Karyotypes - nayo .... Uripiko kuongororwa kuti karyotype?

Vanhu kazhinji kunyonganisa mazita uye havanzwisisi kusiyana chromosomal Gene syndromes uye zvirwere. mazwi aya pathologies zvakasiyana. Munyaya ino uchadzidza munhu karyotype chii, chii chiri chromosomal zvirwere.

Ko shoko rokuti "karyotype"?

Karyotype - mumwe kwemimwe okutodza. zvidzidzo Cytogenetic panyaya dzavo uwandu nechivako kuitwa chero zera, kamwe hwose. Chii chinogona tsunga kubva chromosome ari kudzidza:

1. Rokuumba uye kukura.
2. papfudzi kureba.
3. Kuvapo zvimwe constrictions.
4. Location telomeres.

mhando karyotypes

In marudzi ose zvipenyu, kusanganisira vanhu, ane karyotypes siyana. Zviri ibatanidzo zvose unhu okutodza, murwiyo izvo zvinopa chakaipa nokushanda kwenhengo imwe neimwe zvikuru nomumwe mupenyu nyika. Karyotype ndiko:

1. Mhando kunoratidzwa chete mhando.
2. Nomumwe - zvemo vanhu.

Normal yevanhu karyotype

Zvirwere achiperekedzwa Kumwe kuchinja kunotanga, rinonzi chromosomal. Genetics kudzidza unhu hwavo uye mamiriro. Chaiye munhu okutodza (karyotype) ine 46 zvidimbu. In mamiriro ichi pane mhando mbiri. Sex okutodza huri ane chitsama 2 zvidimbu. The yasara 22 majoko - asexual, dzinonzi "autosomes."

Vakadzi, bonde okutodza vanoonekwa peya XX (okutodza makuru maviri) uye varume - xy (imwe huru uye imwe diki). On hwaro ichi, zvakajairika karyotype panguva yakanaka hafu revanhu rine 46XX wevacheche, uye navarume - 46XY. Chero zvarakasiya kubva Masvomhu izvi zvinokonzera malformations siyana, malformations, zvinoguma nokupfupfudzika, kushaya mbereko, uye vamwe.

karyotype

Karyotype kuongorora ndepana padariro foni weboka, kana kukura kwavo vakachinja. Panguva iyi, vakanga anowanikwa pamutemo. Dzidza pamusoro karyotypes unoitiswa kwacho chaiyo staining kwaizotevera kudzidza okutodza muchiedza maikorosikopu. Nzira iyi inobvumira kuti kuona kukura uye chimiro, sechivako mitumbi, uyewo chikuru kana yechipiri constrictions uye inhomogeneity of nzvimbo. yemarudzi rokuti hurongwa yakanga yakagadzirirwa nemaziso kurondedzera mashoko okutodza kuchinja. Chokutanga, kutaridzwa nhamba (nhamba) uye vachengeta adzo - pabonde kana autosomes, uye inotevera romukova - mupepa (kunyanya pamafudzi urefu).

zvifananidzo zvose zviri mifananidzo pasi maikorosikopu kuti vaite kuchinja, uye pakupedzisira raora kwomudonzvo rakaumba mufananidzo wakakwana. Zvakakosha kuti kuongororwa kuti karyotypes, zvichabatsira kuziva yakasiyana zvokurwara panguva tanga yokuberekwa uye kukura embryo. Pashure pezvose, zvinokanganisawo mwana utano.

The Mhando nemiedzo kuti karyotype

Kune 2 mhando zveBhaibheri karyotype:

1. Kutsunga of karyotype mu leukocytes. chidzidzo ichi chiri kuitwa kune vakuru kuwana kana dzakakudzingai chromosomal abnormalities. Pashure pezvose, kana iri yasimbiswa zvingaita sokuti munguva vaizotevera magene chirwere. Nokuti kuongorora ichi, murwere unofanira kupfuura ropa riri karyotype.
2. Pamuviri kudzidza. Ongororo iyi anoitwa utero kuziva chromosomal abnormalities ari mudumbu. Zvakakosha kuti vabereki kuti vaite pachisara tarisa karyotype. The mutengo nokuti, kunyange mwoyo, asi tinofanira kurera mari uye tsvakurudza. Apo vamwe migumisiro ongororo inoratidzwa kugumiswa pamuviri, sezvo fetus zvokurwara kungava haawirirani upenyu kana mune ramangwana achauyisa rinorema, irreparable yakaipa.

Ndiani anofanira kuongororwa kuti karyotype?

