Ndivanaani naanamai namachinda?

Mumazuva iwayo, kana machinda akatonga Rus ', iro kwaita ropafadzo strata - kwamachinda uye boyars' Estates - chinhu dzinongoitika muitiro. Pakutanga, vamiririri vavo dzaiwanzova pemauto. Common vose makirasi aiva kuti zvaiva denderedzwa vaya vakawanda vachivimba muchinda, uye vaigona kuvimba. Asi havasi vose anonzwisisawo vakuru, uye sei akasiyana kubva boyars.

kuti chidzoke mukirasi

Kubva asara kubva kare Data angataura kuti nucleation boyar kirasi inowira pamusoro 9 remakore. Akatevera matanhatu emakore, chinobatanidza aitungamirira zvepamusoro feudal muvanhu.

Nhoroondo gwaro "Laurentian Chronicle" anowanikwa rokuti akadai 'kwamachinda'. Vanonzi Birch omuti, rinoumbwa vanenge 12-13 CC., Akapa rondedzero yakatodzama ani naanamai izvi.

Vanhu ava ndivanaani?

Sezvo sumo kwayo kumugumo remakore rechi12 paiva mutemo: muchinda akatora mutongo, uyo ari ake ezvinhu anogona kupfeka honorary wenyaya "ishe". muchinda akadaro rombo Akafudzisa basa wehondo yake. Boyar wo kupiwa mukana dzokurasa nyika iyo akava pfuma, nhaka sezvo, saka kutaura, hondo mukombe Prince.

Zvichienderana chinzvimbo chepamusoro, uye simba pamusoro boyars vakanga vakakamurwa kuva mapoka maviri:

• akapfuma chaizvo - mukuru boyars;
• zvishoma zvakanaka - vamiririri gotwe squads.

Wokutanga inopiwa pachavo nehondo diki - varwi pane vanowanzoororwa kukanganisirwa, kukwikwidzana mumwe nomumwe uye kunyange nomuchinda. Makurukota nechinzvimbo chepamusoro Most ugare Duma. Muchinda akamanikidzwa kuteerera pfungwa dzavo zvichirema, kana mubvunzo National kukosha kana litigation. Prince akaonga boyars uye vakuru, asi ivo vari kugara asatenderwe mumwe.

Vakuru vaduku uye Knights vana neMutungamiriri Prince iri siyana zvinokosha zvinzvimbo: falconer, murume, wepfuma, mutariri, mudiri, etc. Munguva kugamuchira mari - "kupa mu" ...

Shoko rokuti "jendurumani" Zviripachena chokuita basa panguva kwomuchinda dare, ndiko kuita zvose zvemarudzi mirayiro muchiuto, mari kana zvoupfumi chikamu. mumiririri uyu zvakanaka kumunetsa mudiki squads. Somubayiro basa rokutendeka uye noumhare pakurwa wamambo agamuchira chimedu nyika vanhuwo zvavo. Kubvira muzana remakore rechi15 anokudzwa rokuremekedza anova nhaka. Panguva iyoyowo kuna kushandisa nyika ndokupfuura venhaka. Ndivanaani vakuru, kudzidza kusekondari.

Nevaikudzwa yavatezvara yokurasikirwa chikuru nzvimbo muzana remakore rechi17. Kutanga izvi vaiva kuchinja Peter I. Mukupesana, makurukota vakapiwa mamwe ropafadzo nokuda Manifesto Petro III uye Catherine kuverenga uye kunyora, ukuwo, muna 1762 uye 1785, ukuwo.

Zvinoita zviri pakati boyars uye vanokudzwa

Kwamachinda rechi17, vane chinzvimbo chinokosha sezvo boyars kirasi anorasikirwa nzvimbo yaro. Asi, pasinei ichi, zvinokosha kuziva kusiyana kubva kuvakuru pakati boyars:

1. Boyars kuenzaniswa guru feudal madzishe. Ivo vaiva nyika, iyo aifanira kuva nhaka. Makurukota vaishumira muchinda kana mukuru Boyar pamberi remakore rechi14 akanga asina kodzero dzakadaro.
2. Kana tenzi akasununguka kusarudza kushumira Prince, ari wamambo kwaibva kuda muridzi.
3. boyars refu yenguva akaita basa rinokosha munzvimbo zvenyika, apo vakuru mukana akasvika accession pamusoro Petra Velikogo.

Kubva nyaya, iwe wakadzidza uyo vakuru, uye chii nzvimbo ivo achiitei munguva yaitonga namachinda uye madzimambo.