Kronotsky Lake - dombo Kamchatka

Kronotsky Lake - chikuru chaivo dura ari Kamchatka Territory, inoshamisa uye unexplored kusvikira pakuguma. zita rayo anoshandura kubva Itelmen se "YOMUMAKOMO". Nezvemabasa remasayendisiti, nzvimbo idzi dzakanaka kuti kukwezvwa ichangobva ne Nhoroondo mitemo: pakutanga rokupedzisira remakore (1908) ndivo magwaro okutanga zvinoberekwa P. Yu Shmidtom.. Kunorwa akafamba famba kwegungwa kumabvazuva uye okumusoro, zvichipa rondedzero iyi yakanaka muviri mvura uye kuwedzera kwachiri topographical gadzira nzvimbo. kwokutanga inoti vose yakavakirwa chete pane nemashoko kubva zvemo vagari vomunzvimbo idzi - Itelmen, nekuti gungwa zindoga uye munzvimbo dzakaoma dzaiva chakakomba chipingamupinyi iyo kunodzivirira chero kupindira. Chete muna 1920 musayendisiti R. Malles akakwanisa kushanyira nzvimbo idzi, uwane mepu, uye kugadzirisa chakavanzika kuzvarwa mudhamu.

zvinoitwa

Dziva iri 242 km², uye catchment nzvimbo - anenge 2330 mativi makiromita. Izvi hazvishamisi, nokuti rikawira nomunzizi 10 guru .: North, Unana, Uzon, larch uye vamwe vanoshanda nzira dzavo, hwava kubva mudhamu, rwizi Krodakyg (Kronotsky), chisimba uye capricious, zvipingamupinyi zvakawanda. On chaizvo bhuku mvura (12.4 bv km) Lake ndiyo yechipiri pakukura mudunhu. . Chaizvo Depth Uye kunyange avhareji iri 58 m, kupfuura chakadzama nzvimbo anozivikanwa vanoremekedzwa chaizvo nhamba - 136 M For kupfuura zvose parameters ari Kronotsky nyanza ndiye navatanhatu ari mazita kupfuura Russian uye zvakadzama madhamu. Wedzera kuti, uye riri mune yakasiyana runako renzvimbo iyo inozivikanwa kwayo zvisinganzwisisiki Kamchatka.

Meals chinyakare dziva - chando uye mvura. Gungwa yaita chando muna December uye akazarura pakazopera May. Ice pabutiro nzvimbo inosvika ukobvu mita. The mvura pamwero kunosiyana-siyana panguva dzakasiyana ane amplitude anosvika munhu decimeters shoma. Kumabvazuva kwegungwa racho akashongedzwa zvitsuwa 11, chirefu pamusoro mvura pamusoro kusvika 25-50 metres, vose kutakura mazita kunoshamisa masayendisiti nevafambi, uyo aimbotaurawo Kamchatka rwendo ari kwezana remakore rechi20. Komarova, Conradi, Baer and unto.

Kronotsky nyanza ari kuzivikanwa kwayo mativi chimiro, saka kujaira yepanyama Dam. Zvinonzi akatsanangura zvikuru kukamurwa negomba anooneka zvikuru nemichinjiziri uye kuputika dzakatevedzana zvinosanganisira 16 anoputika, 12 iyo vanoita.

Aripiko Lake Kronotsky

Izvi hazvina mumwe nyanza dziva iri kusiyana riri zvakafanana kushamisa Kamchatka dzinongoitika kunzwisisa - the Kronotsky Nature Reserve, ari matatu gumi nevaviri chete kubva yakakurumbira giza Valley.

Kurutivi rwamabvazuva, 8 km kubva kugungwa riri rinoputika Kronotsky rinoputika, zasi - 10 km - Krasheninnikov rinoputika. It rinopedzisa mufananidzo ane zvekumwe gomo Schmidt, achifumira ari kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva.

Kronotsky rwegungwa; Origin

It akaumba mudhamu anenge 10 zviuru. Makore akapfuura. Riri mune Caldera dzemabota, uye saka akanga kare vakafunga kuti mavambo ari kuputika zvakasikwa. Kutaura zvazviri, ichiidzwa kuti asati pakuonekwa nyanza anoputika, rinonzi nhasi mazita masayendisiti Kronotsky uye Krasheninnikov. Vakaita zvakaguma pindana rwizi yekare pamubhedha rwakafara uye simba dhaka deposits. Mugumisiro njodzi iyi yaiva gomo dura panguva imwe kukwira pamusoro mamita 372 pamusoro pegungwa, riri imwe nzvimbo yakaisvonaka kwazvo munyika - mujinga dzemabota kronotsky.

Features

Gungwa Zvinofadza kwete chete mavambo asiwo kusikwa siyanei dzinongoitika kunzwisisa mukati yayo miganhu.

The water drainage kwemvura iri mhiri korwizi, gwara iri okumusoro kunosvika pamusoro 12 km riri anenge ungwandangwanda hwezvinhu Mangondo simba, kwete kupa mikana kuenda Sarimoni mudziva. Somugumisiro, nemhaka refu voga mudhamu vakaumba rinokosha sockeye Sarimoni (Kokanee) uye mhando dzakawanda loach endemic mapoka. mumwe mashandiro rwakadaro inotungamirwa kwazvakaita - chinangwa kudzidza nokuda ichthyologists. Zvisinei, panguva anokonzera rwizi gore negore kuita kuti pave inokwira shoma rwizi uye achipfuura Dolly Varden, uye akawana vashomanana chisingawanzowaniki zviitiko, nokufamba coho Sarimoni.

Biota

About Kronotsky nyanza anozivikanwa kwete zvose. Pacific chitsuwa inogarwa mapoka seagulls. Kupiwa chinhambwe yakakwana kubva kumhenderekedzo (30-45 km), matendere izvi - isingawanzowanikwi chinoshamisa. Zvinonzi shava runotsigira kushambira pachitsuwa kudya mazai gulls.

Kronotsky nyanza, ari musimboti dzinongoitika kunzwisisa, takapoteredzwa zvinoshamisa yakanaka zvakasikwa. Pane relict specimens uye zvikuru zvinokosha mhuka. Somuenzaniso, chete kukura pano Kamchatka larch uye akawana Ayan spruce.

The hwakasimba larch - matendere zvisingawanzoitiki shiri (negora, Steller kuti gungwa gondo), uye akapoteredza pamakomo kumba Rukodzi runonzi Rukodzi, magora uye makondo.

Asi chiratidzo nzvimbo iyi inoshamisa vari swans. Muzhizha ivo zvinenge chisingaoneki, sezvo mudziva mumudziyo nzvimbo shomanana akakodzera nesting. Pakazosvika mavambo chando rinotanga kusvika kunoshamisa shiri idzi mbiri.

Izvi, Kronotskoye asinganzwisisiki nyanza - a mashiripiti nzvimbo pamusoro Kamchatka Peninsula.