Nhema - chii ichi? Kwakatangira uye mienzaniso yekare uye ano ngano

Nhema - tsika kuti nguva nenguva kuonekwa mune pre-kuverenga munzanga. Vanotiudza pamusoro kumadziteteguru oupenyu, mabasa wemagamba, mabasa vanamwari uye nemidzimu. The chaizvo pfungwa ngano rinobva Greek uye rinobva pashoko "Mytos", iro rinoreva "ngano."

Kwe ngano okutanga

The muunganidzwa ngano iri zvokuzvinyima tsika vawana nemashoko kutaura, mumwe yakananga nzira kuronga mashoko pamusoro yakapoteredza chokwadi. Ukuwo, nyaya hunhu nezvekwakabva zvinhu zvose , uye murume mairi dzinoverengeka zvinokosha mashandiro: yechitendero, pfungwa, uzivi, kare, zvesayenzi.

Chaiwo zviri ngano zvinosanganisira zvemasanga yokusvika kuna muunganidzwa nyaya, muenzaniso wakakwana zvakasikwa, zoomorphism.

The chidzoke pfungwa pamusoro supersensible hwaro kunhivi nguva panowanikwa pamakuva okutanga. Nemhaka makuva yekare akawana vazhinji zvokutanga siyana art.

Kwakatangira nhema

Muna Upper Paleolithic pane rakadzikama inotungamirwa syncretic kunzwisisa: ngano - mufananidzo - tsika. Kuramba mamiriro iyi nhoroondo yevanhu inoratidza pakawanda kwayo. Hunoratidza emakore uye rationality uye musoro nemagariro core.

Paleolithic mifananidzo uye ngano, uye avo zvisikwa - tsika. "Rinonyatsoreva" uye "signifier" iri ngano pamusoro chinyakare murume yaiva Mhedziso kubatana.

Pfungwa ngano

Pane mhirikiro siyana "ngano" mafungiro ari sayenzi zhinji. Zvinoreva mashoko iyi zvaitwa nemutoo akasiyana zvepamusoro, chinoguma paine muzvizhinji ane diffuse uye dzinopesana tsanangudzo. Pakati pavo mhirikiro kuti anopiwa mune Encyclopedic maduramazwi, zita tarenda ngano norudzi nyaya.

Uyewo, pane modernized shanduro muAtlantic, achitaura kuti ngano - chinhu syncretic kunzwisisa nyika, akaratidza kutsinga dzinouya-chaizvo personifications uye rarama venyama, avo vanozivikanwa chete chokwadi. Kwouzivi maonero pamusoro kududzirwa pfungwa iyi kunobva pakunzwisisa ngano sezvo fungidzira zano wenyika, vachitsanangura uye varwere chaiyo kutevedzana kwezviitiko nezviito.

Ko shoko ngano? mubvunzo uyu inogona akapindura nokutaura synthesizing njere-zvinoumba kubva mharidzo dzakasiyana. Saka zvinoita kuzoumba yakakwana uye chaiyoiyo tsanangudzo pfungwa iyi: nhema vanonzi magwaro uye mifananidzo inoratidza syncretic kuratidzwa chokwadi muna siyana epochs okukura kwevanhu. netsika nomumwe ane mavambo, iyo inotaura zvinhu imwe kambani zhinji.

The typology of ngano

Kosi yacho zvinosanganisira nhema kuti nyore zvinogona kunzi zvenhaka, zvebhaibheri kana zvimwe dzechembere okuberekwa. Vanotiudza pamusoro zviitiko chokuita pakusikwa kwenyika, nokuita mabasa (kunyanya Greek uye zvekare vanamwari veRoma uye magamba).

Vaongorori dzakaitika mungano kucherechedza kuti pane mabasa makuru mazhinji vemarudzi akasiyana, yakawanda inokosha misoro uye motifs inodzokororwa. Ndiwo mavambo ngano kwete zvose kuti anosarudza kugutsikana kwavo. Somuenzaniso, imwe yenzvimbo yekare uye chinyakare vari Ngano nezvemhuka. The tanga izvi, chete kunyengedzwa anorondedzera zviratidzo fauna of. Uye yekare Australia ngano Somuenzaniso, kwakapararira dzidziso kwakabva mhuka nevanhu. Asi mamwe marudzi enyika, kunyange zvakadaro zvakajeka, vakapararira kwavo rengano dzechembere yokuti murume aimbova mhuka. Mienzaniso ngano dzakadaro: rekare rechiGiriki ngano inenge musikana, ari nymph Daphne, kuti hyacinths, daffodils uye vamwe.

Mavambo kwemiviri yokudenga uyewo kazhinji vatsvene ngano. In vanonzi rezuva, lunarnyh uye astral ngano zuva, mwedzi uye nyeredzi vaiwanzosungwa anomiririrwa vanhu vaimborarama pasi pano, uye nokuda kwezvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana, zvino vapinda kudenga. ngano yakadaro - nayo akazogadzira vanhu rinogona kutsiva paumbwe wezvose. Chimwe zvakafanana dingindira - muitiro mazano zuva iri chero inoshamisa munhu. Muchiitiko chino, kwete muviri kudenga spiritualized.

