Investment: asi inivhesitimendi multiplier. The multiplier mugumisiro upfumi

Kunwa chinhu chinonyanya kukosha chezvinonhuwira yose mari kuti vanhu. Pasi pfungwa iyi, kunzwisisa mari chavagari akashandisa kutenga zvinhu uye mabasa chokupedzisira rinodyiwa. Padanho nevatengi kushandisa kufurirwa zvinhu zvakawanda. Mumwe avo ndiyo pfuma. mari multiplier chinhu coefficient izvo zvinoratidza shanduko iri chakakomba chigadzirwa navo.

Wokutanga multiplier fomura

Keynes akasungirirwa Tsanangudzo shoma propensity kuti upise pamwe multiplier dzidziso. Pfungwa yake akasikwa Purofesa Robert Kahn muna 1931. Aidavira kuti mari (eg pachena mabasa) vari kutanga kuumba "chikuru" basa, uyewo chikonzero ari rokutenga simba vashandi namapoka zvinobatanidzwa Implementation basa iri. Ivo akaumba mumwe kurayira idzva, kuva tsime "yechipiri" basa.

Panyaya iyi, vatsva mari vachava nenzvimbo chete chikamu mari yevashandi uye makambani, uye vanosara mari zvaachaitawo nokuda kwokuripirwa zvikwereti kana wakaiswa padivi. Maererano Kahn, ari multiplier kunoenderana ukuru mari yakawandisa danho idzva rimwe nerimwe. Nokudaro, mubhizimisi multiplier rakanga ramiswa, iri nzira: K = 1 / (1 - K). Pfungwa iyi yakataurwa Keynes. multiplier Its chinoratidza kutsamira National mari yacho akakwezva upfumi - (C = Dy / Di). Wakatangwa muna mari iyo inoenderana yakawedzerwa propensity kudya. Kana tikafunga kuti Y- National mari, ini - mari, kuparadzwa C, uye - the propensity kuti uparadze, ipapo nzira iri: Dy = DC + Di; Dy = demo Dy + Di; DC = Dy xa; Dy = door (1 - a); Dy / door = 1 / (1 - a) = K> 1 kana 0

The multiplier mugumisiro upfumi

Kuwedzera uye zvinoderedza mari zvichava zvikuru kana kuchinja nokuda upfumi. With ichi mugumisiro anogona vasangana nokuongorora kusanganiswa muenzaniso. Tambira pakutanga mari (I0) ndiro 100 (bn ..), Somunhu Zvaiitwa kuparadzwa anoratidzwa mune mutoo: C = 20 X 0,6 + Y. The zvavo wehurumende mukana wokuti vanhu vanga riri sezvinotevera: Y0 = 20 X 0 + 0,6Y + 100. ndizvo Y0 = 300 (bln. kwiza.).

Kana chitsama kwokutanga dhipoziti 140 kukura (I1), zvinotevera mukana wokuti vanhu vanga achava Y1 = 0,6 X 20 + Y1 + 140. Nokudaro Y1 = 400 (bn. Kwiza.). Zvinogona vakagumisa kuti kukura kwavo 40 bhiriyoni. Rubles. chakaita kuti kuwedzera mari mabhiriyoni 100. varikwizire. Ndicho chinhu ichi chinoshamisa rinonzi multiplier mugumisiro inivhesitimendi.

Investments: inivhesitimendi multiplier

Mumwe zvinoumba zvachose havashandisi mari ndiwo mubhizimisi. Pasi pavo kazhinji vanoziva Mipiro kuonga guru chairo kambani. Kakawanda, izvi-refu upfumi. Pamwero pamusungo mutengo kwavari kunobva Pane zvinhu zviviri. Chokutanga - akatarisirwa mwero mambure purofiti, izvo zvinofanira kuwanikwa kubva varidzi mari. Chechipiri ndechokuti mwero mubereko.

Entrepreneurs inobereka mari nhumbi vanozowana mari panyaya kwokutanga kuwedzera inivhesitimendi. Kudzidza zviratidzi kuziva multiplier richava nyore.

