Ilia Chavchavadze: zvinonakidza oupenyu zvinhu

Chavchavadze Ilya Grigorevich - munyori yechiGeorgian, nyanduri, muchinda, shasha youchangamire National kuzvitonga. Muna 1987 akaremekedzwa somusande neChechi yeOrthodox. Muchiitiko chino, rinonzi naMweya Ilia Kwevakarurama. Pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi20 zvaionekwa yakakurumbira Chavchavadze Georgian National nhamba. Nyaya ino kuuya ake pfupi Biography. Rega kutanga.

Ilia Chavchavadze: zvematongerwo enyika

The gamba ino dzidzo pamutemo panguva St. Petersburg University. Asi aifanira kuenda kubva chikoro jaya nokuda "mudzidzi munhoroondo" muna 1861.

Pakutanga 1864, Ilia Chavchavadze akagadzwa mubatsiri kuna Gavhuna-General, uye akaenda parwendo kuna Kutaisi province. Muchinda chaiva kuona mafungiro vanhuwo zvavo uye landlords.

Makore mana akazotevera Chavchavadze akataura murevereri runyararo munyika Tiflis province. Naiyewo aishanda ari mutongi ari County ichi kusvikira 1874. Uyezve, Eriya akatungamirira kupararira kuverenga pakati vanhu vanhu rokuGeorgia. Muna 1906, mudetembi akasarudzwa nhengo State Council of kwamachinda. Muupenyu hwake rezvematongerwe kurwira kuzvionera rokuGeorgia. Panyaya iyi pamusoro muchinda akaita nhengo RSDLP, uye zviremera yeRussian Empire.

wokuurayira

Pakapera August 1907, Ilia Chavchavadze, ane basa uye kunzi pazasi, akanga achienda nomudzimai wake Olga. Couple achikwira pachena ngoro kubva Tbilisi kuna Saguramo. Pedo zvavo vanorega bhendi Tsitsamuri Gigla Berbichashvili (Imeretia, Ivan Inashvili, Pavle Aptsiauri, George Khizanishvili). Nhengo imwe neimwe muchikwata aiva nezvombo. Chavchavadze akatendeukira muchikwata: ". Regai kupfura, ndiri Ilya" Gigla akapindura: "Ndokusaka tichifanira vanomanikidzwa kuvhura moto." Pashure paizvozvo, paiva kurira vapfurwa.

Vakhtang Giruli mubhuku rake rinonzi akataura maonero umwe wenyanzvi mukuru nguva inonzi Iashvili. Kwenguva kunyange zvazvo akanga asiri pathologist uye musayendisiti forensic, asi kubatanidzwa Data ari pamutemo hwomukova chiito. Maererano Iashvili akapfura akanga akaita kwete pamberi uye neshure. Kureva moto rakazaruka pamakanga makavandira rechipiri, izvo havana kunyange kuziva chikwata Berbichashvili.

mutongo

Vanhu vakawanda vanodavira kuti Chavchavadze umhondi haina kugadziriswa zvachose. Berbichashvili chikwata nhengo akaruramiswa varombo mamiriro zvombo zvavo, uye akataura mudare kuti "vakaenda woga." Vari kuramba kuvapo mutengi. Chirikadzi Nyanduri akakumbira dare kuti aponese upenyu makororo, uye nokudaro kukudza kuyeuka wake. Asi, nemijenya "Stolypin kuti dare", kuti chikwata (kunze kupukunyuka Imeretia) akaurayiwa.

shanduro

Pari, vamwe vanyori vasiri kuziva mutauro vokuGeorgia uye nhoroondo, maererano Prince nevaurayi Bolshevik (Russian). Somuenzaniso, maererano Professor Anna Geifman, Ilia Chavchavadze vakananga vezvourudzi akatungamirira hondo kuzorwa Socialist-Democrats. Wokupedzisira akatungamirira Bolshevik Kuvshinov Makharadze. Akanga asiri kufara uchitsoropodzwa purogiramu nomusi chikamu muchinda. Izvi vasanyanya zvikuru enyika nzvimbo Bolsheviks. Geifman Chavchavadze vaiona chikuru chinokonzera kupondwa rake guru kukurumbira somunhu uye munyori. Anna ichi zvose vakatakura uye enyika basa Ilya G. kufunga kuti akaenda vanhuwo zvavo kubva yakakura gutsaruzhinji.

