Ko iwe unodana ane chiwanikwa yemhangura zinc?

Chikamu chikuru anogadzirwa simbi rinoshandiswa indasitiri dziri alloys. Vakadzidza kuti zvakawanda BC. Chii chinonzi chiwanikwa? Chii zita chiwanikwa, iyo yakavakirwa zvemhangura zinc? Aripiko richishandiswa? Mhinduro dzemibvunzo iyi - munyaya.

Chii chinonzi chiwanikwa?

The alloys muri zvokuvakisa musanganiswa nesimbi anoverengeka uye zvimwe zvinhu. Vanogona ine kwemasanga marara zvakasikwa zvinoriumba. Mumwe wokutanga anozivikanwa alloys aiva endarira. Nhumbi kubva kuvanhu vake akasika zvakawanda zviri IV chemakore BC.

Alloys kuvandudza simbi unhu. Somuenzaniso, nendarama zvishongo kwenguva yakareba, vanonyatsokurukura Zvinokosha zvakaisvonaka uye imwe matauriro, ivo vakawedzera duku inorwara nickel, Platinum, zingi kana sirivha.

Nokusanganisa akawanda zvinoriumba angachinja ehupfumi ari simbi, kuwedzera utsotso tembiricha uye ductility, kupa simba neukukutu, kuwedzera mukurumari. Rakajairika alloys indarira, nendarira (ane chiwanikwa chemhangura pamwe zingi), nguruve simbi, simbi, Babbitt, takunda, duralumin.

Ivo zvinoshandiswa zvokuimba engineering, kuvakwa, maindasitiri, ndege, etc. A musanganiswa nickel, magnesium uye cobalt kuti magnets a. Tin-kutungamirira vaichimboona kuti zvaAtemisi Forogo, Banga Nechipunu uye simbi raishandiswa chaizvo kuti anogadzira zvinhu zvemumba zvakadai hari kana simbi.

The chiwanikwa chemhangura pamwe zingi

A musanganiswa zvemhangura zinc inonzi nendarira. Sendarira, iye akazviratidza pamberi munhambo yedu. Kubvira ipapo yachinja akawanda mukugadzira nzira. Kare, kuti nendarira, ndarira yakanga yakasanganiswa pamazimbe zinc mhangura. Muzana XVIII remakore, wokuEngland Dzheyms Emerson vataurira kusanganisa zvacho pachavo pasina kushandisa esimbi.

Hwaro kwendarira imhangura. The zingi kugutsikana anoda kubva 5 kusvika 45 muzana. Nokuda yellowish ruvara, akafanana nendarama, muRoma yekare inonzi orichalcum nendarira, rinoreva "Zlatomed".

mhangura-zingi chiwanikwa haisi nguva dzose chete simbi idzi. It ingasanganisira zvishoma netini, kutungamirira, simbi, manganese, nickel, uye dzimwe zvinoriumba. Kana iwe wedzera mamwe gaba pane zingi achava akasiyana zvachose zvinhu - gaba yendarira.

The ehupfumi endarira

Zvichienderana uwandu zingi uye ruvara nendarira unhu zvinosiyana. The duku iri, mashoko uye ruvara zvakawanda zvikuru dzvuku. Kana chiwanikwa yemhangura zinc harina zvimwe zvinhu, zviri kunzi nendarira nyore, iyo rakakamurwa mhando mbiri: tsvuku dzendarira (20% zingi) yellow nendarira (20% zingi).

Brass zvinhu zviri pliable chaizvo uye akava mukuru ngura nemishonga pane mhangura. Utsotso tembiricha iri 880 ^C. kusvika 950 ^C., makuru kukura zingi riri shoma. Metal zvakakwana amenable kuti nomoto achifinyamisa nokuita.

In nyorovera mhepo, yellow nendarira cracking walnut. Isa zvinokwanisika kuburikidza annealing pa 250 ^C. Multicomponent endarira nani anoramba ngura uye ndizvo vafuke. Kusanganiswa netini kunoita kuramba yomugungwa.

The kugutsikana nouipi ari chiwanikwa inogona kuwanika chigadzirwa chitaridzi. Capital tsamba dzinoratidza zita rokuti. Pakutanga zvazvinoita "L" tsamba, ipapo vamwe mamwe (alloying) zvinhu. Pashure pavo earufabheti maererano akaratidza pauwandu hweavo ose zvinhu, pamwechete digits maviri okutanga anoratidza huwandu mhangura iri chiwanikwa. Saka, ndezve LAZH60-1-1 zvinoreva kuti endarira anoumbwa 60% mhangura, 1% kubva aruminiyamu uye 1% simbi, vamwe nezvokuvandudzika zinc.

Apo ndarira rinoshandiswa?

Brass ane yakanaka kupisa kukwanisa. Haasi masanga kare Russia wake samovar. MuRoma, apo Octavian Augustus endarira mari vakanga yakagadzirwa uye sestertii dupondius. KuMiddle Ages raishandiswa kugadzirwa zvishongo, runotaura compasses, magadzirirwo art.

Zvino mashoko inoshandiswa kwose kwose. Brass akaita chishongo uye nomucheka musha midziyo. A rinokosha chidobi kubata kukwegura kunoita chigadzirwa rinokosha runako nendarira. Kubva wake wakakandwa Zvidhori, musuo pazvibato, girazi mapuranga.

High rwokugadzira ehupfumi zvendarira kubvumira kushandisa mashoko kuti pagadzirwe duku kuvakwa zvikamu, sepombi, ndiro, rinoparadza uye waya. Lead alloys inoshandiswa motokari uye maawa, tombac inoshandiswa ra simbi uye mukugadzira pombi redhiyeta. Nekuti murwiyo ane aruminiyamu zviri 0.5% yakabereka insignia, sezvo ane yendarama Hue.