India zvinokwezva munyika. India: Interesting Facts

Wanda uye zvinoshamisa India ... Nechepakati nzvimbo paiva mumwe mukuru kwenzanga yakatanga chiBuddha, chiJain, Sikhism uye chiHindu. Munyaya ino tichakurukura nemamiriro nyika ino. Ngationei National-miganhu weboka India, uyewo kutaurira pamusoro huru zvinokwezva uye mitambo.

The Republic of India. Government mhando

India yava refu vakakurwirai kwavo rusununguko, kuva British nyika. Panyaya iyi, mubvunzo kazhinji unomuka: "India - namambo kana zvokuvhoterwa?". Oshimi ari XVIII remakore, nyika yawana rusununguko chete muna 1947. Kubvira ipapo, hurumende yakaita mutemo democratic kukura uye kushingaira kusimudzira nyika yose.

India - Republic, mumwe yeUnited mamiriro, izvo kunorondedzerwa mubumbiro somunhu anotonga mugovanisi yokunyika Democratic Republic. At musoro wehurumende ndiyo purezidhendi. India - a yeparamende zvokuvhoterwa pamwe makamuri maviri, inomiririra Rajya Sabha (yepamusoro imba) uye vanhu Chamber (nechepazasi imba).

The inoti uye kundima dziri nyika-miganhu weboka Republic of India. Saka, muna mamiriro pane 29 inotaura kuti vane zvavo Executive uye zvemitemo masimba. National-miganhu weboka India, kunorevawo kuvapo nenharaunda. Total muzvinhu nyika 7 kuti vari chaizvoizvo nenharaunda matanhatu uye mumwe Capital Territory pamusoro Delhi. Ivo zvinodzorwa nechepakati hurumende India.

Population norurimi India

The Republic of India, ane vakawanda mumwe-muzvitanhatu vepasi, mumwe kupfuura yetsika marudzi. Pane vanhu vanenge mabhiriyoni 1.30, uye vatsvakurudzi kufanotaura kuti nokukurumidza zvandapamba China pauwandu.

Hindi ndiwo mutauro yenyika uye rakajairika, zvinonzi inotaurwa anopfuura 40% vemo. Other mitauro mukurumbira vari Chirungu, Punjabi, Urdu, gundzharti, Bengali, Telugu, Kannada, uye zvichingodaro .. Mune Indian inoti vane mitauro yavo pamutemo.

Most vemo vanozviti ChiHindu (anenge 80%) munzvimbo yechipiri pamusoro hwakapararira inomira Islam, ipapo chitendero yechiKristu, Sikhism uye chiBuddha.

MuIndia, imwe urovha unodiwa. Kana mabhiriyoni-shamisa vagari zvemari vanoshingaira vanhu mamiriyoni 500 chete zvinenge 70% ndivo zvokurima uye miti, uye vanoda kusvika hafu yevanhu vanogara mumaguta, basa iri basa zvekutepfenyura.

Ancient mamiriro uye vanhu

Protogosudarstva akaumba kuIndia kunyange ini mumireniyamu BC, pakupedzisira ndura kuva nechivimbo hurumende idzodzo ane monarchical hurongwa hurumende. Zvisinei, pamwe poumambo mashoko siyana uye kakawanda aitaura yakafanana kuvapo reRepublic of India.

Republic of India yekare dzimwe nguva anonzi Kshatriya kana oligarchic zvokuvhoterwa. Kazhinji akarwa monarchies rokutonga simba. Power muna Republic haana nhaka uye akasarudzwa vatongi vaigona kufamba, kana kuti kusagutsikana basa ravo.

Kunyange ipapo, ari chinoda kwave pasocial weboka vanhu kupinda vemapoka, kusiya yakadzika zvakakanganwika munhoroondo mamiriro, India (mumisha vachiri vanhu vakaderera nokupesana yave zvabatwa). Ropafadzo mukuru muvanhu vaiva vamiririri oligarchy, vaitakura wenyaya "Raja". Yaiva zvakaitika inganzi tsika chitsvene chinokosha zvakafanira vawane rokuremekedza.

Sezvineiwo, inonyanya vanhu vakaderera Brahmins pakutanga vaiona - vafundisi. In monarchies, tsika kuripo. Kshatriyas chete - zviri masoja, nevarindi, uye mutsika dzose, kazhinji vakatora wechipiri, kana asina wechitatu, pashure varemekedzwa. Munguva yekare Indian Kshatriyas chinoda mutsimba Brahmins kutonga kwavo, uye dzimwe nguva akavamanikidza kuti vazviise Brahmins.

