Iyo yakagadzikana ye ndege. Jenjena chigadziro uye kutonga ndege

Chii chatinoziva pamusoro pekusimudzira ndege? Vazhinji vevagari varo vanongoderedza mapepa avo. Avo avo vaida fiksiki kuchikoro vangakwanisa kutaura mazwi mashomanana, asi, zvechokwadi, nyanzvi dzichapindura mubvunzo uyu. Panguva iyi, ichi chikamu chakakosha zvikuru, pasina iyo iyo ndege inenge isingakwanisi.

Icho chimiro chekutanga che ndege

Kana iwe ukakumbira kubata ndege dzakawanda dzevanhu vakuru, mifananidzo yacho inenge yakafanana uye ichasiyana mumashoko akawanda. Nzira ye ndege inogona kunge yakaita seyiyi: cabin, mapapiro, fuselage, mukati uye zvinonzi muswe fin. Mumwe munhu achakwevera portholes, uye mumwe munhu achakanganwa pamusoro pavo, zvichida zvimwe zvishoma zvichange zvisisipo. Zvichida, vanyori havazokwanisi kupindura kuti chii chakanyanya kudiwa, isu hatifungi nezvazvo, kunyange zvazvo tichiona ndege dzichiwanzogara, zvose zviri kurarama uye mumifananidzo, mumafirimu uye paTV. Uye izvi, chaizvoizvo, ndizvo zvakarongeka zvechikwata-iyo yose, mukuenzanisa neiyi, inongova tambo. Iyo fuselage nemapapiro zvinoshandiswa pakusimudzira kwakakodzera ndege inoenda mumhepo, imba inochengetedzwa, uye vatasviki kana kuti mitoro vari mumba. Zvakanaka, zvakadini nemiswe mutswe, chii ichocho? Kwete yekunaka shure kwezvose?

Miswe muswe

Avo vanotyaira motokari, vanonyatsoziva nzira yokuenda nayo parutivi: iwe unongoda kuchinja gumbo, shure kwaizvozvo mavhiri acho achafamba. Asi ndege yacho ndeyeimwe nyaya, nokuti hapana migwagwa mumhepo, uye dzimwe nzira dzinodiwa kudzivirira. Pano, sayenzi yakachena inotamba: nhamba huru yemasimba akasiyana anobata pamhepo inobhururuka, uye iyo inobatsira inokurudzirwa, uye iyo yose inoderedzwa, semugumisiro wekuti imwe sarudzo inosvika.

Zvichida, anenge munhu wese akaona ndege iri muhupenyu hwake akatarisa kudikanwa kwakagadzirwa mumuswe wake chikamu - maruva. Iyo iyi chikamu chiduku, chisingadikanwi zvakakwana, icho chinodzora mhepo yose iyi huru, ichimanikidzira kwete kungoshanduka chete, asiwo kuwana kana kuregera kure. Inoumbwa nezvikamu zviviri: zvakajeka uye zvisinganzwisisiki, iyo, zvakare, inoparadzanisa muviri. Izvo iriwo maviri: rimwe rinoshumira kuisa mutungamiri wekufamba, uye imwe - kureba. Mukuwedzera, kunewo chikamu kuburikidza nekushandiswa kwokuti kubhururuka kwemhepo kwenguva refu kunogadziriswa.

Nenzira, chigadziro che ndege yacho inogona kuwanikwa kwete chete muchikamu chayo chekare. Asi zvimwe pane izvi gare gare.

Stabilizer

Chirongwa chemazuva ano che ndege chinopa zvakawanda zvakakosha kuti uchengetedze kuchengeteka kwemafirimu nevatasvi varo pamatanho ose ehupenyu. Uye, zvichida, iyo huru ndiyo inodzivirira iri kumashure kwechimiro. Iko, chaizvoizvo, kungova bhari, saka zvinoshamisa kuti zvinyorwa zviduku zvakadai zvinogona kuchinja sei kufamba kwesimbi huru. Asi iyo inonyanya kukosha - apo chikamu ichi chinopera, ndege inogona kuguma zvikuru. Somuenzaniso, maererano nehuwandu hwemashoko, ndiyo yakagadziridza ndege iyo yakakonzera kuparara kwemazuva ano kwemufambisi Boeing muRostov-on-Don. Mune maonero evadzidzisi venyika dzakawanda, kusakanganiswa kwezviito zvevatyairi vengarairi uye kukanganisa kweimwe yei kwakakonzera chimwe chezvikamu zvemuswe wechigunwe, zvichiita kuti chigadziriswe kune chinzvimbo chinowanikwa chepamusoro. Vashandi vacho vaisakwanisa kuita chimwe chinhu kuti vadzivise kurwisana. Nenzira yakanaka, kuvaka zvikwata hazvimire, uye rimwe nerimwe rinotevera rinopa nzvimbo shoma yevanhu.

