How kuisa kusimbisa rechiLatin?

Sezvo chikazozikamwa, mutauro echiLatin munyika yemazuva wakafa. Kureva, haritauri. Asi zvinhu zvose zvakaitika kuti mutauro uyu zvinowanzoshandiswa zvokurapa mazwi. Chero philologist uyewo haana kuita pasina ruzivo mutauro, dzinenge zvokutanga: kuverenga uye penmanship. Kusimbisa mumutauro wechiLatin - chimwe chezvinhu zvakaoma phonetic maitiro. Ndizvo nezvazvo, nyaya ino.

munhoroondo mutauro

mutauro Latin runobva kuna Indo-European mhuri. Iye anonzi pashure kurudzi Latins vaigara zviduku nharaunda Italy - Latium.

Latin vakava mutauro mukuru guru kuEurope uyewo North Africa, kweAsia. Muzana II remakore BC. e. pane yakawiriranwa vapfume wemitauro echiGiriki nechiLatin, nokuti iyi Greece yakakundwa neRoma. Zvinonzi chokuita chinokosha yakawanda chikwereti echiGiriki mashoko echiLatin uye nechiGiriki zvokurapa mazwi.

The mutauro Latin chinoramba kwainyanya nokuda hazvizivi pakusikwa mashoko itsva mushonga mumitauro yemazuva ano.

Mazana emakore ose Latin Europe yakaramba mutauro sayenzi tsika. guru yakawanda mabhuku pamusoro payo akasikwa (zvinyorwa, yebhaibheri, zvesayenzi uye dzouzivi akadhindwa, nhetembo).

Kugona kunyange zvishoma yazara Latin kosi kuchaita kuongorora nyore mutauro wekare Greek, uye kunzwisisa mashoko uye zvivakamutauro nemamiriro mutauro Latin kuchakubatsira kwazvo kudzidza Romance mumitauro (Spanish, French, Italian), uye German (German, Chirungu). Latin akanga kufurirwa uye Russian, umo mashoko ose Latinisms zhinji.

Latin akava hwaro kwezvisikwa zvose Romance mitauro. Uye mune mimwe mitauro yokuEurope hwapinda vazhinji mutauro Latin, kunyanya nemhaka sainzi, mushonga, tsika uye nhaka ungwaru.

The girama mutauro Latin zvakajeka, zvipfupi uye, vose zvavo, riripo nokuda kukurumidza kuitwa. Zviri anongoda mutauro chete munyika ine coherent uye anoruka girama yakadaro. Latin mazwi kwapararira munyika zvemutauro. mutauro uyu anovandudza mitauro pfungwa uye inoita kuti yakarurama zvikuru kutaura manzwiro avo uye pfungwa mururimi rwavo. Hazvishamisi zvose pfungwa huru emakore akapfuura yaisanganisira mutauro uyu chirongwa chavo dzidzo zvairayirwa.

Nhasi, dzidzo zvokurapa uye philological hazvibviri pasina kunzwisisa zvinokosha Latin. Kudzidza mumwe mutauro kwakakosha pakugadzirira nenyanzvi idzi.

Uye nzira dzavo, ivo tinotanga kunzwisisa phonetic zvigadziko, rimwe riri madudziro emazwi muchiLatin.

mitemo

Pakuurayiwa nokudzidza Latin haisi mutauro nyore huripo munyika. Asi nokuti iye haasi kurarama vatakuri. Kubva nemaonero wemitauro zviri nyore zvikuru, Chokwadi, kana ukachenjerera kutarisa zvose.

Tinogona kusiyanisa matatu chete mitemo madudziro emazwi muchiLatin:

1. In Latin madudziro emazwi haugoni kuiswa rokupedzisira mabhii.
2. Kunetseka weveta Penultimate mabhii, asi chete kana zviri refu; kana Penultimate pfupi, ipapo kuisa wechitatu kubva kumugumo.
3. Kusimbisa haana kupfeka rechitatu mabhii.

Ndizvozvo! vane mwero mitemo mitatu kuti zviri nyore kuyeuka. Asi kana vakati vaverenga, vanogona pakarepo kuva mibvunzo yakawanda. Somuenzaniso:

• Sei uwandu mabhii?
• Izvo zvinoreva refu mabhii?
• Ndeipi pfupi mabhii?
• Sei mabhii-muganhu?

