Kusiyanisa inzwi - a ... Pulse upamhi vachisiyanisa inzwi

Patinosangana hwezuva nezuva upenyu nounhu hutsva, vakawanda vari kuedza kuwana mhinduro dzemibvunzo yavo. Nokuti chinangwa ichi zvakafanira kurondedzera chero chinonakidza. Mumwe wavo chinhu chakadai vachisiyanisa inzwi. Nezvake, uye huchakurukurwa.

tsananguro mukuru

Kusiyanisa inzwi - ndiwo muitiro kuchinja mumwe kana vose akagadzirwa parameters mukuru-kakawanda oscillations maererano mutemo yakaderera kakawanda mashoko acho. Izvi zvinoguma kuchinjwa chakarondedzera kudzorwa chiratidzo padunhu kakawanda nharaunda, sezvo chinobudirira nzvimbo iri kutepfenyura kunoda kuti transceivers zvose kushanda panguva frequencies zvakasiyana pasina kukanganisa mumwe. Kuburikidza iyi, mashoko vibrations anoiswa pamusoro mutakuri, akaziva priori. The kuzvidzora chiratidzo chine ruzivo zvitange. High-kakawanda oscillations anotora basa mutakuri mashoko, nokudaro anowana mamiriro mutakuri. The kuzvidzora chiratidzo zvitange date akaparara. Kune mhando akasiyana vachisiyanisa inzwi kuti kunoenderana worudzii waveform yaishandiswa: rectangular, mativi, kana mamwe. Kana digitaalinen anonongedzera kutaura evanhu. Saka, vachisiyanisa inzwi - mumwe muitiro chokuita vibrations, saka kungava kakawanda, amplitude, danho, uye vamwe.

mhando

Zvino unogona kuona siyana zvakavapo zviripo. Kutaura zvazviri, vachisiyanisa inzwi - a kwacho umo mukuru-kakawanda chinozunguzirwa iri Kutamiswa. Kakawanda, mhando zvinotevera: kakawanda, amplitude uye danho. Kana Frequency vachisiyanisa inzwi rinowanikwa kuchinja kakawanda, aine amplitude - amplitude asi danho - danho. Pane zvakasiyana maonero. Upamhi vachisiyanisa inzwi uye nadzurudzo ndezvaMwari vaparadzane marudzi. Panyaya iyi, iyo parameters mukuru-kakawanda vibrations kushandura discretely.

amplitude vachisiyanisa inzwi

In hurongwa iri mhando kuchinja kuchinja mutakuri chinozunguzirwa amplitude pane refu kakawanda achishandisa modulating wave. Kana goho kakawanda kuongorora kwakaratidza kwete chete mazano kakawanda, asi avo mari uye musiyano. Panyaya iyi, kana vachisiyanisa inzwi - ndiye kunzwisisa wave, sezvo Somuenzaniso, kutaura anonongedzera ina muzvizhinji pamusoro frequencies, zvaizotora mapoka maviri, mumwe pazasi mutakuri, uye wechipiri nhengo kuti Verengai uye musiyano frequencies. Dzinonzi lateral: okumusoro. First - yakatofanana chepakutanga okuteerera Mureza zvava pedyo chaicho maitikiro. The repasi bhendi - kopi chiratidzo chokutanga iyo vakapfuura inversion, kureva, yokutanga mukuru frequencies - yakaderera kakawanda muna rezasi divi.

Rezasi divi iri girazi mufananidzo rokumusoro divi hama kuti mutakuri maitikiro. System kushandisa amplitude vachisiyanisa inzwi, mutakuri kupfuudzwa maviri divi, akadana vaviri-mukoto. Mutakuri harina chinobatsira mashoko, saka rinogona kubviswa, asi chero zvakadaro, mureza bhendi iri kaviri yepakutanga. Kuderedza bhendi zvinoitwa displacing kwete chete rutsigiro, asi mumwe parutivi, mumwe rwamashoko iri mazviri. Miti iyi inozivikanwa rimwe-sideband vachisiyanisa inzwi aine woutsinye mutakuri.

