Hove mhuri loaches (mufananidzo)

Loaches zviri kupararira munyika yose, asi vanoiswa. Ikoko vari Central Asia, Europe (kunze kuchamhembe), mu Africa uye kuSoutheast Asia. Creepers haawaniki Australia, America, muna nzizi kweArctic Ocean. Zvisinei, maonero tichingotarisira dzichitama, uye mamiriro ezvinhu aigona kuchinja.

Freshwater hove Russia vakarondedzerwa zvakadzama akakurumbira wemhuka uye popularizer remakore rechi19, LP Sabaneev. Personal tsika, mararamiro uye dzimwe dzakananga zviri loaches tinoziva kubva kubasa rake.

kupatsanura

Loaches akawanda boka carps. Uyewo, mhuri Rakakamurwa subfamilies zvitatu: vyunopodobnye, goltsopodobnye uye botsiepodobnye. By vyunopodobnym zvinosanganisira private loach, kusanganisira vakawanda kwakapararira munyika yedu - misi uye spined. Goltsopodobnyh ane anenge 15 genera; subfamily iyi kunoratidza mukuru "tikafungawo maonero evamwe": Vamwe nhengo dzeboka vanosarudza chando Fast ruchiyerera hova gomo, vamwe (bofu loach) - akamira mvura mumapako.

Botsiepodobnye creepers zvakapararira munyika Thailand, Indonesia uye Vietnam. Zviri munyika idzi akazoziva ekare vamiririri loaches. Botia uye leptobotsii anowanika Europe ive akwariyamu hove. The genus ndokwaJehovha Botsiev yakakurumbira chigure, iyo inogona kuwanikwa chero mhuka kuchitoro. Mhuri yose loaches hazvisi zvakare rakawanda, asi ichthyologists kuramba kuwana mhando itsva nanhasi.

General unhu

Loaches kurarama uye kufudza pedyo pasi. Nyaya iyi iri pakutsvaga nechitarisiko loach: nhengo dzose dzemhuri kuva miforo muviri, bruskovatoe kana ribbonlike, dzimwe nguva - zvishoma flattened musoro. Muromo loaches riri pasi. Dorsal zenze pfupi. Anorwisa zvinganaka kudzika chaizvo uye zvemapuranga kwazvo pamwe madzihwa chinodzivirira muviri kubva kukuvara loach. Zvisinei, pane hove kusimira zvakakwana. Eyes diki. Mune mamwe marudzi, ivo akafukidzwa ine läpinäkyvä ganda (zvakare, kudzivirirwa). Kunodiwa chizenga mumwe mumiririri mhuri - the tunonzwa. Pangave kubva 3 kusvika 6 nomwe. Nares loach vari elongated sepombi. Creepers uye Botia kunge podglaznye retractable yakatesvera panyanga dzacho. An jekiseni of Spike kunogona kukonzera kuzvimba. Podglazny Spike - pazera anobudirira mwero pamusoro magora.

Fish loaches mhuri haadi chiedza chinopenya uye kusashanda manheru. Uchitikurudzira creepers lethargic uye kuvanza (ichi haushandi chete nedzimwe loaches). nhengo dzakawanda dzemhuri vane propensity kuti kuvigwa madhaka kana jecha. Ikoko kwete chete chayabata pamusoro crustaceans diki uye mazana, asi mira kunze nguva yakaipa - zvakadai kwemvura.

Heino Misgurnus fossilis, kana zvakafanana muramba. Photo anopa pfungwa zvakanaka nzvimbo tactile ndebvu:

The inonyanya muramba

Misgurnus fossilis, anogara silty mumvura uye wetlands nzizi munyika dzakawanda dzokuEurope - yakakurumbira nhengo yemhuri. Sabaneev akanyora kuti varedzi Russian ivo zvikurukuru vakaregeredza nokuda diki kukura (anenge 25 cm), kunyange mune mamwe mapurovhinzi (semuenzaniso, Minsk), muramba akanga akakurumbira sezvo zvokudya zvinonaka uye nyore zvokubikisa muto. MuGermany, kwakasarudzwa kuti bika doro kana vhiniga. Uyewo loach waoma muchando.

