Kana paiva nemabhuku Old Russian, uye nei?

Mubvunzo apo pakanga Old mabhuku Russian, nehanya nhasi vose vanofarira munhoroondo uye tsika nyika yedu. Tichaedza kupa mhinduro izere nazvo.

Chii mabhuku Old Russian?

mabhuku Old Russian rinonzi Zvivako kwedzidzo pakati Kievan Rus ', yakabuda padariro pakusikwa mamiriro of Eastern Slavs, rinonzi Kievan Rus. Old nguva munhoroondo mabhuku Russian, maererano mamwe mabhuku, kunoguma muna 1237 (panguva kuparadza wechiTatar nechisimba), maererano nemamwe mabhuku, anoramba kwemamwe makore 400 uye zvishoma nezvishoma kunoguma muna Renaissance Moscow State mushure Nguva Troubles.

Zvisinei, zvakawanda vaida ndiye wokutanga shanduro, iyo pamwe anotsanangura apo uye nei ane Russian mabhuku Old.

Chero zvazvingava, chokwadi ichi kunoratidza kuti madzitateguru edu vauya mudariro zvakadai evanhu kukura, kana havachisiri kugutsikana kuti ngano uye aida Genres itsva - hagiographic mabhuku, mharidzo, uye Miscellany "mashoko".

Kana paiva Old Russian mabhuku: nhoroondo uye chikuru zvikonzero pamusoro

Musi chaiwo yokunyorwa mabasa ekare kare ikoko pakutanga, asi mavambo kuverenga yokuRussia yave rakagara richidudzirwa vakasonganira zviitiko zviviri. Chokutanga - the chidzoke munyika yedu mamongi Orthodox - Cyril naMethodius akasika Glagolitic arufabheti, uye gare gare kushandisa pakuedza pakusikwa Cyrillic arufabheti. Izvi zvaiita kuti kushandura tsika ndima uye echiKristu Byzantine Empire mumutauro Old kwechiSlavonic.

Chinokosha Chiitiko chechipiri chaiva zvechiKristu chairo Russia, izvo akabvumira nyika yedu kuti kunyatsotevera kushamwaridzana vaGiriki - iyoyo vatakuri uchenjeri uye ruzivo.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti mubvunzo wokuti, mugore chii paiva nemabhuku Old Russian, haagoni kupindura asi, uye nekuti wandei Zvivako kwedzidzo yekare hombe kunge arasika somugumisiro kuparadza Tartar joko, vakawanda vavo vakapiswa akawanda moto kuti mauya edu nyika veropa muArabhu .

The Zvivako inozivikanwa kwazvo yekare Russia kuverenga

Kupindura mubvunzo pamusoro apo paiva Old mabhuku Russian, hatifaniri kukanganwa kuti mabasa iyi iri kumbonyanya yakakwirira azvipire mabhuku kunakisisa. Mumwe akakurumbira "Shoko" raJehovha Prince Igor kuti Mushandirapamwe Polovtsy izvo chete kunodyira.

Pasinei dzinoparadza nhoroondo ezvinhu, zvinotevera Zvivako achiripo.

Muchidimbu nyora pfungwa ndivo:

1. Laurentian Chronicle.
2. Ostrom vhangeri.
3. Vakawanda didactic kuunganidza.
4. Upenyu akaunganidzwa (semuenzaniso, muunganidzwa upenyu wokutanga Russian dzvene pakati Lavra).
5. "Mharidzo Mutemo uye Grace" Hilarion.
6. The Life of Boris uye Gleb.
7. Kuverenga pamusoro Boris uye Gleb.
8. "Zvakaedza zvekare Years".
9. "Kuraira kubva Prince Vladimir, zita remadunhurirwa Monomakh".
10. "Turika."
11. "Legend yeRussian nyika rufu."

Chronology of Old Russian bhuku-kudzidza

Nyanzvi yekare yakanyorwa tsika, Academician DS Likhachev nevamwe vake vanoti mhinduro yomubvunzo wokuti kana pakanga Old mabhuku Russian kuti inowanikwa Zvivako yokutanga Russian bhuku-kudzidza.

Maererano yaMakoronike izvi, munyika yedu mu rechi10 remakore, kutanga akazviratidza rinoshandurwa mabasa kubva muchiGiriki. In dzakafanana, panguva imwe chete akasikwa ngano pafoni nengano dzezvakaitwa Svyatoslav Chikareva uye epics pamusoro Prince Vladimir.

Muzana rechi11 kuvonga remakore basa Metropolitan Ilarion zvakanyorwa mabhuku mabasa. Somuenzaniso, ndiye atova anotaurwa "Mharidzo Mutemo uye Grace", rondedzero kuitwa chiKristu nevanhu vokuRussia uye nevamwe. Muzana remakore chete magwaro Miscellany wokutanga, uyewo upenyu vokutanga muMagwaro Boris uye Gleb vakasikwa, vakaurayiwa machinda feuds uye gare gare somusande.

Muzana remakore rechi12 pakanyorwa mabasa yepakutanga rakanyorwa kuti vari kuudzwa Hupenyu Theodosius, abbot Pechersky, Upenyu nevamwe vatsvene Russian nyika. Panguva imwe chete mashoko anonzi vhangeri Galitsky, unyanzvi mutauri Russian Kirillom Turovskim mufananidzo zvakanyorwa rakavambwa uye "shoko." Vezera yakatanga kusvika pakusikwa rugwaro "Turika". Panguva iyoyowo, uye akabudisa vazhinji rakashandurwa mabasa, vakabva Byzantium uye akatakura hwaro zvose yechiKristu ndero uchenjeri.

Saka, zvinokwanisika here chinangwa kupindura mubvunzo chii remakore mabhuku Old Russian akazviratidza saka: zvakaitika muna rechi10 remakore pamwechete kwaita necheSalvic Literature uye kusikwa Kievan Rus 'sezvo rakabatana mamiriro.