IRussia Navy - yakagadzirwa. Ngarava dzeRussia Navy. Flag of the Russian Navy

Mauto Emvura ndeye rudzi rwakasiyana rweHondo Dzemauto, rinomirira varindi pamusoro pezvido zveRussia. Ivo vari mukugadzirira kudzivirira maAmare mumhenderekedzo yegungwa nemagungwa ezvokuita zvehondo. Iyo ngarava yakagadzirira kuwirirana neHome Forces munguva inogona kuitika ye continental wars.

Flag of the Navy

Mureza weRussia Navy ndiyo chiratidzo chekusimba uye kubwinya. Iine mbiri inokudzwa. Chimiro chake chinosanganiswa nezita raPeter Mukuru, uye zita - nezita reApostora Andrew wekutanga-Anzi, uyo aida kuti ave mudzidzi wekutanga anonzi Kristu. Mukuwedzera, ndiye mutendi uyu uyo, achizadzisa basa rakapiwa naMwari, akauya kunyika yemberi yeRussia, achitakura kutenda kune vanhu vaigara. Kuremekedza kwakanyanya kweRussia kwakazviratidza mukusimbiswa kweSt. Andrew's Order muna 1696, rakashongedzwa nechimiro chemuapostora wekubwinya uyo akashanyira nyika yedu.

Mureza wakagadzirwa sei? Peter I, uyo akachinja zvikuru mauto nemauto, iye pachake akapinda muhutori. Akaongorora kufanana kwezvakaitika kare, zviratidzo. Chikonzero chikuru chebhanhire chakanga chiri mutambo wakarereka (Mupositora Andrew, saKristu, akarovererwa pamuchinjikwa nokuda kwekutenda). Nokudaro, kune zvizvarwa zvakawanda zvevafambisi vedu, chiratidzo chinoratidzwa naTar Peter chakabatanidzwa nekutenda uye nyika yebaba. Maererano nemitambo yegungwa, mutungamiriri, achitaura nevashambadzi veRussia vasati varwisana, nguva dzose dzakaguma nemashoko ayo anochengetwa naMwari uye mureza waSt. Andrew.

Iyo ngarava kubva muna 1992 yakadzokera kune iyo pachayo mureza wekare weRussian Navy, nokudaro ichienderera mberi chikavhiringidza tsika. Pasi pake, sepakutanga, vafambisi vegungwa vanoita mabasa ezvokuchengetedza kuchengetedza kwenyika.

Mabasa ezvikepe munguva yorugare

Munguva yorugare, kukwanisa kwezvikepe izvi kunobatsira kudzivisa kukanganisa kwevangangodaro muvengi maererano neRussia Federation. Ikoko kunoramba kuchidzidziswa uye kurwisana basa. Zvinotaridzika kuti nguva yacho ine rugare, asi pane imwe nzvimbo mumigwagwa yaro missile-inotakura zvigungwa (RPSN) inoramba ichingwarira. Munzvimbo dzinokosha dzinokosha, kutsvaga, kuongororwa uye kuperekedzwa kweRPLN, mapoka ezviyo zvemuvengi anenge achida kuitwa anoitwa. Pane chirevo chekuchenjera kwake, kutaurirana. Kuongororwa kwekutanga kwemaitiro ekugoneka kwemauto ehondo kuri kuitwa.

Hondo yeRussia yakagadzirira kuchengetedza gungwa, inoshanda pamwe neChipatimendi cheMukatikati uye mauto emunharaunda pamusana pekupesana kwevanhu, uye kana kuvhara migumisiro yenjodzi - kushanda pamwechete neHurumende yeHumambo nekudzivirirwa kwehurumende.

Zviri pachena kuti iyo ndiyo maNavy Forces ayo anomiririra chirongwa chepamusoro chekushandiswa kwebasa rezvemupfumi munyika muNyika yeNyika. Zvinomiririra Russian Federation pamvura zhinji yakawanda, kuita mabasa anomiririra pamurairo wemurairo nekushanyira zvikepe. Rwizi rweRussia Rwendo rwekuRussia runozadzisa zvisungo zvepakati pekuita nekuita mabasa ekuchengetedza murugare ayo anharaunda yepasi rose yakagamuchirwa, kunze kwekuti inosangana nezvido zvenyika.