Indian vanhu vakaderera

Contemporary Indian vanhu vachiri kukudza tsika dzakare. Akapararira kare evanhu kupesana unoshanda nhasi. Vagari India inozviisa zvemasanga mitemo kuti ushandiswe yoga nerimwe vanhu vakaderera, zvino dzinonzi Varna.

MuIndia, pane mana makuru vemapoka. The soro sandara, sapamazuva monarchies yekare, utore Brahmans. Kare, vaiva vapristi, uye ikozvino kudzidzisa mumakereke, vakazvipira kukura mumudzimu uye kudzidzisa vanhu. Havagoni kuita basa uye vane zvokudya, kuva mumwe vanhu vakaderera kuvanhu.

Kshatriyas muri danho pazasi. Kazhinji anogara administrative zvepamusoro kana kufambidzana zvehondo pachavo. Women pamusoro vanhu vakaderera ichi chinorambidzwa kuroorwa munhu pasi chinzvimbo. Men, kurambidza uku haasi kushanda.

Vaishya vagara varimi uye vatengesi. Mumazuva ano Indian muvanhu, naivowo akachinja basa. Zvino Vaishya vangarega nzvimbo chokuita mari.

Basa kupfuura tsvina nguva dzose akasara Sudras. Kazhinji, yakanga vanhuwo zvavo uye varanda. Zvino ndivo varombo chidimbu chavagari vanogara muzvitangwena.

Imwe vanhu vakaderera inonzi "untouchables", izvo zvinosanganisira zvose Rogue. Ivo, pamusoro zvinzvimbo, kunyange kuvatumwa Sudras. Untouchables, atova mukati vanhu vakaderera, akakamurwa mapoka. Somuenzaniso, pane boka rinosanganisira ngochani, bisexuals, hermaphrodites. vanhu vakadaro kazhinji kuvaraidza vanhu vemamwe vemapoka mitambo siyana.

The chete vanhu hamuzi chero vanhu vakaderera uye zvechokwadi vaiona vatadzi - pariah - vaya vakaberekwa vanhu vanobva vemapoka akasiyana. Havabvumirwi azviise zvitoro, musi mabhazi.

The Republic of India Attractions

The yakakurumbira nzvimbo zvechokwadi ndiyo Taj Mahal - machena mausoleum, izvo, maererano nengano, mutongi Indian yakavakwa pakuyeuka mudzimai wake waaida. White nzvimbo dzinovhiringidza mapatani, masvingo yakashongedzwa nemabwe anokosha uye mifananidzo, paki pamwe zvinoshamisa maberere mbiru.

Zvisinei, ichi hachisi zvose anozvikudza reRepublic of India. Attractions vanosanganisira vose munyika mapurani hurongwa siyana uye runako. Somuenzaniso, Dudhsagar mapopoma, izvo vaiona pakukura India. It riri mujinga mezvikomo of Western Ghats uye akapoteredzwa nemamwe nharaunda.

maguta Indian uyewo kupa zvakawanda mubereko. In Delhi pane rusvingo Red Fort, yakavakwa chaiyo manyorerwo akateya nheyo Mughal mapurani.

In Mumbai, unogona vachidzungaira kuburikidza pamisasa Bollywood - nzvimbo inokosha Indian firimu indasitiri. Mumigwagwa "guta vaaleanpunainen" pamusoro Jaipur unogona kufamba. Heino muzinda Maharaja uye Fort Amber.

Muguta Calcutta, kunze yakakurumbira kali tembere ndicho chikamu chikuru Zoo muIndia uye Indian Museum.

zvisaririra vekare

Zvivako zhinji yakanga yakavakwa kare kusati kwatombova yazvino Republic of India. stupa rokutanga renyika riri muna Madhya Pradesh. Sanchi stupa akavaka kare III remakore BC, vamwe stupas dzakavakwa pamusoro mufananidzo wake. A stupa ndiyo shongwe yepakutangatanga yechiBhudha mapurani, zvose zvayo dzokufananidzira. The nheyo dzenyika uye vanhu uye hemisphere - vamwari.

Pakati zvinokwezva ndivo yekare bako mutemberi muna Maharashtra. Ivo zvokutemerwa kwemazana emakore nokuda mamongi yechiBhudha, kubvira II remakore BC. In Ellora ndiye ibwe mumapako anenge 30.

Hampi kutemberi nzvimbo kuguta rekare Vijayanagara, rinotaurwa nezvaro "Ramayana" - yekare Indian yakakura. Iyi nzvimbo zvinowanzooneka akataura kuti vabve muguta. Temple uye Parizvino unoshanda. Zvinonzi rakavakwa pakati makomo marefu, zvinosanganisira hombe boulders. Maererano nengano mabwe pano sketched mwari Hanuman ari tsoko.

