Maguta ekare uye ano Greek

maguta ekare echiGiriki akasimuka pamberi munhambo yedu. Vakanga yakavakwa vamiririri ane ekare, izvo rakawedzera kure miganhu Greece ano. nemiganhu yayo vaiva kupi? Apo vakanga akavaka guta, uye sei vakachinja pamusoro nguva?

yekare kupunduka

Panguva iyoyo, Republic of Greece ari nyika muEurope, iri kumaodzanyemba muBalkan Peninsula uye pedyo zvitsuwa. It okumavirira mumakungwa shanu uye ndokwenguva nzvimbo 131.957 mativi makiromita.

Small nyika European ndiye mutsivi tsika kuti kukanganiswa kukura sayenzi nounyanzvi Western budiriro. In kwayo budiriro nhoroondo govera izvi nguva:

• Mycenaean (III-I zviuru BC ...);
• Homer (. XI -IX remakore BC ..);
• zvekare (. VIII-VI remakore BC ..);
• Classic (V-IV remakore BC ...);
• Ndero (yechipiri hafu IV - kwemasikati I BC ...).

Zviya, Greece yekare haana rakabatana mamiriro pamwe zvachose miganhu uye guru. A nhamba maguta akazvimirira kuti vakarwa uye kukwikwidzana mumwe. Vakawanda inozivikanwa nemagariro nebudiriro yebudiriro ichi chakaitwa munguva yawo ichatonga zvine mbiri - the dzekare nguva, apo reAegean policies vakaumba sungano rinotungamirirwa Athens.

guta rokutanga Greek

zviuru zvitatu akapfuura pachitsuwa cheKrete aivapo pre-Greek vemo vane zvikuru dzakabudirira tsika. Vaiva ezvitendero zviduku, kunzwisisa enyika uye zvoupfumi kurongeka, seinäkartta mifananidzo, uye kunyange tsamba. izvi zvose kuvapa marudzi wokutanga vaGiriki - the Achaeans, wakati vakakunda uye wakafananidzwa ari Minoans.

First akakunda muBalkan Peninsula uye madzinza okurima nemakanzuru. Teaming noMweya pre-Greek nevanhu kuCrete, Achaeans chamuita kuti Mycenaean budiriro. Pano anotanga paumbwe Greek rudzi.

Mumireniyamu yechipiri BC kunge Mycenaeans aiva maguta avo (Mycenae, Atene, Tiryns, Orchomenus). Sezvazviri Minoans, nzvimbo dzavo dzakanga dzinoyevedza dzoushe. Asi, kusiyana rapfuura runyararo tsika guta Mycenaeans takapoteredzwa gobvu masvingo. Inside kwavari, avanotarisira kuva rimwezve rusvingo wakakomberedza mumuzinda uye Acropolis.

Pakarepo akazviratidza madzinza barbarous akabudirira kuparadza Mycenaean budiriro. Paiva vashoma veko (Ionians, Aeolians). Nechisimba vaGiriki, ivo Dorians uye madzinza kufanana chikakandwa kukura tsika kwemazana emakore akapfuura.

Wood uye madhaka dzimba chakatsiva aichimbova-nhurikidzwa mbiri dzoushe, hapana kutengeserana nomukadzi. Izvi zvaanopa simba hondo, piracy uye varanda. Mukuwedzera, vanacho vaita zvokurima uye mhuka minda, uye maguta Greek vanonyanyova akafanana mumisha.

Colonisation Great

Ari zvekare nguva nzanga rakakamurwa makirasi. Kuwedzera padanho zvokurima, rwokugadzira, uye simba rehondo. The guta anova inokosha ezvoupfumi, zvechitendero uye zvematongerwo enyika pakati. The VIII-VI CC. BC. e. kusimukira shipbuilding, uye nacho - zvokutengeserana zvinhu uye varanda.

Metropolis vanotanga kutumira colonists kutanga munyika itsva. On nemahombekombe Northern Sea Black, muMediterranean uye Asia Minor sevanhu enhare-mamiriro, kana mitemo. Saka unomuka Milet, colophon, Olviya (Ionians), Simina (Aeolians) Galikarnas, Hersonissos (dorijtsy). Greek budiriro pakugadzwa ano Rostov-na-Donu kusvika Marseille.

Colonisation kunosvika kazhinji murugare. Special munhu oykist, sarudza nzvimbo kunyika, izvozvo negotiates pamwe marudzi omunharaunda, kuitisa achinatsa tsika uye anoronga isa kugarwa.

Mitemo kazhinji riri pamahombekombe, pedyo kunwa mvura zvinyorwa. Mumwe mukuru dzekuziva kuti kusarudza nzvimbo yaiva zororo. Aifanira kupa dzinongoitika kuchengetedzwa, zviri zvinodiwa kupa chikomo kuti anobvumawo Acropolis.