Chaizvoizvo mibvunzo iyi, pane mhinduro nyore chaizvo.

Sei kuona kuwanda mabhii

Statement kushushikana mupfungwa mumutauro Latin kunobva manyorero. Chii Style? Ndiyo shoma chairema mutauro emashoko. Kureva, hazvina atakure zvazvinoreva, asi ingori mubatanidzwa mazwi akasiyana.

Sezvo mune mimwe mitauro yakawanda, nhamba mabhii muchiLatin, akatsunga nenhamba mavhawero pashoko. Asi kunewo diphthongs Latin, kureva, mubatanidzwa machemero maviri dzinosanganisira kuchinja kubva nzvanyira mumwe soundtypes. Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, vaviri mavhawero, kwete emakonzonendi kuparadzaniswa.

Izvi Chiitiko mitauro kunogona kuvhiringidza kana uchingotaura akatanga kudzidza mutauro. Asi diphthong ndomumwe mabhii, kunyange zvazvo ine mavhawero maviri.

Somuenzaniso, yegurokuro. In shoko iri, mabhii mana, ukuwo mavhawero shanu. Diphthong vakasuwa - ichi ndechimwe mabhii! By Fananidzo:

• auris - 2 mabhii diphthong au;
• vertebrae - 3 mabhii diphthong kwavatumwa;
• foetor - 2 mabhii, diphthong ndipo.

Sei mabhii-muganhu

Kuti tinzwisise sei mabhii-muganhu, unofanira internalize pfumbamwe mitemo yose. Ivo kuchabatsira kuti zvakarurama kuisa madudziro emazwi muchiLatin.

mabhii-muganhu:

1. Pakati mavhawero maviri (ari chiitiko kuti havafaniri kuumba diphthong). Somuenzaniso, Tu-a.
2. Pamberi chete nzvanyira. Somuenzaniso, Simi-rimwe (katsamba: chinoshanda kana nzvanyira asati haisi kukodzera qu).
3. Between maviri nemavara. Somuenzaniso, jus-Titus (kunze: wemishonga kunyarara (D, t, g, K , b, peji) kumeso (R, l).
4. Asati wemishonga "qu". Napriemr, Anti quus.
5. Pakati diphthong uye nzvanyira. Somuenzaniso, europae-neIkoniyumu.
6. Asati mubatanidzwa ikakuruma kumeso ruzha. Somuenzaniso, tene-brae.
7. Mukati boka matatu kana kupfuura consonants (vanoyeuka kuti wemishonga vakanyarara uye anotsvedzerera indivisible). Somuenzaniso, raiva Mons-trum.
8. Mushure chivakashure-chivakashure. Somuenzaniso, muna-structio.
9. Mushure tsamba "J", riri pakati mavhawero maviri. Somuenzaniso, pej-isu.

pfupi mabhii

On refu kana pfupi inzwi, zvisinei kwayo emashoko. Asi yekudyidzana kunokanganisa mitemo rakamiswa dzokuAustralia mumutauro wechiLatin.

Saka, mabhii anonzi pfupi:

• kana riri pamberi boka mavhawero. Somuenzaniso, atr Ini neIkoniyumu. Zvinokosha kuyeuka kuti nzvanyira pamberi nzvanyira anogara pfupi!
• kana akaisa pamberi "H" tsamba. Somuenzaniso, extr mumwe Ho.

Izvi mhando pfupi rinonzwika panzvimbo. Asi kunewo avo vane pfupi zvakasikwa. Kuti, kare vakanga mukaitwa refu (kunonakidza) mavhawero refu. Kazhinji vari akasarudzwa mukunyora Semi-denderedzwa "ngowani". Somuenzaniso, Vol U cre.

refu mabhii

Chokwadi, sezvo zvinoitika, hakusi nyore Latin ichi! The mupfungwa pakuti zvinhu zvakawanda. Kusanganisira Longitude uye pfupi mabhii, ayo kuvhura nokuvhara (kuyeuka kuti ane mabhii dzakazaruka chinoguma nenzira nzvanyira, akavharwa ane nzvanyira, sezvo mumutauro weRussia).