Old guta Gokarna ndiyo chete mugwagwa mumwe apo zvinenge zvose yemapuranga dzimba. VaHindu vanodavira kuti muguta rino mwari Shiva amuka muura panyika pashure pokunge kudzingwa, saka dzvene.

Kudeuka vemunharaunda wechiBuddha iri dzinonzi Little Tibet. Kune zvitatu temberi dzechiBuddha uye vaviri dzemamongi. Chero mufambi inowanika, saka unogona kuona basa ravo pachavo maziso. The Little Tibet chinhu Tibetan kumusika uye nekobiri rwokugadzira, apo unogona kubatanawo kugadzirwa nemakapeti.

Temberi uye makuva

Chimwe chinofadza zvikuru zvinokwezva India ndivo pamakuva uye temberi. Neguva Humayun haina yakashongedzwa nemabwe anokosha, mukusiyana kune apa ainzi mausoleum, asi ndiko kumumvuri. It riri mu Delhi uye muenzaniso Mogul mapurani.

The Shrine Itemad-ud-Daula uye mikuru runako. Zviri chivako quadrangular, riri pamusoro diki nechigadziko. Mumwe pakona shongedza Arch kusvika 13 mamita dzakakwirira. On the machena pamadziro tichibatsirwa mabwe Semi-anokosha akaitwa kunze mifananidzo yakasiyana.

Temple Harmandir Va uyewo haana kufuratirwa. It rakavakwa kare XVI remakore uye zvino nzvimbo dzainamatirwa vaSikh. anotungamirira A kakamani- zvakananga musimboti mudhamu rakagadzirwa riripi Temple Golden. It runopoteredza nyanza muzvivako gumi nevaviri, achiumba pamwe nechechi panzvimbo huru mapurani kunzwisisa.

Virupaksha temberi South India Mikoko munenge VII remakore. Haasi chivakwa rimwe, uye makuru temberi. Neshongwe ine temberi huru 9 nhanho uye vanosimuka 50 mamita. Pedyo muchawana tsvene uye nhandare nembiru. Munzvimbo ino nguva dzose chinokwezva vafambi uye vafambi kuziva. Kunyanya kunakidza pano munguva yemitambo siyana, dzakadai mutambo womuchato Virupaksha uye Pampa.

mumadhorobha muzvitangwena

Mushure kushanyira Taj Mahal zvamazvirokwazvo kusingabviri kunomhangara kuti akanga muIndia, kuti zvose chete rumwe upenyu munyika ino. Mhiri kwakavanzarikwa muzvitangwena maguta mikuru India. nzvimbo idzi zvakagadzirirwa upenyu varombo uye akararama pano mamiriyoni anoverengeka vanhu.

Dharavi slum muna Mumbai, akanga dzaimboonekwa makuru munyika. Kune zvipatara, zvikoro uye dzinogarwa kwakavakirwa anosvika 10 mativi mamita. m., musha dzimwe nguva kusvika vanhu 20. The varombo Vagari vanogara mumatende. MaIndia havasi utsanana chaizvo - marara akandwe mumugwagwa, rakatevera kunzvimbo yokugara. Zvisinei, vamwe, edza kuti zvichengetedze nokugara nokugeza uye kuchenesa kunyange mudzimba.

General maonero muzvitangwena achiri anomirira resimbi multi-storey dzimba, plywood, kanivhasi jira anorembera achiedza pave akatodzana pokugara, uye ungwandangwanda. mabasa All, kubva kubika kuti pakushambwa rinoitwa ari slum mumugwagwa. Dzimba akagadzirirwa kurara. The tsvina yakadururirwa mugomba zvikuru vakapakata nemvura.

Vanoda kunoshamisa zororo vari munzvimbo yakadaro wakajeka chaizvo uye mavara. Zvisinei, munguva ichangopfuura, ari slum munzvimbo vachishingaira pasi kuvakwa, uye anogona nokukurumidza kubva chandisingafi iyi India.