demodulation

Izvi zvinoda nokusanganisa ari modulated Mureza aine mutakuri chete kakawanda kuti chaibwinya nokuda modulator. Zvadaro, chepakutanga chiratidzo inotengwa muchimiro siyanei maitikiro kana kakawanda bhendi, uye ipapo yakasvinwa nevamwe anonongedzera. Dzimwe rudzi mutakuri nokuda demodulation zviri kuitika pasi, apo haugari uwirirane mutakuri kakawanda kuti modulator. Nokuda musiyano muduku pakati frequencies kuonekwa mismatches, izvo kwese kuti matunhu runhare.

kufamba kweropa vachisiyanisa inzwi

Muchiitiko chino, digital baseband chiratidzo, i.e. zvinoita kuti encode ikakuruma kupfuura imwe baud kupfurikidza yeEncoding binary date chiratidzo kupinda vakawanda siyana. dzimwe nguva nematomhu ari binary chiratidzo rakakamurwa vaviri vaviri. Kuti vawane mana ikakuruma combine musimboti inogona kushandiswa, sezvamakaropafadzwa peya imwe hunomiririrwa rimwe mana amplitude siyana. Kwakadaro encoded Mureza inozivikanwa mukuti vachisiyanisa inzwi mwero iri hafu baud mwero yepakutanga date chiratidzo, saka rinogona kushandiswa amplitude vachisiyanisa inzwi iri kwakajairika nenzira. Chikumbiro chacho unowanikwa kuti redhiyo kukurukurirana.

Frequency vachisiyanisa inzwi

Systems ane vachisiyanisa inzwi zvokufungidzira kuti mutakuri kakawanda achizosiyana maererano ne pezvakaita modulating chiratidzo. Iyi mhando ndiyo vachipfuma mashoko kutsiga amplitude yokuziva nezvainoita aivapo parunhare network, saka zvinofanira kushandiswa panguva yakaderera aimhanya, pasina chikonzero kungandipa bandwidth guru.

Danho-amplitude vachisiyanisa inzwi

Kuwedzera uwandu nematomhu por baud angava kubatanidzwa danho uye amplitude vachisiyanisa inzwi.

Somumwe ano nzira amplitude-danho vachisiyanisa inzwi anogona kutaurwa nomumwe kunobva multicarrier hutachiwana. Somuenzaniso, mune dzimwe chikumbiro mutakuri 48 vakaparadzana neboka kanyika e45 Hz. By kubatanidza amplitude uye danho vachisiyanisa inzwi rimwe mutakuri ari dzinounzwa kuna 32 discrete inoti neimwe baud munguva imwe yoga, zvichiita kutakura 5 matomu por baud. Zvakaratidza kuti zvose izvi yakatarwa unokubvumira uchatamisa matomu 240 paminiti baud. Kana uchishanda panguva 9600 ikakuruma / s vachisiyanisa inzwi zvazvingava kunoda 40 baud. Uyu mufananidzo yakaderera rakanyatsojeka anoshivirira amplitude uye danho akasvetuka tinoberekwa kuti runhare Network.

Coded zvechivhurumukira vachisiyanisa inzwi

Izvi mhando Kazhinji aionekwa marongedzero kutepfenyura analoginen anonongedzera, semuenzaniso, Inzwi digitally. Izvi vachisiyanisa inzwi chidobi harishandiswi modems. Pano gating kunoitika analoginen Mureza pamwero kaviri inonyanya kakawanda chinoumba chiratidzo analoginen chimiro. Kana kushandisa kwakadaro enyika vari parunhare network gating anowanika 8000 nguva muzana wechipiri. Mumwe muenzaniso - ndiro voltage pamwero encoded nomwe ikakuruma yekubvuma. To zvakanakisisa kumirira ataura mutauro, yeEncoding rinoshandiswa logarithmically. matomu nomwe pamwe worusere kutaura kuvapo chiratidzo kuumbwa octet.

Kusiyanisa inzwi uye kuonekwa kunodiwa kudzorera shoko chiratidzo, kuti ndiye neizvi muitiro. Kana chiratidzo ichi kutendeutswa munhu nonlinear nenzira. Nonlinear zvinhu zviende itsva chakarondedzera zvinoumba ari chakarondedzera ari goho chiratidzo uye filters zvinoshandiswa yakaderera maitikiro yenhengo patsanura. Kusiyanisa inzwi uye kuonekwa kunogona kuitwa kushandisa Vacuum diodes, transistors, semiconductor diode somunhu nonlinear maatomu akafanana. Pachivanhu kushandiswa dot semiconductor diodes, sezvo planar chiyamuro capacitance ndiyo yakakura.

mhando ano

Digital vachisiyanisa inzwi rinopa kure zvikuru mashoko kugona uye inowirirana siyana-digital mashoko mabasa. Mukuwedzera achibatsirwa kwakavandudzwa mashoko kuchengeteka, nani unhu nokukurukurirana gadziriro uye mhanyisa kuwana kwavari.