The yaitarisira mwero mambure purofiti

Tingawaneiko chinangwa basa inivhesitimendi mari. Kureva entrepreneur achava kutenga chete kana zvinotarisirwa kuti vachava purofiti. Zvinokwanisika ngatikurukurei muenzaniso chaiwo. Muridzi mumusangano kuti zvaAtemisi fenicha anoda kuita mari itsva mukuyi. Tinorasikirwa 2000 rubles, uye nguva - 1 gore. Gadzira nzvimbo musangano zviwedzerwe, uye saka kwemari. Zvinogona vaifungidzira kuti mambure kutarisirwa kudzoka ndiye 2500, kuti, kuti mubhizimisi multiplier iri 2.5.

Real chimbadzo

With mari akabatanidza chimwe chikamu mari. Ndiwo chimbadzo, kuti ndiwo mutengo iwe kubhadhara entrepreneur chikwereti mari inodiwa kutenga imwe kukuya muchina. Bhizimisi anova zvisingabatsiri kana mwero mubereko ndizvo kuvatumwa kutarisirwa mwero mambure purofiti. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti basa rinokosha iri kuridzwa kwete aizviti uye chaiyo chimbadzo.

Changing National mari

Kuwedzera mari, mari multiplier zvichashanduka mune mari National muzana chikwata. Keynes akanga dzaona kuti zvinoshingaira zvinoriumba iri 2.5 kuti US uye upfumi UK. Action kuraswa Investments kuchapfuurira kusvikira nguva zvakadai sezvarakadzidziswa vakaneta yayo zvokugadzira zvinhu utsanzi, iyo chokuita nayo. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, zvikuru-refu inivhesitimendi zvisingabatsiri. Apo 0

Changes mu purofiti achapiwa kunokonzerwa kwete nemari, kureva upfumi. Keynes akaratidza sei kuti pave nemari kuti vabudirire inodiwa nenhanho inivhesitimendi. nzira iyi anoitwa multipliers. The musayendisiti akatora zvose kunodyira entrepreneur nokuda kutenga midziyo kuti kugadzira mari. Zvakakodzera kuverenga yakanaka kunyatsoshanda kuti guta uyewo kuverenga purofiti. Sechivako mari iyi nyaya ine rebei ukoshi. Izvi imhaka ndechokuti entrepreneur anotarisira kuwana kubva guta kwenguva refu.

Chimbadzo uye ayo kukanganisa inivhesitimendi

Keynes nhamba purofiti uye mubayiro afunga achitsigira yaimbova. The mugadziri anogona pundutso kushandisa mushonga mari kana mwero mubereko idukusa mubereko kuti zvinotarisirwa kubva upfumi. The musayendisiti anosarudza mwero mubereko sezvo bhodhi ikabereka kuti pokusiyana liquidity. In zvaanofunga, izvozvo kunobva kuzviitira tinyatsonzwisisa magetsi uye ramangwana ezvoupfumi. Panyaya iyi, iyo mari zvichava nyore, sezvo kugoverwa guru kuwedzera iri mvura.

Panguva iyoyowo, iyo nyaya mari zvichawedzera mitengo uye kuderedza kuwedzera liquidity, sezvo avo rokutenga simba achava zvishoma. The kudiwa mari kunogona parinogumira pamwero zvakakwana pasi mhindu. Keynes akaramba kuti nemamiriro oupfumi ingasiyana pasi pokudzora mwero mubereko, izvo vasiri vanokwanisa kuchinja mari zvirongwa Entrepreneurs zvavo.

The chikoro Keynesian iri kuongorora Investments, mari multiplier, uye pave mazano audzwa. On hwaro ichi, akasikwa evanhu zvirongwa kuti rakagamuchirwa mari kubva bhajeti, zviyero kuti sangano guru paruzhinji mabasa, etc. mari multiplier kunoita kuti tirambe zvinobudirira vade apo dambudziko iri upfumi, uyewo kubatsirawo pamusoro ezvoupfumi ezvinhu zvarwo.