The nechepakati nzvimbo raora pakati ngano kunyika dzakawanda maigara chigadzirwa, kutsanangura pakusikwa kwenyika uye zvakasikwa, uye murume. Zvikasadaro, dzinonzi cosmogony uye anthropogonic azvaitwa. Patsika shure pemarudzi haazvibatanidzi pamusoro izvi nyaya zvishoma. Kunyanya, Aussies chete zvishoma anotaurwa kuti pose paNyika isati zvakasiyana, asi mibvunzo nezvechitarisiko yake haana kufanorongwa.

VokuPolynesia, North America maIndia, zvekare vanhu East neMediterranean cosmogonical pezvakaitwa vaiona kubva maonero maviri. Mumwe wavo kwaibva pfungwa pakusika (zvakasikwa), uye mumwe - iri pfungwa kukura (shanduka). Maererano creationist dzidziso nyika yaakasika mwari musiki, muroyi kana imwe remweya hwakanaka. Munguva ngano wakavakwa dzidziso yokushanduka-shanduka, nyika zvishoma achikura kubva chinyakare kuvapo. Zvingava mhirizhonga, rima, rima, etc.

Mugore cosmogonic ngano kazhinji intertwine uye storylines acho akabva wevanamwari nevanhu. Vakawanda maonero yacho yakanga kunoshamisa kwomwana wacho. Pashure mashoma emakore ngano yakaonekwa kutaurwa zvichaitirwa noupenyu munyikadzimu wokutanga.

Sei ngano

Achibatsirwa inzwi ravo mapatani ingano ichiratidza chinhu isingazivikanwi, zvitsva uye mukufamba nyaya inoratidza kuti izvi idzva akazviratidza. Zvinogona kuva chiito gamba, tateguru, kana mabasa aMwari. Kunewo dzakatevedzana ngano, kana chinhu chitsva wakatangwa muna rimwe zvigadzirwa, uye ipapo kukudziridza zvarongwa nokuzadzikiswa pachishandiswa zviitiko, iro chete vanotaurwa zvinotevera nyaya. Kureva, vari sokugamuchira wakapiwa priori.

Mienzaniso ngano ano

Modern zvenhema aonekwa Russia muna yechipiri yezana remakore rechimakumi maviri, kunyanya zvakafanana nemunhu. The anokosha kwagara munhu kakasaririra ari.

Uye hazvisi tsaona, wokutanga zvidhina mu nheyo ngano dzakadaro vakaisa vanyori renyaya. Zvichida chimwe chezvinhu unoshamisa mabasa akatanga kusikwa Artura Konan Doyle ( "The Lost World") uye Obrucheva ( "Pluton"). Uye regai storylines zvakasiyana nokure, asi vose ndedzokufungidzira mabasa zvakanyorwa chete manyorerwo uye vari kwakavakirwa pfungwa yakafanana.

Kure budiriro, vari akarasika pakona nyika pane nzvimbo, apo sezvineiwo, vose yakapoteredza chokwadi afanane yapfuura Wepasi kure. ekunze ichi, kasvisto uye miti nemhuka zvakazonaka. Kuti kubvuma uku kwaiva nokuda munhevedzano ngano pamusoro zvinomera uye mhuka zvakachengetedzwa munyika yaro yepakutanga kubva kare. Muenzaniso unoshamisa ngano mhando iyi - the ngano of chikara ainzi Nessie, anogara Scottish mudziva Loch Florida.

Uyewo pane zvakawanda rengano nyaya zvisikwa gungwa (namakava), izvo akaona vezvikepe, vaibvakacha uye vabati vehove.

Modern ngano uye sayenzi

Musimboti dambudziko iri ndechokuti nhepfenyuro kuti ngano sezvo yesayenzi chokwadi chakaoma. Tinogona kutaura nechivimbo kuti varimowo muboka revaya mungano. Muchiitiko chino, rinoreva yechipiri padanho pfungwa kuti zvaiva zviri Pfungwa tsika zvesayenzi uye kupatsanurwa ruzivo,,. Mundima iyi, ngano - zviri artificially vakasikwa munhu ngano, iyo yakavakirwa zvokufungidzira uye ngano, zvishoma nezvishoma kuchinja achifuridzirwa pfungwa uye zvesayenzi zvinhu.

Zviviri zvakataurwa mungano

Pakuonekwa ngano chokuita nechitarisiko, inotungamirwa uye kukura rudzi. Ndizvo vanhu vanoumba nhoroondo dzavo nomumwe kwavakaberekerwa. Papera mythmaking kuonekwa nemabasa aiendeswa zvavo (iyo pave vepamusoro) uye ngano nevanhu pachavo. Saka, tinogona kutaura maviri nzira mungano: yakavharwa uye akazaruka.