Pane constraints akawanda nezvakaonekwa vagadziri chero hurongwa: bvumidzwa simba uye kakawanda bhendi upamhi, akafanorongerwa ruzha pamwero kutaurirana enyika. Zuva nezuva kuwanda vanoshandisa kukurukurirana hurongwa, uyewo achikura kudiwa pavo, izvo zvinoda kuwedzera redhiyo upfumi. Digital vachisiyanisa inzwi rwakasiyana chaizvo kubva analoginen kuitira kuti mutakuri nayo transmits yakawanda mashoko.

Kuoma yekushandiswa

The Developers pakati digitaalinen redhiyo gadziriro iri huru basa rakadaro - kuwana nekuyanana pakati upamhi date kutepfenyura bhendi uye kunzwisisa kwakaita hurongwa zvazviri. Kuti izvi zvidaro, zvakakodzera kushandisa dzakasiyana vachisiyanisa inzwi mitoo kuti zvinodiwa mugumisiro. Radio kutaurirana kunogona kurongwa nokushandisa nyore wokutepfenyurisa uye mugamuchiri hushande, asi kakawanda chakarondedzera ndiyo Proportional nokuwanda nhengo kuti kushandiswa vakadaro kukurukurirana. Kuti uwane zvinotakura akaoma uye vagamuchiri inoda zvishoma bandwidth mashoko kutepfenyurwa zvakafanana vhoriyamu. Itamire spectrally vakarongeka hutachiwana mitoo zvakafanira kuti omesa zvokushandisa maererano. dambudziko iri hakubvi pane mhando yokukurukurirana.

inotsiva

Pulse upamhi vachisiyanisa inzwi kunoratidzwa muna kuti ayo keriya Mureza anomirira kutevedzana kwezviitiko pulses, ine kupomba kakawanda hazvina kugara. Kuchinja nehanya chete nguva mumwe kupomba ari modulating chiratidzo, ukuwo.

Pulse upamhi vachisiyanisa inzwi rakasiyana kakawanda danho. Yokupedzisira inosanganisira vachisiyanisa inzwi Mureza sechinhu sine wave wave. Zvinonzi dzinoratidzwa kugara amplitude uye shanduka kakawanda kana danho. Pulse anonongedzera kunogonawo modulated kakawanda. Zvingava wakaiswa kupomba nguva, uye kakawanda yavo mune dzimwe avhareji kukosha, asi nguva imwe kukosha yavo siyana zvichienderana modulating anonongedzera.

zvakawanikwa

Zvinokwanisika kushandisa nyore vachisiyanisa inzwi mifananidzo, pamwe parameter mumwe chete achizosiyana maererano nemashoko modulating ruzivo. Combined vachisiyanisa inzwi zano iro rinoshandiswa michina ano yokukurukura, - kana paine mawa kuchinja uye amplitude uye mutakuri danho. Mazuva hurongwa zvinogona kushandiswa subcarriers kakawanda, chimwe nechimwe inoshandisa imwe mhando vachisiyanisa inzwi. Muchiitiko chino, zviri chiratidzo vachisiyanisa inzwi zvirongwa. Izwi iri rinoshandiswa kuti zvakaoma multilevel kwemarudzi kuti zvinoda zvimwe zvinhu kuti dzoga tsananguro ruzivo.

Mazuva kutaurirana hurongwa kushandisa zvikuru vakarongeka mhando vachisiyanisa inzwi, nokudaro kuderedza bandwidth inopiwa kune vakasununguka Frequency nzvimbo mamwe marudzi anonongedzera. Quality Links pauri chete kunoita, asi muchiitiko chino kunzwisisa midziyo chaizvo. Pakupedzisira, vachisiyanisa inzwi kakawanda anopa pamusana chete zvinoonekwa pakuguma User tichitarisa zvivanakire kushandisa michina nzira.