Mazororo uye Mitambo

Maererano nemakambani nyika, apo vakawanda mazororo echitendero, kunze ikoko vane National kukosha mazororo: Republic Day, Independence Day uye Gandhi zuva rokuberekwa. Pazuva reRepublic of India (ona pazasi mufananidzo) yakati kuitwa 26 January 1950 reMitemo, iro rinoratidza chokupedzisira kusunungurwa kubva kuBritain.

gore rimwe nerimwe kuIndia vanopemberera zororo racho, yakatsaurirwa kuna River Ganges - Ganga Mahotsava. Muna November, guta Varanasi riri vakagarwa, pamahombekombe vatsvene rwizi vanhu vanoungana kuti kugeza mairi. Local kuimba acho nziyo nokutamba. Chiitiko chikuru ndiko kushanda rwizi anopenya nemwenje. Usati kuti, unofanira kuita, vanokundikana uye kana mwenje kuchapisa kwenguva refu, zvino kuva nechokwadi kuita vamwari yakavanzwa.

Diwali - nderimwe yezororo reRepublic of India. The guta panguva ino vakazara chiedza, izvo, maererano netsika, unofanira kukunda zvakaipa uye zvakaipa nemhanza. Kwose anotungidza mwenje, nezvishongo, makenduru, nziyo uye munyaya ruzha mitambo.

Mutambo uyu Spring - Holi - vakapemberera kutanga March uye kunotora mazuva mashanu. Panguva ino, kupisira effigy Kholiki, uye pazuva rechipiri ndidire pamusoro dzimwe upfu mumwe yechitema uye nezvinonhuhwira, ugodira zvemachira mvura, achida mufaro.

dzinonakidza zvinhu

• Chero zvitinakire zvainoreva uye aina omunzvimbo mari hakubvumidzwi nemutemo.
• With vose vazhinji, India pokutanga kutanga munyika kwenhamba pamuviri.
• nyika iyi ndiyo tateguru wechesi, nemasvomhu uye geometry. The zita "wechesi" kwokutanga kwainge "chaturanga" uye kushandurwa sezvo mana chinzvimbo mauto.
• Nhamba romukova mahofisi pano kupfuura kumwe munyika. Izvi zvinoshamisa, nokuti slum vanogara havatombowani kero.
• Akazviratidza anenge 3 zviuru zvemakore akapfuura, Ayur Veda anonzi yokutanga munhoroondo kuchikoro dzokurapa pane vanhu.
• Navigation akazviratidza muna India makore anopfuura 6000 akapfuura.
• MuIndia, "kusangana mbatya," uye vakaperekedza zvakare. Zvarinotaura pamusoro evanhu stratum uko munhu ndohwavo. Hunokosha jira manyorerwo uye kunyange ruvara. Vakadzi kugadzirwa musoro kunokoshawo.
• The nyika ine anenge 1,500 tumitauro emitauro yakasiyana siyana.
• Kusvikira munenge muna 1960 mu India vaibvumirwa kushandisa mbanje.
• Kamwe Indian Micheka lightweight akakunda eRoma. Vakatosvika ichienzaniswa nemhepo. Rakanga wokutanga donje micheka munyika.
• Freddie Mercury aiva Indian midzi.
• Asati pasi Britain uye kuva Colony wayo, India ane imwe vakapfuma nyika munyika. Ndokusaka vafambisi akarota kuwana nzira dzake gungwa.
• Kana Indian rinodederesa kunze musoro wake, sezvo kana vachikuzvidzai, musafunganya, nokuti chokunyengetera. atenderwa.
• Most Indian Restaurants kana cafes vane Muterere, vashanyi kazhinji wakavatenga refu akajairwa ndiro.
• Kana pasina nzvimbo iri chitima, vanhu vanokwira pamusoro echiShinto zvakagadzirirwa mukwende.
• Vazhinji inoti vatora pasi, kwete nekuda urombo, chete tsika.
• Kumbh Mela - ndiro zororo rechitendero rinopembererwa mu India kamwe chete mumakore 12.
• Kutaura zita wake paruzhinji anonzi kunyatsoti vanoremekedzwa, saka shandisa siyana zvisina kunanga siyana "ona", "ona", uye zvichingodaro. D.

mhedziso

India - a yeUnited zvokuvhoterwa rakakamurwa inoti nenharaunda. Izvi zvikurukuru dzinonakidza uye isinganzwisisiki nyika. Vashanyi vanoshanyira vakapfuma temberi uye pamakuva, uye muzvitangwena, varombo vanhu vanogara mudzimba chinochechenya zvakagadzirwa plywood. Vapfumi Nhoroondo unoratidzwa nenzira nokururamisira zvakanaka akachengetedzwa netemberi dzakatsaurirwa kuna zvitendero zvakasiyana. Ezviuru kuuya pano uone dzinoyera yekare, vafambi vaitarisira kubata zvakapfuura. Gore negore kunewo yainakidza uye yakajeka mazororo uye nemitambo, azere vezviedza, nokupembera uye chevarwere mumhanzi, Chokwadi, vachitsigirwa ne ngano.