Fleet mabasa munguva yehondo

Munguva yehondo, zvikepe izvi zvakagadzirira kushingaira kutsigira uchangamire hwehurumende mumvura yegungwa iri mukati, munzvimbo inzvimbo yega, pamwe chete nechetende rekune dzimwe nyika. Mukuwedzera, iyewo anofanira kunge, pasi pekutyisidzirwa kwechiuto, aite "rimwe basa remvura" - kudzivirira rusununguko rwemakungwa makuru. Kuita mabasa aya pamusoro apa, panguva yakataurwa nemiganho yekurwisana kwehondo, inoendeswa kuhondo yehurumende kuburikidza nekuendeswa nokukurumidza. Kana pane mukana wekuona mhirizhonga kana kudzivirira, kuchengetedza kufamba, basa iri rinoitwa pakutanga.

Mumamiriro ezvinhu echinhu chinoshingaira chekurwisana, mapurisa eRussia Navy anofanirwa kutarisa nzvimbo dzisingazivikanwi nevatongi venyika, vanoita kuti mauto ekurwisana ePSSSS, aite pasi pemvura uye nepamusoro pemvura ine simba, kudzivirira mauto ehondo, kudzivirira rwizi rweRussia, uye kuwirirana nenyika inotarisana nemauto.

Kuumbwa kweNavy

Utungamiri hwevashandi vemauto anoitwa nevakuru veNavy-chief-chief. Izvi zvinoreva kutungamirirwa kwemasimba ayo anoshandiswa uye zvinoreva: pamusoro nepasi pemvura, mhirizhonga yepamhenderekedzo dzegungwa, mauto emhenderekedzo yegungwa, mahombekombe egungwa uye missile, uye marine.

Sangano, Russia yeRussia inowanikwa nemasangano ekutsvaga-masangano: Baltic, North, Pacific, Black Sea Fleet, uye Caspian Flotilla.

Northern Fleet

Nheyo dzenyika dzeNorthern Fleet dzinonzi Severomorsk uye Severodvinsk. Inonzi oceanic, atomic, missile. Nheyo dzemasimba ekurwa dzinoumbwa nuclear nuclear power-rocket carrier uye torpedo submarines, missile uye ndege dzomumakungwa, zvikepe zvep / boat, missile ngarava, pamwe chete nemutakuri wenhandare - mhirizhonga yezvikepe, nyanzvi yezvombo zvenyukireya Peter the Great. Panguva imwecheteyo, chikepe ichi chikuru chehondo chinotarisana neRussia Navy.

Kureba kwechikepe ichi chakakosha 251.1 m, kureba 28.5 m, kukwirira kubva pakureba kwayo ndege 59 m, kushanduka kune 23.7 zviuru zvitanhatu. Iyo guru "mwoyo" we giant iyo inoshandiswa nemaviri enyukireya magetsi. Kuzvidzivirira kwekufamba kwemahombekombe eRussia kunotsanangurwa nekugoverwa kwezvokudya zvevashandi vari muchikwata, izvo zvinokwana kwemwedzi miviri. Nenzira chaiyo, nekuda kwemaitiro ayo, motokari inogona kushambira zvisingagumi - pasina kudana pachiteshi. Mafambiro ekufambisa kwechikepe acho mapfumbamwe makumi matatu.

The Northern Fleet ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa-inyanzvi yekugadzira yeRussia Navy. Hondo dzehondo dzinoumba simba radzo dzehondo dzehondo dzekudzidzira kurwa dzinogara dzichigadzirirwa. Semuenzaniso, kubatana kwezvikepe zvenguva imwechete negore, pamwe chete nemakungwa anopfuura nemhenderekedzo yeAtlantic Ocean, nekuda kwake akabatanidzwa mumitambo yepasi rose "Vostok-2010", "Indra-2009".

The Baltic Fleet

Pedyo ne "hwindo reEurope" ibasa reBaltic Fleet yeRussian Navy. Iyo yakagadzirwa (ngarava) yava kunyanya kushandiswa uye yakarongedzwa. Izvo zvinotora zvinopesana neshure kwekuvaka simba rehondo reNATO munyika yeEurope. Mabhazi eBaltic akarongedzerwa kusimbiswa nekuda kwefrigates idzva yeprojekti 11 356 nemisipiresi ine vasere yezvombo zvekutakura uye anti-submarine rocket-torpedoes.

Izvi zvinoshandiswa-mazano ekugadzirisa anowanikwa munzvimbo yeKaliningrad (Baltiysk) uye munharaunda yeLeningrad (Kronstadt). Inoshandiswa, inodzivirira nzvimbo yeBaltic yezvehupfumi, inobatsira kuchengetedzwa kwekufamba kwezvikepe, inozadzisa mabasa emitemo yenyika. Iyi ndiyo yekare yezvikepe zveRussia. Nyaya yake yakatanga nekukunda zvikepe zveSweden musi waMay 18, 1703. Nhasi vaparadzi vaviri - "Vasingagumi" uye "Kutsungirira" -dzimba hwaro hwe simba rekurwisa reBaltic Navy yeRussia.

