Kubudisa zvishongedzo: Tools uye zvinhu

dzakasiyana-siyana pavanoteka midziyo inogona kushandiswa mabasa kwakajeka mabasa. Mhando munowanika, kune vazhinji, uyewo zvinhu nechinangwa chete. Vanhu Vazhinji, kubudikidza hunhu mabasa ayo nechomukati vanoita vanodhirowa kakawanda, kushandiswa mufanidzo. Ndizvo kuva dzinocherwa maturusi, dzaizara mune imwe nyaya inokosha. In wanhasi pane tichiswedera zviridzwa akagadzirirwa kuita zvakasiyana-siyana inoratidza pachena mabasa zvakasiyana dzisakarurama masumbu.

Asi, chokwadi, unogona kutenga uye zvatinosiita pavanoteka midziyo kana achida. Moscow, St. Petersburg uye mamwe maguta munyika - kwose kwose unogona kutenga izvi akakurumbira uye kubatsira. Gare gare munyaya patichanzwisisa zvakadzama pamwe chii kuswedera maturusi uye zvinhu zviripo pamusoro musika nhasi.

Types wenhumbi kushandiswa kwakajeka mabasa

Vanodhirowa pachavo, kakawanda zvairevei papepa. Kuti aite izvi mhando Graphics vaishandisa mugiredhi rayo rinokosha. Kuwedzera mapepa, vagadziri uye mainjiniya vanoshandisa izvi vaivhomora maturusi uye nenhumbi, akadai:

• penzura nokungoti dema penzura;

• eraser;

• akarongwa zvakasiyana urefu;

• dzinoungana;

• protractors;

• compasses akasiyana-siyana;

• mapatani.

Kazhinji richiswedera Paper akatasva rinokosha purangazve. mazano aya anobvumira Graphics mabasa pamwe kunonyanyisa nyore.

Chii Paper

anowanzoita vakasarudzwa yepamusoro chena bepa kuita vanodhirowa. Izvi zvinogona nezvechisarudzo akanzi "O" kana "B". Pepa "On" (dzose) rinowanika mhando mbiri: nyore uye kukura. Zvapedzisira nzira ine yepamusoro arambe achirema uye zvakasiyana neukukutu. Higher yepamusoro mapepa zvakakodzera kuita vanodhirowa kuti "B" ndiyo yakanakisisa. It ane wakachena chena ruvara, akasiyana kumeso kana "shaggy" kana uchishandisa chokudzimisa. Kusiyanisa kubva mamwe marudzi zvinogona akatarira chiedza. Papepa vagadziri kushandisa Watermark. Kuwedzera chena mapepa, yokuronda pepa girafu bepa ringashandiswawo kuita vanodhirowa.

Special mapuranga

Kubudisa zvinhu zvinogona kushandiswa mainjiniya uye vagadziri, saka siyana. The bhodhi iri chokupika vanodhirowa nemazvo - chizenga kakawanda fanira. chokushandisa ichi chinoitwa kubva softwood (semuenzaniso, alder). Mwari akaronga kuti anyanye aivabatsira kusikwa vanodhirowa. mudziyo uyu vakawanda vakaungana kupinda dandemutande rimwe matete vakasungira magumo slats. Kureba, upamhi uye pakukora bhodhi wokucheresa angava akasiyana.

pencil

zvichida ndicho chikuru chokushandisa kushandiswa apo kuita richiswedera basa. Pencil, kune akasiyana inokosha matatu chete:

• Solid. musimboti ichi Kunoonekwa pamwe tsamba "T" uye rinoshandiswa, chokwadi, kuita vanodhirowa.

• Medium pokuoma. Tools izvi dzemarudzi kazhinji segwapa netsamba "TM". Vanoshandisa kuti sitiroko panguva yokupedzisira pavaipfuura pamufananidzo.

• Soft. pencil izvi kushandiswa richiswedera chete. "M" anozivikanwa ne tsamba.

Kunze penzura kuita vanodhirowa mune zvimwe zviitiko, ingi anogona kushandiswa. It anogadzirwa ndiro. Designers nemainjiniya vanowanzoshandisa mutema ingi, kunyange zvazvo ruvara chinogona kuva zvakasiyana. Sezvo vachishanda chokushandisa, muchiitiko ichi, minhenga inokosha.

Erasers

Kubudisa zvishongedzo izvi zvinhu zvipenyu zviri kushandiswa kubvisa kukanganisa mabasa kana hwebetsero mitsetse. Kana vanodhirowa anoshandiswa zvikurukuru miviri mhando eraser: zvakagadzirirwa kubvisa penzura uye kuitiswa inotumirwa mutsetse zvitunha. Chokutanga musimboti inozivikanwa nokushandisa softness uye asingauyi kukanganisa bepa rukoko nokubvisa chete penzura. Erasers nokuti naamio zvine yokuvirisa utsinye uye erasing sanded mapepa.

vatongi

siyana uku mufanidzo maturusi zvinogona kuitwa Kwakashandiswa micheka. Kakawanda, izvi huni, simbi kana mupurasitiki. Zvapedzisira kuita anoonekwa kuita vanodhirowa zvikuru dzakakodzera. Transparent mapurasitiki mutongi pfupi, sezvinoita nepenzura, - huru nokushanda mudziyo injiniya kana wakachenjera.