Mabasa

Sezvo zita racho rinoreva, gadziriro yemagetsi inoshanda kutonga kufamba kwayo. Nokubhadhara uye kuderedza dzimwe nhepfenyuro nekudengenyeka, zvinoita kuti ndege iwedzere uye yakachengeteka. Sezvo kukanganisa kuri mumativi maviri akajeka uye akareba, simbi yacho inodzorwawo nenzira mbiri-saka, inosanganisira zvikamu zviviri. Vanogona kuva nekugadzirwa kwakasiyana kwazvo, zvichienderana nechinangwa uye chinangwa che ndege, asi pane chero zvipi zvayo zviripo pane imwe ndege yemazuva ano.

Chikamu chakakosha

Inokonzera kuenzanirana, kwete kubvumira mishonga ikozvino uye "kuvhuna", uye inosanganisira zvikamu zviviri zvikuru. Chokutanga chezvi ichinhu chakasimbiswa, icho, chaizvoizvo, ndicho chigadziro chekukwira kwema ndege. Pamusoro pechikamu ichi kunosungirirwa wechipiri - motokari inopa kutonga.

Mune chirongwa chinowanzogadzirwa neanerodynamnamic, simbi inogadziriswa inowanikwa mumuswe. Zvisinei, panewo zvivako kana iri pamberi pephiko kana kune maviri acho - mberi uye shure. Iko kunewo izvo zvinonzi "tailless" kana kuti "mapiritsi ekubhururuka", ayo kazhinji asina ruzivo rwakakwana.

Vertical part

Iyi chikamu chinopa ndege yacho nekusimba kwehutungamiri ari mundiza, kwete kubvumira kuti iende kubva kune rumwe rutivi. Icho chiyewo chigadzirwa chemakemikari, iyo inopa gadziriro yakasimba yakagadziriswa yendege, kana keel, pamwe chete nefambisi pahinge.

Iyi chikamu, semapapiro, zvichienderana nechinangwa uye maitiro anodiwa, inogona kuva nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana. Kusiyana kunowanikwawo nekusiyana kwakasiyana-siyana munzvimbo yese yepamusoro uye kuwedzera kwezvikamu zvepamusoro, zvakadai sechinokonzera kana chikwata chechirwere.

Kubata uye kufamba

Zvichida zvakakurumbira muhurumende yehutaundi ikozvino inonzi T-shaped plumage, umo chikamu chakanyanyisa chiri pamagumo eheel. Zvisinei, kune vamwewo.

Kwenguva yakati mapuranga akafanana neA akashandiswa, mune zvikamu zviviri izvi panguva imwechete yakaita zvose zvisinganzwisisiki uye zvakajeka. Kutungamira kwakakwana uye kushanda zvishoma kuduku hakuna kubvumira chisarudzo ichi kupararira zvikuru.

Mukuwedzera, kune nzvimbo yakatsvuka yemiswe mhepo, iyo inhengo dzayo inogona kuva kune rumwe rutivi rwefuselage uye kunyange pamapapiro.

Nekufamba, kazhinji nzvimbo dzakadzikama dzakagadzikana zvakasimba maererano nemuviri. Kunyange zvakadaro, pane zvingasarudzwa, kunyanya kana zvasvika pakutsvaira.

Kana iwe ukakwanisa kuchinja iyo yakaenzana neyenguva refu ye-longitudinal pasi, chigadziri chemufananidzo uyu chinonzi chinoshandurudzwa. Kana kudzora kwemhepo inosimudzira ndege inogonawo kuitika mumhepo, ichava inofamba. Izvi zvinowanzoitika kune vanotakura ndege vari kuda kuwedzera kuenzanisa. Pakupedzisira, pamotokari yepamusoro, motokari yemhepo inoshandiswa, iyo inotambawo basa rekufambisa.