Kutaura zvazviri, muramba kudzika kwete chete, asi kwete kunyanya anoyevedza: nayo wakafukidzwa madzihwa, uye vari vakatama kubva mumvura, mubishi wriggling uye squealing. All mhuri hove Cobitidae anokwanisa kufema mumhepo mhepo, kuzviunganidza pamuromo uye achipfuura Muchikamu rwemberi ura. Last, uye ndiko chikamu chezvinhu kufema zvomukati. Kana mhepo anoenda, zviri akanzwa chairo inzwi, sezvinoita svisvidza. Nokuda intestinal kufema chaizvo creepers ndivo musoro vanogona kurarama kupfuura pavhiki mugomo stale mvura, kana kuti kufukidza uswa. Naizvozvo, loach kakawanda munovachengeta ndisa sezvo hwambo nokuda guru hove: Catfish, burbot, Pike, muramba.

zvinonakidza

Kutaura zvazviri, muramba uye chaizvoizvo richinaka: nyama yayo dzamutswa, zara mafuta uye nokukurumidza zvabikwa. VokuAsia (Japanese uye vokuIndonesia) kwete chete mined, asi kunyange kubereka dzimwe mhando loaches zvokudya. In Europe uye loach loaches vanobatwa nenguva hwemusi (muzhizha) neriva (muchando). Fish loaches mhuri vanosarudza mhuka zvokudya: crustaceans diki, caddis mazana, mazai, nehonye uye molluscs. Sezvineiwo, muramba kuzvigona Umhutu (kana kuti, mazana avo): kana kuchera dziva pedyo neimba yake uye kugadzirisa loach yake, vanotambura kunetsa tumbuyu havachisiri zvakakodzera.

Uye pakupedzisira, kuti loach kushandiswa nevakawanda senzira chaicho. Ndiye chaizvo nehanya nokuchinja mumhepo kumanikidzwa: floats pemvura, makabuda mumvura, uye kazhinji vanoita restlessly, riri kujairika kwaari. Muramba anogona kunyange "kufembera," kudengenyeka kwenyika.

Zvigwenzi loaches mu aquariums

Muzana remakore rechi19, yakava mufashoni kuti hove pamba, ronga kuratidzira zvavakasangana nazvo. Varimi vakanga vabata misi rwizi hove uye anovarwira vachirarama muMoscow uye St. Petersburg. Zvisinei, sezvo imi munoziva, Russia Freshwater hove dziri vashoma. Aquarists vakaita zvakawanda zvakasiyana-siyana. Saka paiva kudiwa hove zvekumwe. Asi Asian creepers akazviratidza Russia muna yechipiri yezana remakore rechi20. Rokutanga vakanga akantoftalmusy (subfamily vyunopodobnye) uye Botia (subfamily botsiepodobnye). Kufanana nehanzvadzi dzavo European, "vokuAsia" akasiyana variegated coloring chinoratidza hove pasi. The inonyanya musiyano wezvinyorwa kwayo - mubatanidzwa yeyero uye dema (ndachena) makwapa kana mitsetse.

Heino randinenge akantoftalmus, wormlike mitsetse muramba. Photography haisi zvakanakisisa, asi zvose zviratidzo loaches (variegated ruvara, ndebvu, muviri chimiro, pfupi dorsal zenze) iripo:

Botsiya chigure

Hove Sora inozivikanwa kwazvo loaches - a botsiya chigure (sokuti zita kuti kutsanangurwa rakajeka, "anopa" mitsetse coloring uye chinjwa mutambi). The nzvimbo yechizvarirwo hove - muzvitsuwa Kalimantan uye Sumatra. chigure Body - zvisingatarisirwi pfupi, chiine nokuda loach, Avangard, pamwe mativi matsvuku zvimbi. Kazhinji, kureba haasi anopfuura 17 masendimita akafanana Clowns kunze South America Catfish, Corydoras -. Nokuda zvakafanana mararamiro.

loaches izvi vane tunonzwa uye podglazny nechiredzo, ivo omnivorous, vachifara uye rugare. Kunyange zvazvo hove idzi dzava kukwanisawo intestinal kufema, vari kupfuura European creepers, zvichienderana kuchena remvura saturation dzaro oxygen. Uyewo, havagoni kugadzirisa miganhu hove, hasha (semuenzaniso, cichlid), uye zvinodhaka kubata mhangura. Asi, loach chigure mukuru - hove vane mwero.