisinei nezvikepe, ferrying mauto mhiri kwegungwa, yakaparadzwa nemafungu nedutu rinenge zvachose. The muchiuto mashandiro yakakanganiswa, uye gore rakatevera racho, mambo wePersia Dhariusi yakasarudza kuita zvakasiyana - akatuma nhume kuna Greece, iyo iri kwayo nokuda hwaida yokurega vaGiriki. Vamwe maguta vanosarudza kubvumirana zvinodiwa Dhariusi, asi kwete mose. Vagari Atene uye Sparta vari nyore nechokuita nhume Persian.

Muna 490 BC. e. NevaPezhiya basa idzva chipatapata Hellas, uye nguva ino anotanga zvakawanda zvinobudirira. zvikepe zvavo zvakachengeteka vayambuke Gungwa reAegean, uye hondo yacho kurutivi rwokumusoro-mabvazuva Attica - chete pedyo netaundi duku Marathon. Munzvimbo idzi, uye paiva Hondo Marathon, rwakazokura nomukurumbira munyika yose.

Kugadzirira kurwa

Uto The Persian painyanya zvakafanana netsoka uta uye vamabhiza, uwandu - varume zviuru makumi maviri. Marathon bani zvinoshamisa wakanyatsokodzera dzavo nzira kwehondo. hondo vomuAtene Zvaiita kaviri zvishoma, asi nokure nevaPezhiya hembe zvishoma. Chaiva hoplites, vakapfeka dzokurwa, hudyu, mhangura nengowani uye vakanga vakabata nhovo huru uye refu mapfumo. Asi hondo Marathon akanga akunda nevaGiriki kwete chete nokuda midziyo yavo zvakanaka. An rinokosha iri kuridzwa ne nzira.

Miltiades, uyo aiva mumwe vehondo gumi dzinozivikanwa akatungamirira uto Greek, aiziva nzira wePezhia kurwa. Iye zvinganaka chinhu anobudirira, asi nzira, pfungwa yakakamurwa. Vamwe vavo vakaomerera kuti mauto akadzokera kuAtene uye kudzivirira guta, apo vamwe vaida kusangana muvengi pano mumupata. Pakupedzisira, Miltiades akakwanisa anyengetedze ruzhinji kuti kudivi ravo. Akati kuti kana hondo Marathon iri akahwina, izvozvo uchaponesa kubva kuparadzwa mamwe maguta Greek.

Zvaizobuda hondo

The nevaPezhiya vaitarisira kuti avo vouta kuti richandifukidza muvengi chimvuramabwe chemiseve uye vamabhiza kukwanisa circumvent vaGiriki kubva pachiuno uuye kuvhiringidzika kupinda pamisara yavo. Asi Miltiades envisaged mukana kushandisa nzira iyi uye navaPeresia kutsiva. Asi nzira "kufamba nokukurumidza", rakashandiswa uto vomuAtene, akava Ndakashamiswa vakundi. Achisvika nevaPersia nechokure, anokanda nouta, vaGiriki vakaputsa kuva run, nokudaro kurerutsa nechinhu miseve muvengi. Ndero hoplites akapakata zvombo chaizvo zvinobudirira kupikisa zvose uta, uye vatasvi vemabhiza wePezhia. Zvakaguma Hondo kukodzera shure vaIsraeri zvisingaiti, uye muhondo akarasika rinokosha uto muPezhiya.

Kutaura zvazviri, nokuti ichi muhondo wePezhia vasina kuurayisa nemigumisiro, nokuti Simba Achaemenids akanga yepamusoro simba uye ane hombe zviwanikwa. Gore Hondo Marathon aiva mavambo yakareba rechiGiriki kurwira rusununguko.