Inosimbisa kurwisana kwayo inogona kuita brigade yemagetsi engorozi, kupatsanurwa kwezvikepe zvepamusoro, masangano anobatsira ane ngarava, mauto emhenderekedzo yegungwa, mavhiriji emhepo. Icho chirevo ndicho muparadzi "Tsungirira". Mune gore razvino, kushambadzira ngarava (hydrometeorological complexes, cartographic systems, hydrocourse zviratidzo, nezvimwewo) zviri kuchinjwa, uye kugadzirwa kwechikepe cheBaltiysk chiri kurongwa.

The Black Sea Fleet

Mushure mokupinda muRussia Empire yeCrimea, muna 1783, pamwe nemudzimai Catherine Catherine, iyi ngarava yakasikwa. Nhasi yakabva mumaguta eSevastopol uye Novorossiysk. Kubvira 18.03.2014 iyo nheyo huru yeBlack Sea Fleet - Sevastopol - yava chikamu cheRussia.

Vanhu zviuru makumi maviri vanoverenga l / s yeBlack Sea Navy yeRussia. Masimba ayo anotevera uye maitiro anonyorwa: dielel-type submarines, pamusoro pezvikepe zvegungwa-gungwa, rudzi rwemakungwa (fighter, missile, anti-submarine). Izvo zvakakosha mabasa ezvikepe izvi ndezvokuchengetedza Gungwa reNyika yeGungwa uye kuchengetedza kufamba. Huru hwezvikepe izvi ndeyeMoscow cruisi cruiser.

Pari zvino, vanoona nezvemasoja vanotaura nezvekuumbwa kweGungwa Dzemahombekombe egungwa nemauto emhenderekedzo yegungwa uye mabhodhi ane redio yezvigadzirwa zvemichina, yakagadzirirwa S-300PM2 SAM systems, Pantsir-C1. Zvinotarisirwa kuti mhirizhonga yezvikepe zvezvikepe ichasimbiswa neMiG-29 uye Su-27SM ndege, Su-25SM kurwisa ndege. Inorongwa zvakare kusimbisa ndege dzinopesana nemauto nekuwedzera zvikamu zvine IL-38N ndege, Ka-52K kuparadza helicopters uye Ka-29M uye Ka-27 decks.

Sezvakataurwa mumutambo, rimwe boka rezvombo zvemazuva mazhinji Tu-22M3 richaiswa panzvimbo yepamhepo kuGvardeisky. Vachakwanisa kutsigira zvikepe zveRussia Navy yeMediterranean squadron. Mukufanana, kuumbwa kwenyika-based military unit ye peninsula iri kuitika.

Pacific Fleet

Iyi ngarava yeRussia inopa kudzivirirwa kwezvinhu zveRussia munharaunda yeAsia-Pacific. Inowanikwa muVladivostok, muFokino, muBuddle Ulysses. Chikonzero chemasimba ekurwisana ndechekugadzirisa pasi pemvura yevassile vafambisi vehondo, nyukiliya uye dielel submarines, mahombekombe egungwa, marwende emakungwa (murwisi, missile, anti-submarine), mauto emhenderekedzo. Huru hwemakungwa acho ndiVaryag rocket cruiser.

Ngarava idzi dzinotakura basa rinokosha rekugadzirisa nyukireya. Nguva dzose pamigwagwa yehondo yekugadzirisa ndiyo nuclear nuclear marines. Ngarava dzePacific yeRussia Navy dzinoita kudzivirirwa kwakachengetedzwa kwenharaunda yezvematongerwo enyika.

The Caspian Flotilla

ICaspian flotilla iri muMakhachkala uye Kaspiisk. Nharaunda yegungwa iri ndiyo nzvimbo yaro yekuita basa. Sangano, iyo flotilla inhengo ye Southern VO. Inoumbwa negomba uye mabhota emakungwa. Iyo mhirizhonga ye flotilla ndiyo ngarava yeGecard, yakagadzirirwa zvombo zvekuenda kuCarber-NK. Mabasa ekudzivisa hugandanga, kuchengeteka kwekufamba, kuchengetedzwa kwehurumende yenyika yeRussia munharaunda inogadzira mafuta inogadziriswa.