Munyika dzakawanda, karyotype chinhu chinodiwa kuti muchato. Unomirirei, nekuti munhu anogona kushandura urongwa okutodza chisingazivi kukanganisa utano hwake. Asi izvi zvinogona chete kuitika kana kuronga pamuviri.

Sezvakaita pakugoverwa nedzimwe miedzo, pane hama uye mhedziso zvairatidza kuti tsananguro. Boka rokutanga zvinosanganisira:

1. Pamberi majini chirwere muna rimwe kuwanana.
2. Constant kubva kwepamuviri.
3. Kuva mwana ane majini chirwere.
4. Age of vanepamuviri mai kana yekuronga pamuviri vakadzi makore 35.
5. Zvinoitika muviri siyana pathogenic zvinhu zvakadai nemwaranzi, makemikari, etc.
6. Kutyora dzepabonde kukura.

Hama zvairatidza pakukurukura pamusoro karyotypes - ichi hako nemafungiro. Inoongorora Muzviitiko zvakadaro zviri zvinodiwa kupfuura.

Chii unogona kuwana panguva kuongorora pamusoro karyotype?

Kupfuura kudzidza ichi, tinogona kudzidza zvakawanda pamusoro zvavo magene utano. Wokutanga uye zvakanakisisa zvose - ndiwo kutenda kuti munhu utano. Kuchinja karyotype akati zvarakasiya kubva kwose kwose. mhando iyi kutsvakurudza kuchabatsira kuti vazvionere voga:

1. The zvinokonzera zvinetso siyana mune vana, akadai kunonoka kukura, vakaremara pfungwa, kukurumidza kumira kukura uye nevamwe.
2. Kuti uzive njodzi yacho mwana pamwe nemagene zvirwere.

Uyezve, ongororo iyi anotibvumira kuziva-siyana zvirwere chromosomal. Kune avapa yemaitiro, kuti ndiye karyotypes syndromes akadai:

1. Down kuti syndrome. The chirwere akaumba mukati padumbu ramai 47 okutodza. Muna 21 vakaroorana akawana mamwe Unit, riri basa chirwere.
2. Polysomes vari X-chromosome.
3. Patau syndrome.
4. Various kuremara.
5. Cat kudanidzira chirwere uye nevamwe.

Karyotype pamwe abnormalities zvinowanikwa munenge 1% kubva vachangoberekwa zvose. Zvirwere izvi kukonzera hwepfungwa retardation, pathologies siyana, uye kunyange rufu. Zviitiko abnormalities kunowedzera rwaamai zera. zvazvingava ichi unochinja mukana kuva mwana ane Down syndrome. A pamuviri makore 35 ngozi ndiyo 1: 1000 kusvika 40 -1: 200 uye pashure 45 - 1:19.

Ndingawana kupi kuongorora pamusoro karyotype?

Pasinei chokwadi kuti kudzidza ichi vazhinji anozivikanwa uye kakawanda chaizvo, vamwe vari kushamisika zvakaitika apo karyotype uye kupi tora ongororo iyi? nzira iyi ndiyo nguva chaizvo uye saka zvinodhura, saka harisi kuitwa muruwa yekuongororwa. Asi murudzi guta guru pane urongwa, izvo zvinofanira karyotype pachisara iwe chete kuwana zvivabatsire kubva chiremba. Masangano aya anosanganisira:

1. Kuronga mhuri nzvimbo.
2. Medical genetics masangano.
3. Modern mumarabhoritari kuitisa zvidzidzo zvakasiyana-siyana.
4. maternity uye muduku nzvimbo.
5. Private kiriniki.

Kudzivisa rwakashata pamuviri zvaitika uye kuziva zvinokonzera kushaya mbereko vanofanira kunyatsoongorora kudzidza chromosome wakaiswa zvose kuwanana. Modern kuonekwa karyotype vachivavhiringidza anotibvumira kushandisa nzira inogona kukubatsira kuva nemwana ane utano.

Chimwe chikuru zvinokonzera zvachinja karyotype ndiye "kururama" spermatogenesis. Vamwe urume pamwe kwakakanganiswa nechivako munyaya pakusangana ari zai. Vanogona kuti kuberekwa embryo mwero karyotype. Kuwedzera chimiro zvinetso kukanganisa ezvinhu murombo zvakatipoteredza, izvo chinokurwadzai munhu mutation okutodza. Ivo, akavapindurawo, vane inokanganisa kuchinja karyotype kwevanhu. kunotouraya aya nhaka, saka regai kuisa utano mwana wavo asati aberekwa uye nechavo rinoreva Kuongororwa iri mhando.