Asati kushandisa itsva mutsetse fanira cheki kururama. Nokuti chinangwa ichi zviri kuiswa papepa uye kuzochera mutsetse. Next, kwidibira mutsara mhiri uye vanopedza chimwe. Kana rokutanga uye rechipiri mitsara iri papepa rienderane, ipapo mutsetse yakanaka uye kunogona kushandiswa mune basa.

Kune vamwe richiswedera nenhumbi kuti bhodhi uye zvishoma shanduro dzakasiyana - a T-mativi. zvishandiso izvi ine chikuru zvikamu zvitatu: mutsetse maviri pfupi mbariro. Mumwe anosungira nokuramba wakaomerera panzira chokuita mutongi, uye wechipiri inogona zvayaitenderera paguyo panyaya nayo chero akachinjikana. Kugadzirira mumwe mbariro pakupera bhodhi, achibatsirwa munhu T-mativi hunogona kungoparara kupedzwa yakafanana chinjikira kana diagonal mitsetse.

Compasses

Line kana akajeka mabasa anoshandiswa kuzochera ngaatarire mitsetse. Chinongedzo rinoshandiswa wokucheresa madenderedzwa. Species munowanika, pane dzakawanda:

• Kuyera compasses. makumbo Zvose kuguma zvakadaro zviridzwa tsono. Used compasses zvipenyu izvi kunonyanya kuyera zvidimbu.

• Compasses "The Mvere Foot". chishandiso akadaro ane chete gumbo chete tsono. Chikamu chechipiri ane yakafara mhete pasi penzura.

• Graphic kwakajairika compasses. Rimwe gumbo zviridzwa akadaro tsono iri akaiswa panopera mumwe graphite netsvimbo.

Panewo chaiyo siyana compasses. Somuenzaniso, kuti munyatso iri diki bhatani uye zvinogona kushandiswa kuzochera concentric yeChina. Dzimwe nguva mainjiniya uye technologists rinoshandiswawo calipers. chokushandisa Izvi nyore chaizvo kuwana mudenderedzwa dhayamita diki (0.5-8 mm).

dzinoungana

Kubudisa zvokushandisa ichi mhando zvinowanzoshandiswa nokuda kuvaka zvakanaka pamakona. Pane mhando mbiri chete chikuru pamakona inoshandiswa pakuita mifananidzo: 45:90:45 uye 60:90:30. Sezvinoita mutongi, munowanika zvinogona kuitwa Kwakashandiswa micheka. Zvikuru yakakodzera kushandisa vanoonekwa segirazi epurasitiki.

protractors

Ichi chimwe chinodiwa mudziyo kana kuumba mifananidzo. Protractors anoshandiswa ainyanya sechinhu chinamatidzwa chakagadzirirwa aivabatsira basa. With Chikumbiro yavo iri nyore zvikuru kuti vanyengere pamakona. Protractors vari Semi-tenderera uye tenderera. Paunogadzirira vanodhirowa yokutanga musimboti rinoshandiswa kakawanda. Panewo chinokosha geodesic protractors. Kuti pave topographic mepu kazhinji anoshandisa musiyano pakati TG-B.

mapatani

Dzimwe nguva kuita makakombama pamusoro mufananidzo uchishandisa chete kambasi hazvibviri. Muchiitiko chino, ivo dzinoitirwa pamusoro pfungwa ruoko. mapatani - nokuti sitiroko achawana makakombama chaiwo zvishandiso anoshandiswa. Kuumba vangave zvakasiyana. Vakanonga richiswedera zvokushandisa ichi mhando kunofanira kuva vakadaro kuti unopinza kwavo napo kunoenderana chimiro pemitsara kuti uchida kuswedera.

nyaya mufanidzo zviridzwa

Sezvambotaurwa, mainjiniya uye vagadziri kazhinji shandisa vakagadzirira akagadzirwa Kits. Wakaiswa kuswedera zvokushandisa anosanganisira tichiswedera zviridzwa, zvinogona kuoneka nyora ayo. Vaya vanoita vanodhirowa ari nyanzvi yakati sandara, vaudzewo zvakasikwa yakatarwa. Vatongi anozivikanwa ne tsamba "Y". Kuwedzera kune mutemo, zvinosanganisira kambasi mutongi, protractor uye penzura, zvinosanganisira naamio uye zvakagadzirirwa kushanda naye zvokushandisa.

Simple mufanidzo Zviridzwa kazhinji kuwana vadzidzi kuti uchiwana zvidzidzo. Kunoonekwa pamwe tsamba rinovira yakadaro "W". Panewo Vatongi vakadaro: kugadzira ( "K"), magadzirirwo diki ( "KM") uye guru ( "KB").

Nokudaro, tiri kuwana, ndedzipi zvinhu, zvokushandisa, pavanoteka Zviridzwa akashandiswa kuita pakati Graphics. Pasina compasses, vatongi, mapenzura uye eraser pakusika yakarurama uye kunzwisisa vanodhirowa hazvishandi. Uye saka zvishandiso izvi, Chokwadi, ichagara kudiwa.