Zvikepe izvo zviri chikamu cheRussia Navy

Pakutanga kuona, zvakaoma kune munhu akazvimiririra kunyange kufungidzira kukorodzwa kwemvura kweRussia Navy, asi zvisinei, sezvazvakaitika, ruzivo urwu runowanikwa pachena. Izvi zvinoita kuti zvikwanisike "kugamuchira hukuru": mune imwe nzira yakagadzikana yakakwana, kupa nhepfenyuro dheta pamusoro pemakwikwi enyika inotora 1/5 yenyika (ona Table 1). Mhinduro pamusoro pemubvumirano unobvumirwa mutafura: mhepo iri mukati mayo kuitira kugadzirisa inoratidzwa mumabhii makuru.

Table 1. Ship iri Navy Russia pakutanga 2014.

Tariro kukura Russian Navy

Ngationgororei tarisiro kukura zvikepe inobva kubvunzurudzwa mukuru ari mukuru Russian Navy Admiral Viktorom Viktorovichem Chirkovym.

The chaizvo pfungwa yacho Navy sezvo kunzwisisa, rose nomuviri, akati Admiral, haagamuchiri kukurumidza kusarudza.

Naizvozvo, ayo kukura ari kurongwa senzira inokosha romutoo 2050. Chinangwa mberi Rinobatanidzwa nokuwedzera kubudirira chokuti pasava nehondo yenyukireya muvengi.

Urongwa inopa kuti Russian Navy achagamuchira Newest ngarava 3 mumatanho:

• kubva 2012 kusvika 2020;
• kubva 2021 kusvika 2030;
• kubva 2031 kusvika 2050.

In padariro wokutanga kuvakwa pemvura zvenyukireya sevatsvaki vemapuranga Generation IV zvichazadziswa. The chikuru mutakuri ballistic zvombo kuchaita RPLSN 955A chirongwa.

Danho rechipiri achapiwa pakataurwa yaitsiva yaivapo Generation IV RPLSN vezera ravo. Zvinonzi zvakare aronga kusika munhu pamusoro chikepe wengarava inokosha chombo hurongwa. Panguva iyoyowo kukura maatomu yepasi pemvura sevatsvaki vemapuranga wechishanu chizvarwa zvichabviswa kwakatangwa.

Mugore rechitatu danho kuvakwa Dzinoedzwa zvenyukireya sevatsvaki vemapuranga V chizvarwa kuti muAtlantic.

Kuwedzera chinokosha zvechadenga zvinogona vachikwanisa yeRussian Navy, ari Newest zvikepe - inokosha yepasi pemvura sevatsvaki vemapuranga uye RPLSN - zvichange dzinoratidzwa wakawedzera pakavanda, pasi ruzha, hwakakwana kukurukurirana, kushandiswa robotics.

Matambudziko kumahombekombe mauto

Pakuvamba, takanga ainzi huru mujinga Russian Navy ose fleets dzayo. Zvisinei, vakaronga kukura zvikepe kuti nguva kusvika 2050, Chokwadi, akabata uye Coast Guard. Chii dzokuAustralia izvozvo anoona Mutungamiriri Chirkov? Kufunga mujinga Russian Navy mubishi kwohumwe inokosha kukura, Victor rinoshandisa okuguma romumhenderekedzo yegungwa kudzivirira mugadziriro, kurovedza yokusimbisa kuti Marines kuita mabasa ari North.

mhedziso

Kunyange zvazvo hwaro musangano nemamiriro Russian Navy hakuzochinji (4 uye 1 nezvikepe flotilla), mukati kwavari achasika siyana zvikuru maneuverable ranwa simba. In kiyi zvisikwa zvavo anoramba zvinobudirira kuva unmanned motokari, chakagadzirwa njere hurongwa, zvomumvura robotosistem, non-inouraya zvombo.

Akapedzisa kudzokorora Russian Navy, achizoripa pfungwa tarisiro updating IV zvikepe, uye ipapo V chizvarwa. Zvisinei hwaro Navy simba mushure urongwa achava pemvura mabhomba ngarawa V chizvarwa. The kuwedzera chikuru muhondo simba achapiwa pamwe kuvandudzika management mugadziriro, kusangana pamusoro wengarava mauto ari Inter-basa mauto ari yemitambo zvichibvira utsinye.

Pamugumo mwero mharidzo dzedu Russian Navy - mufananidzo flagship wayo zvenyukireya, chombo chinoita zvokukandwa ngarawa "Petr Veliky".