Saka, mabhii ari refu:

• kana chine diphthong (digraph). Somuenzaniso, crat kwavatumwa Gus.
• kana riri pamberi nzvanyira sumbu. Somuenzaniso, poto, e ntilla.
• kana papi pamberi rimwe nzvanyira "X" kana "z". Somuenzaniso, refl E xus.

Zvinokosha kuyeuka zvinotevera! Nzvanyira ane, b, R, t, D akabatana L, R haazoiti Longitude yakapfuura nzvanyira. Somuenzaniso, vert E bhurezha, Anh and drus . Dedicated Ruzha vane pfupi!

Kana inzwi Longitude (saka mabhii) anewo nhoroondo mapatani. Tsamba vari akaratidza pazasi. Somuenzaniso, ndine Tikiko.

homonyms

anonakidza uye anodzidzisa nyaya kudzidza Latin, zvichaita kukwidza chinonakidza kuti homonyms. Mitemo mutauro wokuRussia zvose vanoziva kuti mashoko akafanana ari chiperengo asi zvakasiyana nezvaanoreva. Asi mutauro unotaurwa vazhinji vokuRussia, zvose zviri pachena. Asi Latin anogona kuunza zvakawanda zvinoshamisa panyaya iyi.

Chokwadi chokuti urefu uye Kupfupika inzwi haina nguva dzose kuratidzwa pamusoro tsamba. In mutauro pane mashoko mazhinji, homonyms, izvo, zvichienderana yokuvira kunetseka vachinje lexical zvaanoreva.

Somuenzaniso, zvakaipa - zvakaipa (refu nzvanyira), M lum - apple (pfupi nzvanyira).

Kwete kuti chikanganiso zvose-kubva, unofanira kunzwisisa sei kuisa kumikidzo mumutauro wechiLatin, Longitude uye ruzha pfupi.

Ngationgororei zvimwe mazwi mashoma. Kana pane graphical notation pamusoro tsamba, kuti lexical zvinoreva shoko nyore kunzwisisa. Somuenzaniso,

• occ Ini this - kuuraya (zvinoratidzwa longitude);
• occ Ini this - kunodzikira (zvinoratidzwa Kupfupika).

Kana kuchengetedza zvomufananidzo ikoko, zvose zviri zvikuru kuoma.

Kunze kune mutemo

Stress muchiLatin nokuda vakawanda mitemo. Asi sezvo tinoziva, pane nguva dzose vamwe anosiyiwa kwavari. In Latin, vari kazhinji chokuita nemashoko vabva kunze, i.e., rakumbirwa. Vakawanda Mashoko aya anouya kubva mutauro wechiGiriki.

Ndivo mabhii wechipiri kubva kumagumo nzvanyira pamberi nzvanyira kwakasimbiswa. diphthongs mu latinization Greek ikava refu mavhawero. Somuenzaniso, Achillea (yarrow), giganteus (Giant).

Inotevera che kunze mashoko chokuita neologisms, mazita acho yaainge mumitauro yemazuva. Kakawanda, vanogona kuisawo kusimbiswa kwete zvavo mitemo.

mienzaniso

Zvino isu ongorora muudzame nenhungamiro inoshandiswa pakutsigira kuti madudziro emazwi muchiLatin. Mienzaniso kuchabatsira kunzwisisa zvose panyaya iyi yokupedzisira.

• B E NE - shoko rine mabhii maviri (nokuti mavhawero maviri), saka zvakamubaya wokutanga.
• A rma - nomusi ichocho.
• Nat nepfambi Ra - ndiro polysyllabic shoko (mabhii matatu, nokuti mavhawero matatu), mabhii wechipiri akazarurwa uye refu, saka kunetseka anowira pamusoro pake.
• P U blicus - kushushikana inowira pasi antepenult, sezvo mabhii wechipiri pfupi.
• Pot E ntia - shoko rine mabhii mana (mavhawero mana), kunetseka weveta mabhii rechitatu kubvira kumugumo, nekuti mabhii pamberi pake - pfupi.
• EUR O PA - shoko rine mabhii nhatu (wemishonga ndiro diphthong EU), chiri kusimbiswa rechipiri mabhii, nekuti yokupedzisira - pfupi uye akazaruka.