Chokwadi ichi hachisi chokwadi. Kana muzvinafundo aiziva nhoroondo Georgia, ndingadai ndisina vakaita yakakanganiswa mhedziso zvakadaro. Chekutanga, nyika vezvourudzi panguva inonzi vatsigiri kwete Chavchavadze uye nemuvengi wake Nikoladze. Chechipiri, kuti Democrats Socialist havana kugoverana paaiva Mensheviks uye Bolsheviks. Chechitatu, bato Ilya G. akanga shoma uye havana kuwana sarudzo.

Paivawo dzimwe shanduro. Somuenzaniso, Social Democrats vaiona murongi kupondwa epachivande. Chinangwa Nyanduri akaita Anti-hurumende chinzvimbo chayo kutamburira abolition rufu mutongo.

zvisikwa

1857 - gore rino, apo akatanga kubudisa mabasa ake Ilia Chavchavadze. nhetembo mudetembi wacho aonekwa mumabhuku akasiyana-siyana: pepanhau "Droeba" magazini "Tsiskari", yakavambwa naye "Sakartvelos Moambe", etc. Asi yakakurumbira nhetembo Prince:. "Amai Mwanakomana", "kabhini Fever," "Dmitry Samopozhertvovatel", "Ghost", "The pechiitiko paupenyu namakororo" Uyewo Chavchavadze akanyora enganonyorwa akadai "pamatanda", "Christmas nyaya", "wokumwe nyaya", "Tsamba mufambi", "Story ane mupemhi", "Katsia-Adamiani" uye vamwe.

Mumakore upenyu Ilya G. akashandurirwa Russian vanoverengeka nhetembo dzake. Kana nhetembo, vaverengi Russian aigona kuverenga chete ne "kabhini Fever". Nenzira, vose nhetembo muupenyu hwake Chavchavadze, akashandurirwa Russian, dzakatorwa ari oga muunganidzwa. Mashoko kubva dzakabudiswa muna "Bulletin of Europe", "Pictorial Review", etc.

Translations

Ilya Chavchavadze kushandurirwa zvizvarwa mutauro Goethe, Schiller, Heine, Turgenev, Lermontov uye Pushkin. Nechaakatipawo izvi pamwe nevamwe vanyori. Somuenzaniso, pamwe Ivan Machabeli akashandurirwa yechiGeorgian "Mambo Lear."

Public mudziviriri

Ilia Chavchavadze aiva internationalist. Kwemakore akawanda akatsigira rusarura pamusoro Armenian nevanhu Georgia. Dzimwe nguva aifanira pangozi nokuda hwavo. Asi nyanduri achiona Georgians vakabatana proletarian rudzi, uye machinda - Revolutionary Vanguard. Pasinei chokwadi kuti Chavchavadze Tbilisi inotungamirirwa nyika pamahombekombe, iyewo ndowenyika proletarians pachavo, muimbire pachavo okugadzira zvinhu zvavo. Uyewo, Ilya G. akarwa Armenian, Ossetian, Russian, Turkish, etc. bourgeoisie. Muna 1902 akabudisa nyaya yake "The glaring matombo uye masayendisiti Armenian" mushandurudzo Russian. Aita yakawanda ruzha. Maererano neizvi Anti-gamba ino akaita kwete Armenian bourgeoisie, asi vakasiya-bapiro Social Democrats.

Stalin pamusoro nyanduri

Mumakore 1895-1896 Ilia Chavchavadze, ane Biography rinotaurwa kumusoro, akatungamirira magazini "Iveria". Ikoko rakabudiswa nhetembo nomwe Nyanduri Soso. Young Stalin akanyora pasi rekunyepedzera ichi paaiva museminari. basa Chavchavadze kwakaita aiva simba guru yemberi musoro Soviet Union. Stalin, dzimwe Reservations, zvakare, vakatenda vanhu vake vakabatana proletarian rudzi. chinyorwa yake pamusoro kusimbisa kirasi kutamburira sezvo veMubatanidzwa komiyunizimu uye gutsaruzhinji rwakapararira zvose asi Georgians. Mubvunzurudzo pamwe firimu mukuru Michael Chaureliya, Stalin akadana Chavchavadze chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha vanyori kwezana navapfumbamwe uye emakore maviri.

ndangariro

• Mune USSR, zita gamba ino akatapa Batumi State Drama Theater.
• G. Image Ilia akaisa gel 20 (Georgia bhiri).
• Muna 1958, Hofisi yePosvo yakabudisa chitambi vakazvipira Chavchavadze.
• zita mudetembi akapiwa paYunivhesiti Culture uye mitauro Western Europe.
• Chirangaridzo miziyamu publicist akazarura mumusha Kvareli (1937), munda Ilya G. akadana Saguramo (1951) uye Tbilisi (1957).