Upenyu mutemo

On njodzi colonists kazhinji vakazvinyoresa vanhuwo vashandi, vasingagutsikane vatongi vemunharaunda-vadzvinyiriri. Munguva mapoka, matambudziko tsika dzedzinza hazvisi zvokuti palpable, kuti anobvumira kuwedzera kwete chete upfumi asiwo tsika. Nokukurumidza policies kuva rakabudirira ezvinhu ane upfumi ounyanzvi, mapurani uye rinoita nemagariro enyika upenyu.

guta Typical Greek yaigarwa kubva 5 kusvika 10 zviuru vanhu. Ndima yavo anofukidza 200 akaenzana mamita. ? km. policies zvikuru raiva nevanhu mazana maviri (Sparta Praha, Sparta). Viticulture, kugadzira mafuta, kurima ndihwo hwaro hwenyika uye misika achishandisa ita mutengano kana kutengeswa. Vagari yaisanganisira ainyanya varimi uye mhizha.

Mitemo vakanga democratic chinoda. At mwoyo vanhu yaiva veruzhinji. Munhu wose aiva nomunda sechivimbiso mitoro ayo mutemo. Nokurasikirwa panyika, akanga kunyimwa uye kodzero dzevanhu. Vagari Full (varume varwi), kupindira mune zvematongerwo enyika, zvakanga kusvika zviuru zviviri. Vamwe vagari (navatorwa, varanda, vakadzi, uye vana) varege kuvhota.

Planning mitemo

The policies kutanga vasina Chimiro zvakajeka uye marongerwo. maguta ekare echiGiriki dzakavakwa maererano mamiriro enzvimbo. Pamahombekombe, akasika chengarava kana chengarava. Mitemo kazhinji aiva "maviri-weDanho hurongwa." Riri pamusoro pechikomo Acropolis (yokumusoro guta) takapoteredzwa gobvu masvingo.

Munguva Acropolis vaiva chikuru netemberi uye sezvivako. In rezasi muguta wakaiswa dzimba dzokugara uye mumusika yaiungana - mumusika. Akashanda somuzinda upenyu enyika uye magariro. It chaimbova imba yedare, uye vanhu Council musangano, kuti kwema uye zvisarudzo vakagamuchira guta.

Munguva dzekare nguva policies inova enderana urongwa chakagadzirirwa Hippodamus. Residential nzvimbo uye migwagwa vanoumba grid pamwe masero rectangular kana dzakaenzana. Agora imba dziri kunoparirwa mukati muchitokisi. All zvinhu dzikarongwa kumativi rwakafara mumigwagwa akawanda. Kwemazana emakore, kuronga uku akatora sezvikonzero ari ezvivako New York uye mamwe maguta.

Mazita maguta Greek

Miganhu wenharaunda Greece yekare sei vazhinji kuitika kunyika Bulgaria, Ukraine, Italy nevamwe. Kubudirira guta raitongwa vagara matongo, uye mazita avo nezvikonzero dzezvematongerwo enyika, zvachinja.

Mazita Vaimbove vakachengeta guta ano Greek. Kusvikira zvino, ipapo Athens, Korinde, Thessaloniki, Halkida munyika. Mune dzimwe nyika, vari chete achinja zvishoma mazita, raitongwa Akragant kwakadaro Italy aiva Agrigento uye Gela - Gela. Muna Northern Sea Black mazita ano mumaguta echiGiriki zvava kwazvo vasamuziva.

Pasi apa ndizvo guta yechiGiriki yekare kweGungwa Dema, izvo vakachinja mazita avo. Muzvikomberedzo - mazita avo kuitika uye nzvimbo:

• Panticapaeum (Kerch, muCrimea);
• Kerkinitida (Yevpatoriya, muCrimea);
• Dioskuria (Sukhumi, Abhaziya);
• Hersonissos (pedo Sevastopol, muCrimea);
• Olbia (pedo Ochakov, Nikolaev nharaunda, Ukraine);
• Kafa (Feodosia, muCrimea).

Greece guta nhasi

Nhasi kuGreece, pane maguta 65. Vakawanda vavo vakanga nheyo pamberi munhambo yedu. Ndezvipi remasangano maguta ano reAtene, Thessaloniki uye Patra?

Athens - guta guru Greece, ayo chikuru zveupfumi uye netsika pakati. Uyu ndiwo rimwe remaguta ekare muEurope, kutaurwa kutanga yakatanga kusvika XVI remakore BC. Modern Atene anozivikanwa Zvivako kwete chete yekare, asiwo kwayo nyika-kirasi Nightlife, uye makuru zvitoro dzezvitoro. Nhasi, rakanga ichi musha vanhu vanenge mamiriyoni 4.

Thessaloniki - guta rechipiri yakakurumbira kudarika dzimwe munyika. Ndirwowo guta mukuru iyo munhu anogona kuona zvivako zvakawanda zvekare uye Byzantine nguva. Rizivikanwe Thessaloniki yaro yakawanda maindasitiri: simbi, Whitehead Textile, chikepe repair. Uye pano handicho yechipiri tichitarisa mukurima bhurure kuGreece.

Patras - chikuru guta Peloponnese rine vanhu vanenge zviuru 230 nevagari. It rakaumbwa muzana remakore rechitanhatu BC. Zvakanga pano kuti akafira kutenda rufu, Andrey Pervozvanny, umwe wevanegumi nevaviri vapostori vaKristu. Modern Patras - rinokosha nemagariro muzinda Southern Europe. chitubu ose, inoitwa yakakurumbira Patras Carnival.